Objective In order to improve diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE),the clinical features of pulmonary embolism between older and younger patients were compared.Methods Totally 105 patients(57 older and 48 younger)with diagnosed PTE were assessed retrospectively.Results There were more risk factors in the elderly as compared with younger group.Phlebitis was the major risk factor in both groups.Other risk factors,such as COPD,immobilization,malignancy and cardiac disease,were more frequent in the elderly;whereas in younger patients,intravenous drug injection and genetic factors were more frequent.Chest pain and hemoptysis were less frequent in older patients whereas syncope occurred more often in the older group."Triplicate symptoms" (including dyspnea,chest pain and hemoptysis)occurred more often in the younger group.Massive PTE occurred more often in the older patients.Severe complications were more frequent in cTnT-positive patients.Conclusion There are more risk factors in the elderly.The clinical presentation of PTE is often atypical in elderly patients,and prone to develop massive PTE.cTnT(Cardiac troponin T)is an independent predictor of prognostic implications in patients with confirmed PTE.

Aim To investigate the ability of chymase inhibitors o n histamine release from human colon mast cells. Methods Human ma st cells were dispersed from colon tissue with collagenase and hyaluronidase, an d were challenged with stimulus for 15 min at 37℃.A glass fibre-based fluorome tric assay was used to measure histamine in the supernatants of dispersed mast c ells.Results chymase inhibitors ZIGPFM, TPCK and ? 1-antitry psin failed to induce significant histamine release from colon mast cells. All t he chymase inhibitors were able to inhibit anti-IgE induced histamine release i n a concentration dependent manner with a maximum of 37%, 26% and 36.8% inhibit ion being achieved with 1 mmol?L -1 of ZIGPFM, 80 mmol?L -1 of TPCK , 30 mmol?L -1 of ? 1-antitrypsin, respectively. Preincubation of inhib itors of ZIGPFM and TPCK with cells for 20 min at 37℃ before challenging with a nti-IgE was able to slightly enhance their inhibitory actions. All the chymase inhibitors were able to inhibit calcium ionophore induced histamine release, th e maximum inhibition was 23.6%～35%.And the extent of inhibition by TPCK was in creased when colon mast cells were preincubated for 20 min before calcium ionoph ore being added. However, the same treament failed to improve the action of ZIGP FM. Conclusion In the current study, we found that inhibitors o f chymase were able to inhibit anti-IgE and calcium ionophore induced histamine release from human colon mast cells, which may indicate a potential of a novel therapy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease or other mast cell relat ed diseases.

Objective:To investigate the ability of chymase inhibitors on tryptase release from human colon mast cells.Methods:Human mast cells were dispersed from colon tissue with collagenase and hyaluronidase,and were challenged with stimulus for 15 min at 37℃.Tryptase assay performed following previous procedures.In brief,a 96-well microtitre plate was coated with antiserum to human tryptase.The tryptase levels in the samples were detected with a monoclonal antibody specific to tryptase and the reaction was visualized by addition of OPD.Results:At 15 min and 35 min following incubation,anti-IgE and calcium ionophore were able to provoke significant tryptase release from human colon mast cells.Chymase inhibitors ZIGPFM,TPCK and ?1-antitrypsin had no stimulatory effect on colon mast cells at both 15 min and 35 min incubation periods.All the chymase inhibitors were able to inhibit anti-IgE induced tryptase release in a concentration dependent manner with a maximum of 37%,40% and 36.6% inhibition being achieved with 1 ?mol/mL of ZIGPFM,80 ?mol/mL of TPCK,30 ?mol/mL of ?1-antitrypsin,respectively.Preincubation of inhibitors of ZIGPFM and TPCK with cells for 20 min at 37℃ before challenging with anti-IgE was able to slightly enhance their inhibitory actions.Amastatin,a specific inhibitor of aminopeptidase,had no effect on anti-IgE induced tryptase release.All the chymase inhibitors were able to inhibit calcium ionophore induced tryptase release,the maximum inhibition were 23%-35.3%.And the extent of inhibition by ZIGPFM was increased when colon mast cells were preincubated for 20 min before calcium ionophore being added.However,the same treament failed to improve the action of TPCK.Conclusion:We found for the first time that inhibitors of chymase were able to inhibit anti-IgE and calcium ionophore induced tryptase release from human colon mast cells,which may indicated a potential of a novel therapy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease or other mast cell related diseases.

