Objective To explore the related factors of the relapse of schizophrenics in unwell developed economic areas.Methods To analyze 718 schizophrenics by single and multiple stepwise regression analyses to explore whether relapse of schizophrenia was related to those factors.Results 2.8％ experienced one time relapse, 14.2％ experienced two times relapse and 83％ three times. The rate of schizophrenic relapse was in turn correlated with treatment compliance, treatment intervention, marriage, clinical features, psychological stress,social support, the way of forming disease, medical expenses and condition of access to medical care. Conclusions More attention should be paid to the factors causing schizophrenic relapse and wider measures of prevention and treatment should be taken.

In the article, it thinks that moral lacking of advertisement is the basic reason which leads to intensified illegal medical advertisement. The main reasons for moral lacking of advertisement: imperfect legal system of medical advertisement, indifferent ethical consciousness of medical advertisement, insufficient social supervision of medical advertisement. Therefore, we should perfect the legislation, establish the correct advertising moral concept, improve the quality of advertising employees, and realize the function of social supervision fully.

OBJECTIVE:To get a clear idea about current situation and trend of the application of eye drops in hospital of Shanghai so as to provide the information for rational clinical application and development of new preparations.METHODS:The kinds and amount of commercial eye drops,used in 47 hospital in Shanghai for the years 1997～2001,were analysed and evaluated.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The amount of consumption of eye drops was increased year by year.The new type with good quality was received by clinical physicians.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the situation of use of therapeutic drugs for benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH) in hospitals of Shanghai and to make OBJECTIVE: evaluation as reference for production,sale and consumption departments.METHODS: To investigate the BPH drugs used in 47 hospitals of Shanghai during the 1999 - 2001 period in respect to the amunt of consumption, kinds, sum of money of consumption, DDDs and clinical evaluation .RESULTS: Consumption of BPH drugs was increasing in recent years, but kinds of drugs had no obvious change, major drugs for BPH were Finasteride, Tamsulosin and Prostat .CONCLUSION: Therapeutic drugs for BPH are common drugs, but price is very expensive.To speed up the reseach and development of drugs in our country and to advocate the use of domestic products are suggested.

OBJECTIVE:To get a clear idea about the situation of application of hypolipemic agents in hospitals of Shanghai so as to provide information for departments of production,sale and consumption METHODS:The kind,amount,sum of money and DDDs of hypolipemic agents,used in 47 hospitals in Shanghai during the period 1999～2001,were analysed RESULTS:Vastatin,Fibrate and Chinese materia medica were the most commonly used drugs;Simvastatin,Zhibituo and Fenofibrate occupied the front places in amount of consumption;The sales volume of Zocor(Simvastatin)Pravachol and Xuezhikang was at the top of list;Simvastatin,Fluvastatin,Xuezhikang and Fenofibrate revealed increasing tendency and Gemfibrozil,Zhibituo,Duoxikang and Chondroitine showed decreasing tendency in clinical use CONCLUSION:The market prospects of hypolipemic agents will be wide and bright

Objective To study the clinical characteristics,pathologic change,surgical treatment and survival rate of primary hepatic carcinoma complicated with cancer embolus of biliary tract (PHC-CEBT).Methods Case analysis data,clinical manifestation and pathological findings of 16 cases of PHC were comprehensively analyzed in our hospital.Results No death case was seen after resection. The survival time of 2 patients without tumor resection were 2 5～4 5 months,other 14 patients with tumor resection were 1～4 5 years.Conclusions Surgical operation treatment of PHC-CEBT is effective,it can increase the survival rate and improve life quality.

In mice, adriamycin (l7.5mg/kg, ip ) produced heart peroxida-tion abnormality including increased TBA value & decreased gluta-thione peroxidase activity, respectively. But the change of former was not parallel to the latter. The drug also produced early pathological change of the heart i.e. more D-PAS positiveness. The results suggested that the early heart pathological change produced by adriamycin may be related to increased accumulation of pero-xi dative products.

