OBJECTIVETo discuss the mechanical virtual reality when acupuncture on Jianliao (TE 14) so as to get perform perceptual knowledge of acupuncture for beginners through studying 3D reconstruction of surrounding tissues of this acupoint.

METHODSRelated tissues were segmented and reconstructed by establishing mathematics model based on the operational platform of VOXEL-MAN (vision reappearance); and mechanical model was constructed and fused with related data of virtual human (touch reappearance); data communication between the force feedback apparatus and the operational platform of virtual human were set up by interchanging vision reappearance module and touch reappearance module.

RESULTSIn Linux system, the operator could experience the mechanical changes while needle-tip passing various tissues of Jianliao (TE 14) as well as lifting and thrusting evenly in needling process through the force feedback apparatus.

CONCLUSIONBased on the platform of VOXEL-MAN, the sensation of needling at jianliao (TE 14) could be reappeared idealy by strength feedback instrument, so that the beginners could imitate, learn and practice the virtual acupuncture.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Therapy, Computer-Assisted ; User-Computer Interface

This paper discusses the application of virtual reality technology in the 3-D visible human body and acupuncture research. Based on the 3-D visible human fused with the localization information and hierarchy of acupoints, the paper analyzes the force against the needle and haptic rendering during the needle manipulation according to the physical properties of different tissues. A haptic model is constructed to demonstrate the force behaviors during acupuncture, and the force will be produced and passed to the manipulator by a force feedback device. It enriches the contents of 3-D visible human project, provides a dynamic simulation instrument for acupuncture teaching, and supplies a platform for acupuncture research.
Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; China ; Computer Simulation ; Feedback ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; User-Computer Interface ; Visible Human Projects

OBJECTIVETo explore an ideal method for repairing the skin-soft tissue defects according to the different anatomical units of cheek, and find reasonable design principles to transfer the expanded flaps.

METHODSAccording to the location of the defect, we placed 1-3 appropriate expanders nearby, when the flap expanded enough we adopted advanced skin flaps, rotation-advanced skin flaps or transposition skin flaps to repair the defect. In this group of 269 cases, the defects were secondary to hemangioma, various scars, nevus or nevus excision.

RESULTSIn all 269 cheek defects, 305 expanded flaps were developed which included 145 rotation-advanced flaps, 121 advanced skin flaps and 39 transposition skin flaps. 52 of them generated complications, including blood circulation disorder of the distal part of flaps, hematoma, infection, injection, lower eyelid ectropion, expander extrusion and capsule contracture. Mostly, these complications didn't affect the final results.

CONCLUSIONSThe principles presented in this article are the guidelines to treat the skin-soft tissue defect of check with tissue expansion. The satisfied results come from the reasonable flap designs.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cheek ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Tissue Expansion ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: Through analysis of ABO blood group gene typing technology, to assist in the identification of difficult clinical serological specimens. METHODS: A total of 10 forwardreverse typing ambiguous samples were collected from January 2021 to August 2021 in our hospital.ABO genotypes were analysed by gene sequencing. RESULTS: The genotypes of 10 ABO ambiguous blood group samples were A102/BW11, A102/BW12, O02/O02, A102/B303, A102/B101, BW11/O02, B101/O04, BW11/O01, BW11/O01, A101/O02, respectively. The genotype results of 6 cases was consistent with the serological phenotype, and the serological phenotype of 4 cases were different from the geno sequencing. CONCLUSION ABO blood groups genotyping technology combined with serological typing can be used for accurate typing of ambiguous blood group, and better ensure the safety of blood transfusion.
ABO Blood-Group System/genetics* ; Alleles ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Exons ; Genotype ; Phenotype

