Animals ; Female ; Hypoxia ; prevention & control ; Ketamine ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Selenium ; pharmacology ; Tea

Objective To investigate the effect of perioperative pulmonary infection in elderly patients with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing general anesthesia.Methods Forty elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia and abdominal surgery, 24 males, 16 females, aged 65-81 years, ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ, BMI 19-28 kg/m2, were randomly divided into two groups (n=20 each): protective ventilation group (group PV) and conventional ventilation group (group CV).Lung protective ventilation was received in group PV: intermittent positive pressure ventilation, tidal volume 6 ml/kg (ideal body weight), positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) 5-10 cm H2O, alveolar recruitment maneuver every 30 minutes;conventional ventilation was received in group CV: intermittent positive pressure ventilation, tidal volume 10 ml/kg (ideal body weight), without using the PEEP and alveolar recruitment maneuver.Venous blood samples for interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were taken at five different time points: before the anesthesia induction (T1), 2 h after mechanical ventilation (T2), at the end of operation (T3), 6 h (T4) and 24 h (T5) after operation.The clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) was recorded at before anesthesia, days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after surgery.The incidence of postoperative pulmonary inflammation was also recorded.Results There was no statistical difference in the two groups with respect to age, body mass index, ASA physical status, intraoperative volume of infusion, estimated blood loss, urine volume, mechanical ventilation time, operation method and IL-6, IL-8 levels at T1-T5.Compared with T1, the IL-6 and IL-8 levels in two groups at T2-T5 increased significantly (P＜0.05).Compared that before anesthesia, CPIS in group CV on postoperative days 1, 3 and 5 increased significantly (P＜0.05);compared with group CV, CPIS and the incidence of postoperative pulmonary inflammation in group PV reduced significantly on postoperative days 1, 3 and 5 (P＜0.05).Conclusion Lung protective ventilation can not reduce perioperative IL-6, IL-8 levels in laparotomy elderly patients with COPD, but it can reduce the incidence of pulmonary inflammation and pulmonary infection within 5 postoperative days.

OBJECTIVETo explore correlation between lung and large intestine and the two meridians under pathological condition in the view of meridian theory.

METHODSNinety-six cases of bronchial asthma were applied palpation at the running course of 12 regular meridians under the elbow and knees and back-shu points. And abnormal reactions were recorded, the affected meridians and back-shu points were discovered.

RESULTSThe abnormal reactions most frequently appeared on the Lung Meridian, followed by the Large Intestine Meridian, the Spleen Meridian, the Liver Meridian, the Stomach Meridian and the Triple Energizer Meridian. And the unusual reaction of the back-shu points most frequently appeared on Feishu (BL 13), and Dachangshu (BL 25) and Pishu (BL 21) followed as the next two.