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the pollution of paralytic shellfish poisons (PSP) in shellfish sold in Hainan Province from 2018 to 2021. Methods　From 2018 to 2021, the content of 10 paralytic shellfish poisons including saxitoxin (STX), neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), gonyautoxins 1 (GTX1), gonyautoxins 2 (GTX2), gonyautoxins 3 (GTX3), gonyautoxins 4 (GTX4), gonyautoxins 5 (GTX5), decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX), decarbamoylgonyau toxins 2 (dcGTX2) and decarbamoylgonyau toxins 3 (dcGTX3) in 7 kinds of shellfish commonly sold in 13 cities and counties in Hainan province was analyzed. Results　The detection rate of PSP in 360 shellfish samples was 10.3%. Among them, the highest detection rate of STX was 5.83%, followed by GTX2 detection rate of 4.17%; the detection rate of neoSTX and GTX3 were both 1.67%; the detection rate of GTX1 was 1.39%. None of the five PSP, GTX4, GTX5, dcSTX, dcGTX2 and dcGTX3, were detected. Four types of PSP were detected in fanscallops, two were detected in oysters, mussels and Scapharca subcrenata, only one was detected in scallops, and no toxin contamination was detected in clams and razor clams. A single sample of fanscallops detected a maximum of 4 PSP, and a single sample of oysters, scallops, mussels and Scapharca subcrenata detected a maximum of 1 PSP. The equivalence of PSP in all samples was ND-155.6 μg/kg.The annual detection rate of PSP from high to low was: 20.0% in 2020, 15.6% in 2019, 5.3% in 2018, and 2.0% in 2021, and none of the samples tested exceeded the standard. Continuously detectable STX in 2018-2020, all PSP that could be detected in 2018 were STX. In 2019, in addition to STX detected in scallops and Scapharca subcrenata, neoSTX was also detected in oysters, mussels and Scapharca subcrenata. In 2020, PSP was only detected from scallops, and GTX2 could be detected in all positive specimens, while 5 STX, 5 GTX1 and 6 GTX3 were detected. Only GTX2 detected from scallops in 2021. STX was detected in shellfish sold in 12 cities and counties, GTX2 can be detected in 10 cities and counties, neoSTX can be detected in 5 cities and counties, GTX1 and GTX2 were detected in 4 cities and counties respectively. Shellfish sold in Wenchang and Lingshui markets can detect 5 types of PSP. Conclusion　Some types of shellfish on the market in Hainan are contaminated with some kind of PSP pollution risks, and it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of PSP in marketed shellfish.

The role of pulchinenoside (PULC) in the regulation of MeCP2 expression was investigated in RA model rats. Adjuvant arthritis rats were used as RA model rats, and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from the RA model rats were cultured. The effect of 100 mg x kg(-1) PULC gavage treatment on the MeCP2 expression and the effect of MeCP2 siRNA on the expression of SFRP2 and β-catenin were detected by real time qPCR and Western blotting. The role of PULC in the FLS proliferation was detected by MTT. The results showed that the MeCP2 expression was down-regulated, the SFRP2 expression was up-regulated and the FLS proliferation was inhibited in FLS after therapy. MeCP2 siRNA significantly inhibited the MeCP2 expression, up-regulated the SFRP2 expression and inhibited the β-catenin expression in FLS from RA model rats. PULC may increase the SFRP2 expression, inhibit the Wnt signaling and inhibit the FLS proliferation in FLS from the RA model rats by inhibiting the MeCP2 expression.
Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synovial Membrane ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; drug effects ; beta Catenin ; genetics ; metabolism