OBJECTIVE: To investigate a family with congenital dysfibrinogenemia, and analyze the risk of hemorrhage and thrombosis and blood transfusion strategies. METHODS: Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) of the proband and her family members were detected by automatic coagulometer, fibrinogen (Fg) activity and antigen were detected by Clauss method and PT algorithm respectively. Meanwhile, thromboelastometry was analyzed for proband and her family members. Then, peripheral blood samples of the proband and her family members were collected, and all exons of FGA, FGB and FGG and their flanks were amplified by PCR and sequenced to search for gene mutations. RESULTS: The proband had normal APTT and PT, slightly prolonged TT, reduced level of Fg activity (Clauss method). The Fg of the proband's aunt, son and daughter all decreased to varying degrees. The results of thromboelastogram indicated that Fg function of the proband and her family members (except her son) was basically normal. Gene analysis showed that there were 6233 G/A (p.AαArg35His) heterozygous mutations in exon 2 of FGA gene in the proband, her children and aunt. In addition, 2 polymorphic loci were found in the family, they were FGA gene g.9308A/G (p.AαThr331Ala) and FGB gene g.12628G/A (p.BβArg478Iys) polymorphism, respectively. The proband was injected with 10 units of cryoprecipitate 2 hours before delivery to prevent bleeding, and no obvious bleeding occurred during and after delivery. CONCLUSION Heterozygous mutation of 6233G/A (p.AαArg35His) of FGA gene is the biogenetic basis of the disease in this family with congenital dysfibrinogenemia.
Humans ; Child ; Female ; Fibrinogen/genetics* ; Pedigree ; Afibrinogenemia/genetics* ; Mutation ; Blood Transfusion

OBJECTIVETo construct DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) low expression 16HBE cell line and observe the variation of cell cycle and global genomic DNA methylation.

METHODSThe method of Lenti-virus induced RNA interference was applied to introduce four different shRNA fragment into 16HBE cells. Flow cytometry and 5-mC immunofluorescence methods were used to observe the cell cycle and global DNA methylation status of DNMT1 low expression 16HBE cells.

RESULTSThe DNMT1 protein relative expression level of 16HBE-shDNMT1-4 cell line was down regulated about 44% (P < 0.05) compared with the control. No obvious differences of cell cycle and global genome DNA methylation status were observed between the 16HBE and 16HBE-shDNMT1.

CONCLUSIONThe DNMT1 gene low expression cell is successfully constructed, and there are no obvious changes happened on the cell cycle and global genomic DNA methylation.

Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1 ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; Down-Regulation ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics

BACKGROUNDNoninvasive detection of vulnerable plaque has a significant implication for prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the difference between vulnerable plaques and stable plaques in magnetic resonance (MR) images.

METHODSAtherosclerosis was induced in twenty male New Zealand white rabbits by high cholesterol diet and balloon injury of the abdominal aorta. After baseline (pre-triggering) MR imaging (MRI) scan, the rabbits underwent pharmaceutical triggering with Russell's viper venom and histamine to induce atherothrombosis, followed by another MRI scan 48 hours later (post-triggering). Rabbits were euthanized to obtain pathological and histological data. The results of MRI were compared with those of pathology and histology.

RESULTSMRI showed that abdominal aorta of the rabbits had pathological change of atherosclerosis in different degrees. Seventy-five plaques were analysed, among which 14 had vulnerable thrombi and 61 stable. Thrombosis was identified in 7 of 11 rabbits by post-triggering MRI, the sensitivity and K value of MR in detection of vulnerable plaque was 71% and 0.803 (P < 0.05). MRI data significantly correlated with the histopathological data in fibrous cap thickness (r = 0.749) plaque area (r = 0.853), lipid core area (r = 0.900). Compared with stable plaques, vulnerable plaques had a significantly thinner fibrous cap ((0.58 ± 0.27) mm vs. (0.95 ± 0.22) mm), larger lipid core area ((7.56 ± 2.78) mm(2) vs. (3.29 ± 1.75) mm(2)), and a higher ratio of lipid core area/plaque area ((55 ± 16)% vs. (27 ± 17)%), but plaque area was comparable in two groups on MRI. The ratio of lipid core area/plaque area was a strong predictor of vulnerable plaques.

CONCLUSIONMRI could distinguish vulnerable plaques from stable plaques in a rabbit model of atherothrombosis and may thus be useful as a noninvasive modality for detection of vulnerable plaques in humans.