CONCLUSIONThe existence of correlation between the Lung Meridian and the Large Intestine Meridians under pathological condition can be proved through meridian and acupoint palpation on bronchial asthma patients.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asthma ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Intestine, Large ; physiopathology ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Male ; Meridians ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) and moxibustion (Moxi) pretreatment on myocardial pathological and structural changes and expression of autophagy related protein LC 3 Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Beclin 1 in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI), so as to explore their mechanisms underlying improving MI/RI. METHODS: Forty SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation, model, ischemic preconditioning (IP), EA and Moxi groups (n＝8 in each group). EA (10 Hz/50 Hz，1 mA) or Moxi (ignited moxa stick) was respectively applied to bilateral "Neiguan"(PC 6) for 20 min, once daily for 7 days. The MI/RI model was established by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery for 40 min, followed by reperfusion for 60 min. The left ventricular (LV) tissue samples were collected and analyzed for pathological (H.E. staining) and ultrastructural changes, for myocardial apoptosis (apoptotic index＝ number of apoptotic cells/total number of cardiomyocytes×100%) with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method, and for the expression of LC 3 and Beclin 1 in myocardial cells with Western blot. RESULTS: Following MI/RI, H．E. staining revealed a disorder of arrangement of cardiomyocytes with vague border, inflammatory cell infiltration, intracellular swelling with bleeding, necrosis and dissolution of partial striated muscles of the left ventricle under light microscope, and dual staining of Uranyl acetate and leadnitrate showed atrophy, arrangement disorder, dissolution, necrosis, and interstitial edema of partial myocardial fibers, mitochondrial structural disorder, vacolation, and large body of autophagosomes with bilayers, etc. in ultrastructure, which was relatively lighter in both EA and Moxi groups. The apoptosis index, expression levels of myocardial LC 3 Ⅱ and Beclin 1 and the ratio of LC 3 Ⅱ/LC 3 Ⅰ were significantly higher in the model group than those in the sham operation group (P<0.01), but the expression level of LC 3 Ⅰ was considerably down-regulated in the model group relevant to the sham operation group (P<0.01). Following the intervention and MI preconditioning, the increased apoptosis index and expression levels of LC 3Ⅱ and Beclin 1 proteins and the ratio of LC 3Ⅱ/LC 3 Ⅰ were obviously down-regulated in the IP, EA and Moxi groups relevant to the model group (P<0.01), and the decreased expression of LC 3 Ⅰ protein was up-regulated obviously in the 3 treatment groups (P<0.05，P<0.01). The effects of EA were significantly superior to those of IP and Moxi groups in down-regulating apoptosis index and expression of LC 3 Ⅱ and Beclin 1 and the ratio of LC 3 Ⅱ/LC 3 Ⅰ and in up-regulating expression of LC 3 Ⅰ (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Both EA and Moxi preconditioning of PC 6 have a protective effect on ischemic myocardium in MI/RI rats, which is probably related to their effects in regulating expression of myocardial autophagy proteins as LC 3 Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Beclin 1.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of nasal colonization among health care workers(HCWs).METHODS Nasal swabs from 93 ICU workers and 98 other clinical workers were cultured and isolated and the tests of antibiotic susceptibility were performed by using paper diffusion method.RESULTS In total,214 isolates of 8 species from 191 health care workers were recovered,of which 187 isolates were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(CNS)(the carriage rate of 93.71%) and 8 isolates were Staphylococcus aureus(the carriage rate of 4.19%).While the total Gram-negative bacteria carriage rate was 14.14%(27 isolates).The most frequent CNS species were S.epidermidis and S.haemolyticus.The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of S.aureus and CNS differed sharply: all 8 S.aureus strains were resistant to penicillin but were fully susceptible to oxacillin,in contrast,most of CNS were resistant to both penicillin and oxacillin.The carriage rate of CNS(60.2%)and Gram-negative bacteria(26.9%)in HCWs of ICU were higher than other HCWs(P

Objective To explore the difference of abstract color preference among different genders,ages and education levels of hospitalized patients with neurosis.Methods The abstract color preference test was conducted in 223 inpatients with neurosis by adopting the paired comparison method.Results (1) The color preferences order in different genders of neurosis patients tended to be consistent (U=2.606,P＜0.01),green was always the most preferred color,black was the least preferred color,the preference difference had no statistical significance (P＞0.05).(2) The color preferences order in different ages of neurosis patients tended to be consistent(x2 =20.27,P＜0.01).The most preferred color of the patients in 18-30 years old group was yellow,which in ＞ 30 years old group was green,the preference difference had no statistical significance (P＞0.05).(3) The color preferences order in different education years of neurosis patients tended to be consistent(x2 =19.49,P＜0.05).The primary school and illiteracy group preferred red,and the middle school and above group preferred green;the preference difference of orange,white and black in different educational levels of neurosis patients had statistical significance(x2 =6.325,12.491,10.445,P =0.042,0.002,0.005).Conclusion The abstract color preferences of neurosis inpatients with different genders and ages have no obvious difference.The cold and warm color preferences of neurosis patients with different education levels are different.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the role of Jiangzhi Xiaoban Tablet (JXT) in improving heartfunction of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and speckle trackingimaging (STI) technology.

