Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1(S1PR1) is a new member of G protein-coupled receptor family. A great body of data suggest S1PR1 is capable of regulating lots of downstream signaling molecules and cellular processes. It is found that S1P/S1PR1 plays an important role in the development and mainte-nance of pain. However, it is controversial whether activation of S1PR1 would enhance or attenuate pain. Here, recent studies ＜br> and current perspectives are discussed in order to better under-stand the biological and pathological roles of S1PR1 in pain mod-ulation.

Pain has been defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that is associated with actual or potential tissue damage,or is described in terms of such damage.Pain individual difference increases the complexity of clinical diagnosis and treatment of pain.China started relatively late on pain research and standardized pain treatment.It is necessary for further research on pain related to the clinical problem,the development of pain translational medicine,and improvement of clinical quality.The paper carries on the review.

Objective To discuss the pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of delayed traumatic intracerebral hematoma.Methods The clinic data of traumatic delayed intracranial hematoma patients in this hospital were retro- spectively analyzed.According to clinic observation and CT re-examination,47 cases were diagnosed as delayed trau- matic intracranial hematoma(45 cases by operative treatment,and the other 2 by conservative treatment).Results There were 21 cases of recovery,10 cases of slight disability,8 cases of severe disability,8 cases of death.The total mortality rate was 17 %.Conclusion Brain contusion,subarachnoid hemorrhage and skull base fracture were impor- tant factors of DTICH.Fine-observation and prompt CT re-examination offered excellent results for DTICH.

Adult ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; therapy ; Respiration, Artificial ; methods ; Ventilators, Mechanical

BACKGROUND: Myelin sheath related inhibitors have been found to have great impact on microenvironment of axon regeneration. Traditional Chinese medicine is gradual y becoming a research hotspot on improving microenvironment of nerve regeneration with its advantage on multiple factors and targets.
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the effect of Jisuikang on Nogo-66 receptor NgR expression after spinal cord injury.
METHODS: 144 rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham surgery group, model group, prednisone group, high-, moderate- and low-dose Jisuikang groups (n=24). Animal models of spinal cord injury were established by the modified Allen’s method in the later five groups. Rats in the prednisone group were daily given 0.06 g/kg prednisone acetate by lavage, once a day. Rats in the high-, moderate- and low-dose Jisuikang groups were daily intragastrically given 12.5, 25 and 50 g/kg Jisuikang, once a day. Rats in the sham surgery and model groups were intragastrically daily given 20 mL of saline, once a day. Rats in each group were administered drugs until death.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, NgR protein and mRNA expression levels were significantly lower in the prednisone, moderate-and low-dose Jisuikang groups. These data suggested that Jisuikang can improve the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury and effectively inhibit NgR protein expression at the site of injury so as to suppress the microenvironment factors harmful to nerve regeneration and further improve the microenvironment of nerve regeneration. Subject headings: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Spinal Cord Injuries; Axons; Tissue Engineering

At present,the doctor-patient relationship in China is a little tense,communication between doctors and patients is not smooth,and the doctor-patient communication skills of the young doctor is obviously insufficient and need to be improved.In this paper,we analyze the factors that affect the communication between doctors and patients in the Department of Neurology through the complexity of professional knowledge,the current background and so on.In addition,we discuss multiple methods of improving communication capability among this group doctors,hoping to strengthen young physicians' clinical basic skills training,and impart doctor-patient communication skills from the linguistic modifiers,oral expression,words and deeds,use of metaphor,simulation training and other aspects,and establish dynamic assessment system of doctor-patient communication ability.

Animals ; Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fatigue ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Learning ; drug effects ; Male ; Memory ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; metabolism

Animals ; Hexanes ; blood ; toxicity ; Kidney ; drug effects ; pathology ; Liver ; drug effects ; pathology ; Lung ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the effect of Jisuikang on neural functional recovery, and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein and mRNA level after spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods 144 female Sprague-Dawley rats, weighted 180 to 220 g, were used for experiment. 24 rats were randomly extracted into sham group (Group A), which had their vertebral plates and spines bitten away only.The others were randomly divided into model group (Group B), prednison group (Group C), and high, middle and low doses of Jisuikang group (Groups D to F) after SCI, 24 rats in each group. Group C was given 0.06 g/(kg ⋅ d) prednison, and Groups D to F were given 50, 25 and 12.5 g/(kg ⋅d) Jisuikang respectively, which were given 20 ml/(kg ⋅d) volume by intragastric administration. Groups A and B were given the same volume of normal saline (NS). The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores and oblique board test were applied to test the postoperative results 24 hours, 3, 7 and 14 days after SCI. The rats were executed and the spinal cord tissues were extracted 3, 7 and 14 days after SCI. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and RQ-PCR were applied to test the expression of protein and mRNA of BDNF. Results BBB scores and angle of oblique board test were significantly lower in Groups B to F than in Group A 24 hours after SCI (P<0.01). BBB scores were higher in both Groups C and E than in Group B 3 to 14 days after SCI (P<0.05), and was significantly higher in Group E than in the other groups 14 days after SCI (P<0.01). The results of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting showed that the protein expression of BDNF were significantly higher in Groups C and E than in Group B at different time points in the injured area after SCI (P<0.01), while there was no significant difference between Groups C and E (P>0.05). The results of RQ-PCR showed that prednisone and Jisuikang promoted the expression of BDNF mRNA. Group C (prednisone) had a most obvious effect at the beginning while Group E was better than Group C 14 days after SCI. Conclusion Jisuikang can promote the neural functional recovery and the expression of BDNF on both protein and mRNA level in SCI rats.

Objective To observe the rate-adaptive response of dual sensor pacemakers integrated with activity sensor and minute ventilation sensor.Methods Fifty patients with chronotrepic incompetence were implanted with pacemakers of integrated sensor.The patients with pacemakers implanted were arranged to take upstairs test,downstairs test and tapping test under the monitor of integrated sensor,minute ventilation sensor and activity sensor respectirely.The rate-adaptive responses were tracked down every 15 seconds with remote heart rate monitor.The results were compared with the control group patients with normal sinal chronotropic function(n=15).Results In activity sensor group,pacing rates were significantly higher than the normal control group in downstairs test and tapping test.In minute ventilation sensor group,pacing rates increasement was significantly slower in the beginning of upstairs test.Pacing rates of integrated group were similar to the normal control group in upstairs and downstairs tests.Conclusion The rate-adaptive pacing response of dual sensor integrated with activity sensor and minute ventilation sensor,which is mostly close to the normal chronotropic response,better than that of single sensor.