BACKGROUND: Inadequate hyperventilation may trigger cerebrovascular contraction and lead to lowered cerebral perfusion and oxygen supply-demand imbalance.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of hyperventilation on oxygen saturation in the internal jugular vein, difference in oxygen and lactic acid contents between the cerebral arteries and veins in patients with serious traumatic brain injury.DESIGN: Case analysis.SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University.PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen patients who received emergency operations in the First Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University between January and July 2002.METHODS: Patients with traumatic brain injury underwent operation under general anesthesia, and the PaCO2 was maintained at 30 mm Hg for 15 minutes by regulating the respiration rate, followed by decrease to 25 mm Hg, maintained for 15 minutes before restoration to 30 mm Hg for 15 minutes. The fractional concentration of inspired oxygen was adjusted to maintain blood PaO2 at around 100-150 mm Hg, and the blood sample was collected from the artery and internal jugular vein 15 minutes after adjustment of PaCO2 for blood gas analysis. The PaO2 was then increased to 200-250 mm Hg by increasing the fractional concentration of inspired oxygen, and the PaCO2 was adjusted from 30 to 25 and then back to 30 mm Hg in the described manner, and the oxygen saturation in the internal jugular vein, difference in oxygen and lactic acid contents between the arteries and the veins were measured.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Influence of blood PaO2 and PaCO2 on oxygen saturation in the internal jugular vein, difference in oxygen and lactic acid contents between the arteries and the veins.RESULTS: Sixteen patients met the diagnostic criteria and completed data collection. The arterial PaCO2 decreased from 30 to 25 mm Hg when arterial blood oxygen pressure increased from 100-150 to 200-250 mm Hg, which leads to obvious decrease of oxygen saturation in the internal jugular vein and obvious increased difference in oxygen content between the cerebral artery and vein. However the absolute value of oxygen saturation in the internal jugular vein was obviously higher at PaO2 of 200-250 mm Hg than that at PaO2 of 100-150 mm Hg, while the absolute value of cerebral arteriovenous difference of brain oxygen content was obviously lower. Compared to the basal level, the arteriovenous lactic acid difference was obviously increased at PaO2 of 100-150 mm Hg,PaCO2 of 30 and 25 mm Hg, and at PaO2 of 200-250 mm Hg and PaCO2 of 25 mm Hg.CONCLUSION: Relatively higher PaO2 (200-250 mm Hg) and mild hyperventilation (PaCO2 of 30 mm Hg) has no obvious effect on brain oxygen supply-demand balance.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of susceptibility weighted imaging in intracranial capillary telangiectasia. Methods Clinical and imaging data of 1 3 cases with pathologically proved intracranial telangiectasia were collected.All 1 3 patients were examined with conventional MRI and SWI scanning,five patients were checked with MRA while other six cases were examined by CT scanner,and the results were compared.Results All 13 patients had multiple lesions and a total of 176 lesions were detected by SWI,exhibiting hypointense with possiblely punctate hyperintense in the center .Fifty-two lesions were detected by T1 weighted imaging;105 lesions were detected by T2 weighted imaging;112 lesions were detected by fluid attenuated inversion recovery;69 lesions were detected by diffusion weighted imaging;6 9 lesions were detected by apparent diffusion coefficient.Six cases underwent CT scanning, and one showed multiple low density while the remaining five cases did not find any abnormalities.No cerebral vascular malformation was found in five cases scanned by MRA.The lesions showed round or oval shape,ranging from 3 mm to 17mm in diameter.Among them,98 lesions were located in the pons,39 in cerebellum,23 in cortex,10 in basal ganglia,6 in thalamus.Conclusion SWI is the sensitive sequence to detect intracranial capillary telangiectasia.SWI could be used as the preferred imaging method for intracranial capillary telangiectasia.

Objective To observe the pain behavior of rats with Oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy(OXIPN)and cal‐citonin gene related peptide(CGRP)expression.Methods Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups :normal con‐trol group and model group.Oxaliplatin(20 mg/kg)was injected intraperitoneally to the rats in the model group.Mechanical pain threshold and cold allodynia were detected before and 6 ,24 ,72 h and 7 days after modeling ,respectively.Western blot and im‐munohistochemical method were employed to measure the expression of CGRP in dorsal spinal root ganglion of control group and model group.Results The mechanical pain threshold of modal group rats decreased 6 h after injection of Oxaliplatin as compared with the normal group[(11.6 ± 2.2)g vs. (13.9 ± 3.7)g] ,and decreased with prolongation of time ,reduced to the lowest at 72 h[(3.9 ± 1.4)g]and maintained to day 7 ,and the same trend was found in cold chemical allodynia test.CGRP ex‐pression of dorsal root ganglion increased significantly in the model group rats ,and there was a significant positive correlation between the expression of CGRP and the degree of mechanical pain threshold.Conclusion CGRP plays an important role in Ox‐aliplatin‐induced central sensitization of rats with peripheral neuropathy.