Animals ; Aorta, Abdominal ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; pathology ; Rabbits ; Thrombosis ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo detect the expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and evaluate their value in predicting the radiotherapy sensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

METHODSThe expressions of COX-2 and bFGF were detected immunohistochemically in biopsy samples of NPC, and their relationship with the radiotherapy sensitivity of the tumors were analyzed.

RESULTSIn 97 NPC cases, the positivity rates of COX-2 and bFGF were 71.1% (69/97) and 64.9% (63/97), respectively. Correlation analysis demonstrated that a positive COX-2 expression was positively correlated with an advanced T status and N status, and bFGF expression was positively associated with an advanced N status in NPCs. In radiotherapy-sensitive and radiotherapy-insensitive cases, the positive rate of COX-2 was 62.8% and 92.6%, and that of bFGF was 57.1% and 85.2%, respectively. The expression of COX-2 was positively correlated with that of bFGF (r=0.486, P<0.05). The radiotherapy sensitivity differed significantly among patients with different statuses of COX-2 and bFGF positivity.

CONCLUSIONCOX-2 and bFGF can be effective and sensitive biomarkers for predicting radiotherapy sensitivity in NPC.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the surgical options and clinical effects of delayed osteoporotic vertebral collapse.

METHODSFrom May 2010 to October 2014, 19 patients (20 vertebrae) with delayed osteoporotic vertebral collapse(Kümmell's disease) were enrolled in this study. There were 7 males and 12 females, aged from 65 to 87 years old with a mean of (73.5±5.62) years. According to Li staging system of Kümmell's disease, 3 cases were stage II, 13 cases (14 vertebrae) were stage III without spinal cord injury, 3 cases were stage III with spinal cord injury. Patients were respectively treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP) or percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP) on the basis of the degree of postural reduction during operation. Injected cement volume, cement leakage, vertebral height restoration and local kyphotic reduction were observed. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) were respectively used to assess the pain and function before and after operation. Frankel grade were used to evaluate neurological status.

RESULTSSeven vertebrae with satisfactory postural reduction were treated with PVP, 13 vertebrae with unsatisfactory postural reduction were treated with PKP, 3 patients with spinal cord injury were treated with decompression and posterior short segment fixation at the same time. All patients were followed up from 10 to 48 months with an average of 21.2 months. Cement leakage occurred in 4 cases with no symptom, 1 cases in PVP group and 3 cases in PKP group, there was no significant difference between two groups(=0.561). The priming volume of cement was (6.40±0.94) ml in PVP group and (5.46±1.09) ml in PKP group (>0.05). Three days after operation vs preoperation, the vertebral height restoration and kyphotic improvement was(31.71±11.35)%, (9.79±4.64)° in PVP group and (24.77±8.51)%, (8.15±2.97)° in PKP. There was no significant difference between two groups(>0.05). Three days after operation, VAS of low back pain and ODI in all patients were improved than preoperative data(<0.05), but there was no significant difference between two groups or between postoperative at 3 d and final follow up(>0.05). Nerve function of 3 patients underwent decompression and fixation from Frankel D to E.

CONCLUSIONSAccording to Li staging system and the degree of introperative postural reduction, individualized surgical treatment for Kümmell's disease can obtain good clinical results. Bad postural reduction during operation maybe a risk factor of cement leakage.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the problem difficult to be presented for nerves and blood vessels in the 3D reconstruction of acupoints through studying 3D reconstruction of Jianliao (TE 14).

METHODSMuscles and other tissues were segmented by applying cointeractive segmentation method based on chromatic characteristic space; the nerve and blood vessels can be reconstructed by establishing mathematics model, and the needle-inserting animation of Jianliao (TE 14) could be obtained by running script file.

RESULTSDuring the course of 3D needle-inserting animation of Jianliao (TE 14), the spatial location between all kinds of tissues including the nerve and blood vessels and the needle body could be systematically observed.

CONCLUSIONThe difficulty of presenting the nerve and blood vessels in the study on 3D reconstruction of acupoints can be resolved by establishing mathematics model. The generation of 3D animation for acupoints with the nerve and blood vessels is benefit to acupuncture teaching and study on the essence of acupoints and channels.

Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Muscles ; anatomy & histology ; Nervous System ; anatomy & histology