METHODSRecruited were 60 inpatients with confirmed CHD by coronary angiography at First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2013to November 2014. They were assigned to the treatment group (group A) and the control group (groupB) according to random digit table, 30 cases in each group. Patients in group A took JXT, 0.45 g/tablet,4 tablets each time, 3 times per day, while those in group B took Simvastatin Tablet, 20 mg/tablet, 1 tablet each time, once per evening. The therapeutic course for all was 8 weeks. The long axis view of theheart of 18 segments STI Peak strain LS and TDI peak systolic Sa parameters were performed in all patients before and after treatment.

RESULTSBefore treatment segments of STI strain LS and TDI longitudinal peak systolic peak Sa were not statistically different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Each segment of STI peak longitudinal strain LS and TDI peak systolic Sa in the two groups were higher after treatment than before treatment (P < 0.05). After treatment each segment of STI parameters of LS and eachTDI segment parameters of Sa were significantly lower in group B than in group A (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONJXT could improve heart function of CHD patients to different degrees, and its curative effect was betterthan that of routine Western medicine (Simvastatin Tablets) treatment.

Coronary Artery Disease ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Heart ; drug effects ; Humans ; Simvastatin ; therapeutic use ; Tablets

AIM and METHODS: To investigate the effect of electrical stimulation of VSA on the firing of thermosensitive neurons in preoptic anterior hypothalamus (POAH), the firing rate of thermosensitive neurons in POAH of 20 New Zealand white rabbits was recorded by using extracellular microelectrode techinque. RESULTS: (1)Electrical stimulation of ventral septal area (VSA) caused a significant increase in firing rate of warm-sensitive neurons in the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus(POAH).(2) The firing rate of cold-sensitive neurons was decreased remarkably in the POAH by electrical stimulation of VSA. CONCLUSION: VSA may play a controlling role in the thermoregulation through altering the firing rate of thermosensitive neurons in the POAH .

AIM and METHODS:To investigate the effect of electrical stimulation of VSA on the firing of thermosensitive neurons in preoptic anterior hypothalamus (POAH), the firing rate of thermosensitive neurons in POAH of 20 New Zealand white rabbits was recorded by using extracellular microelectrode techinque. RESULTS:(1)Electrical stimulation of ventral septal area (VSA) caused a significant increase in firing rate of warm-sensitive neurons in the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus(POAH).(2) The firing rate of cold-sensitive neurons was decreased remarkably in the POAH by electrical stimulation of VSA. CONCLUSION:VSA may play a controlling role in the thermoregulation through altering the firing rate of thermosensitive neurons in the POAH.

INTRODUCTIONSingapore had its first case of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 on 26 May 2009. As of 3 August 2009, 440 children with confirmed H1N1were admitted to KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH).

MATERIALS AND METHODSThis is a retrospective case control study of children admitted from 26 May 2009 to 19 July 2009 with H1N1infection. Cases and controls were first differentiated by whether they were complicated or non-complicated in nature, and subsequently analysed with regards to possible independent risk factors.

RESULTSWe analysed 143 admitted children; 48 cases and 95 controls (1: 2 ratio). Significant comorbidity was found in 20.3% (n = 29) of patients with the majority having asthma (n = 18, 12.6 %) followed by obesity (n = 7, 4.9%). Binary logistic regression analysis showed risk factors for complicated disease were comorbidity (adjusted OR 6.0, 95% CI, 2.5 to 14.6, P < 0.0001) and age <2 years (adjusted OR 9.8, 95% CI, 2.4 to 40, P = 0.001). Age less than 5 years was not found to be a risk factor.

CONCLUSIONIn the early stages of an evolving influenza epidemic when oseltamivir stocks are low, oseltamivir treatment for influenza can be streamlined and offered to those at highest risk who are under 2 years old or have significant comorbidity to prevent complicated disease.

Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; complications ; Bronchitis ; complications ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Fluid Therapy ; Gastritis ; virology ; Gastroenteritis ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; complications ; Male ; Obesity ; complications ; Oseltamivir ; therapeutic use ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seizures ; complications ; Singapore