Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can effectively suppress thehuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication andsignificantly reduce morbidity and mortality of HIV-infectedpatients,which howevercan't completely remove the virus,and eventually progressinto chronic viral-infection disease.Chronic HIVinfection destroys host immune system,leading to intestinal barrier damage,intestinal mucosal dysfunction,microbial translocation,and further accelerates the disease progress.The reconstruction of intestinalmicroflora balance and improvement of intestinal mucosa function areessential to reestablish the host immune system.This paper will review the current research advanceson intestinal barrier damage of HIV infection and gut-target therapy of AIDS.The aim is to provide valid evidences for further research targeting improvement of treatment strategiesandreduction of morbidity and mortality in HIV infection.

Objective:To probe the correlation of intra-operative hyaluronic acid(HA) changes with hepatic allografts cold ischemia reperfusion injury in liver transplantation.Methods:The patients with orthotopic liver transplantation were assigned to 3 groups:① group A :liver allografts were stored in University of Wisconsin's solution(0℃) for 5-6 h before implantation;② group B :liver allografts were stored in U W's solution(0℃) for 8-9 h before implantation;③ group C :liver allografts were stored in U W's solution(0℃) for 12 h before implantation.The serum samples were taken up at 5 min,60 min,120 min,180 min after the donor liver was transplanted and reperfused to detect the concentration of HA.Results:After donor liver was transplanted and reperfused,serum HA concentration decreased immediately and gradually.HA decreased rate :group A 4.58 ?g/L?min-1,group B 4.16 ?g/L?min-1,group C 2.26 ?g/L?min-1.Serum HA decrease rate was faster in group A and B than that in group C(P

Biopsy ; methods ; Drainage ; Humans ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; etiology ; therapy ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; methods ; Salvage Therapy

Objective To evaluate the effect of cold ischemia on the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and hepatic regeneration in liver grafts.Methods Partial liver transplantation model in rats was developed. The rats were divided into 3 groups: control group receiving 50 % liver resection,experimental group 1 receiving partial liver transplantation 30 min after cold ischemia and experimental group 2 receiving partial liver transplantation 10 hr after cold ischemia. The expression of the proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA),TNF-? and IL-10 in liver tissues obtained on the postoperative day 1,2 and 4 in rats was detected by using immunohistochemical method. Correlation analysis was performed on the liver proliferation and regeneration,and the expression of TNF-? and IL-10.Results The survival rate in control group,experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 was 100 % , 79 % and 29 % respectively. In the experimental group 2,the expression of PCNA,TNF-? was significantly decreased,while the expression of IL-10 increased as compared with that in experimental group 1 (both P

Objective To summarize experience of selection of donors of living related liver transplantation (LRLT) for Wilson’s Disease.Methods Twenty-nine cases of Wilson’s disease were subjected to LRLT in our center. A retrospective data analysis was carried on 70 potential donors. Results Twenty-three of the 70 potential donors were excluded. The causes were as follows: family and traditional background (n=10, 43.5 % ), copper metabolism abnormality, serum ceruloplasmin 100 ?g (n=6, 26.1 % ), hepatic steatosis (n=4, 17.4 % ) and hepatitis B (n=3, 13 %). The grafts were right liver (n=10) and left liver (n=19). Graft-recipient weight ratio was ( 1.38 ? 0.44 ) %. All donors recovered completely. Perioperative surgical complications occurred in 3 donors and were cured without reoperation, temporary biliary leakages (n=2) as well as postoperative bleeding from the wound of liver (n=1). Conclusions Major impact on living relative donors for Wilson’s Disease is traditional background, copper metabolism abnormalities, hepatitis B and hepatic steatosis. Comprehensive preoperative evaluation of potential donors and harvesting liver surgery innovation ensure the donor safety and graft quality.

Protein Kinase C (PKC) is an important messenger in intracellular signal transduction. So far, at least 11 members of PKC isoforms have been isolated and purified. The mutation of the non-synonymous SNP (1425G/A) of the η isoform of protein kinase C (PKC η), a protein kinase Cη gene (PRKCH) may result in the increased PKCη activity, which is considered as a new risk factor for lacunar infarction. In recent years, the studies about the role of PRKCH in cell differentiation and apoptosis and its relation with some signal transduction pathways have made some new advances, especially, PKCη participates in the regulation of some key enzyme activity that mitogen-activated protein kinase, inducible nitric oxide-synthase and matrix metalloproteinase are closely correlated with the process of atherosclerosis. It will provide a new way of thinking for the clinical intervention of cerebral infarction in the future.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neural Conduction ; physiology ; Paraplegia ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Sural Nerve ; physiopathology

Objective To calculate the social economic burden of mental illness,and to analyze the economic impact of different patients with mental illness in Shandong Province.Methods Direct method was used to calculate the direct economic burden,and human capital method was employed to estimate the indirect economic burden.Results The social economic burden increased from 10.076 billion in 2005 to 31.277 billion in 2013,and the proportion of the social economic burden accounting for GDP of Shandong province was between 0.5 ％ ～ 0.7％.The economic burden caused by women,18-39 years old patients,rural patients and mood disorders was higher than that of men,more than 55 years-old patients,urban patients and other diagnoses,respectively.Conclusions The economic burden brought by mental illness was heavy and increasing during 2005-2013.The economic burden caused by different people was heterogeneous.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of septicemia and septic shock in elderly patients with liver disease. Methods Fifty-two patients over 60 years old with liver disease and positive blood culture, admitted form 1999 to 2003, were enrolled for analysis. Results Septic shock was found in 8 patients (15.4%). The course of sepsis was complicated by progressive deterioration of hepatic and renal functions. 18 patients (34.6%) died or left the hospital in a critical condition. 52 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, among which 71.2% were G +germ, 26.9% G -germ and 1.9% fungi. Conclusion Septicemia and septic shock can exacerbate liver disease. Early diagnosis and treatment should be emphasized to lower the mortality.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and developmental coordination disorder(DCD) are both childhood disorders identified in the DSM-Ⅳ.Studies investigating ADHD have found that around half of ADHD cases also have motor problems severe enough to be diagnosed as DCD.Further,children initially diagnosed as DCD have also been found to meet moderate to severe diagnosis for ADHD.Both disorders have been linked to a lot of psychosocial problems.Furthermore,when ADHD and DCD are co-morbid,the outcome tends to be more severe than when either disorder occurs alone.In the past decade,many studies identified shown that ADHD children experienced difficulties with both fine motor movements and gross motor movements.Notably,most of these foregoing studies found balance functions of ADHD were impaired.In order to maintain balance under a verity of environmental conditions,sensory information from somatosensory,visual,and vestibular origins must be integrated by the central nervous system.But there are rich evidences suggesting that children with ADHD can not organize the motor information effectively.The maintenance and control of posture and balance,whether in static or dynamic conditions,are essential requirements for daily activity.The balance function has been closely associated not only with both gross motor movements,such as sitting,standing,walking and fine motor movements,but also with human behaviors.There are increasing evidences suggesting that balance deficit correlates with symptoms of ADHD.Therefore,motor coordination difficulties co-occurring with ADHD should be given emphasis in clinical practice;the training of balance may be one of the possible methods to improve the motor coordination function in ADHD children.