To study the effect of pulchinenoside (PULC) on the Frizzled (FZD) expression of adjuvant arthritis ( AA) rats. AA rats were prepared through the toe injection with complete Freund's adjuvant to culture fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). The effect of the oral administration with PULC on the FZD8 expression was detected by the real time qPCR. The effect of FZD8 knockout on the expressions of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 were detected by MTT and ELISA. The role of miR-375 in the abnomal expression of FZD8 was detected by the real time qPCR. The results showed signfiicant decrease in the FZD8 expression among AA rats, FLS proliferation ater FZD8 knockout and IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 expressions and notable increase in miR-375 expression after the oral administration with PULC. The up-regulated miR-375 expression can inhibit the FZD8 expression. PULC may inhibit the FZD8 expression by up-regulating the miR-375 expression.
Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; genetics ; metabolism ; Saponins ; administration & dosage

Epmedii Folium is a commonly used traditional Chinese drug, and is beneficial for the "liver" and "kidney" s function in Chinese medicine. Recently, the origin of this drug is more complex. Most of the identification studies are emphasized on the species certified by the pharmacopoeia and other related species from the same genus of Epimedium, but few was emphasized on the counterfeit. In this paper, one counterfeit of Epmedii Folium, identified as the dried leaf of Quercus variabilis (Fam. Fagaceae), has been reported based on field investigation, comparing specimen of Epmedii Folium and Q. variabilis,using the macroscopic, microscopic and TmC methods. It is resulted that they could be identified clearly not only by the macroscopic features, such as the vein character and the tooth apex, but also by the microscopic features, such as the vascular bundles of the midrib, the non-glandular hair, the anticlinal wall of the epidermis cell and the calcium oxalate crystal. Furthermore their TLC chromatograms showed also difference. This study will give reference for the identification of Epmedii Folium and the related supervision and inspection work.
China ; Discriminant Analysis ; Epimedium ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Quercus ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry

Puerariae Lobatae Radix, also known as Gegen, is a root derived from Pueraria lobata. Based on field investigation and the developmental anatomy of root tuber, we have elucidated the relationship between the growth of root tuber and the anomalous structure. The results of analysis showed that the root system of P. lobata was developed from seed and adventitious root and there existed root tuber, adventitious root and conductive root according to morphology and function. The root tuber was developed from adventitious root, its secondary structure conformed to the secondary structure of dicotyledon's root. With the development of root, the secondary phloem of root tuber appeared abnormal vascular tissue, which was distributed like ring in the outside of secondary vascular tissue. The root tuber might have 4-6 concentric circular permutation abnormal vascular tissuelobate, and was formed by the internal development of abnormal vascular tissue. The xylem and phloem of abnormal vascular tissue were the main body of the root tuber. The results reveal the abnormal anatomical structure development of P. lobata, also provides the theoretical basis for reasonable harvest medicinal parts and promoting sustainable utilization of resources of P. lobata.
Plant Roots ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Plant Tubers ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Pueraria ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development

AIM: To investigate the role of the insulin secretion as well as insulin sensitivity in the onset and development of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: This study included 38 normal glucose tolerance(NGT) subjects without family history of diabetes, 32 NGT and 36 impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) subjects who were the first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes, and 35 newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. ? cell function and insulin sensitivity were examined by using oral glucose-insulin release test (OG-IRT) with SIM reflecting insulin sensitivity and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) with AIR3-5 reflecting the first-phase insulin secretion function. AIR3-5 was calculated as the average incremental plasma insulin concentration from the third to the fifth minute after the glucose bolus. AIR3-5 and SIM were compared among the four groups. RESULTS : From NGT, IGT to type 2 diabetes, there was a decreasing tendency of the level of AIR3-5 and SIM, with NGT the highest, IGT the medium and T2DM the lowest. The level of the AIR3-5 in the subjects of NGT who were first - degree relatives of type 2 diabetes were lower than those of NGT without family history of diabetes( P 0.05) . CONCLUSION: Insulin secretion dysfunction may be the primary factor in the onset of type 2 diabetes. Along with the developing of IGT and type 2 diabetes, the insulin secretion and sensitivity decrease.

Through the construction practice of the optic nerve disease picture database,the paper discusses the system architecture,database field,data content,picture processing,organization and implementation,and other issues about the construction of the clinical case picture database,states and analyzes the operation effect,points out deficiencies,and provides reference for the construction of relevant picture databases.