The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in sports is a common knee joint injury.It is widely accepted to reconstruct ACL under arthroscopy with autologous patellar ligament or popliteal ligament fixed in tibial or femoral tunnel with interference screws.Interference screws are widely used as intra-articular fixation devices in ACL reconstruction.The ideal materials for interference screw provide rigid fixation of graft with high mechanical strength,long-lasting stiffness and the bioactivity to stimulate osteointegration and tendon-bone healing.Current interference screws are made of metals and bio-absorbable polymers.Metallic interference screws provide high mechanical strength and stiffness for tendon graft fixation,but require a second surgery for removal.Bioabsorbable interference screws made of polymers avoid second surgery for removal,but have lower mechanical strength and might cause aseprtic inflammation during its degradation as well as screw slip,tunnel enlargement and many other complications.Magnesium (Mg) has been investigated as a novel and potential biomaterials for biodegradable interference screws.Mg is essential nutrient element and has good biocompatibility.Its mechanical strength and related stiffness are much higher than that of biodegradable polymers and are close to cortical bone.Furthermore,the degradation rate of Mg in vivo could be modulated via techniques such as alloying.In previous studies,the relationship between screw design and its pull-out force has been investigated,based on which the design of interference screw is optimized.The mechanical properties (the ultimate load to failure and the related stiffness) of interference screws proved to be higher than that of bioabsorbable interference screws sharing the same design both in vitro and in vivo.Furthermore,Mg performs good biocompatibility without severe intra-articular inflammatory reactions,as well as unique bioactivities to promote osteointegration,mineral deposition and the regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses.The present study reviews the researches of Mg interference screws both in vitro and in vivo,gives reference for further research and has great importance for the application of Mg interference screws in ACL reconstruction.

Objective To measure the cancellous bone contents at different parts of the humeral heads of different ages and genders for data helpful for humeral head fixation.Methods Thirty-six patients with proximal humeral fracture were selected for this study who had been treated at our department with locking proximal humerus plate from June 2008 to April 2010.They were 18 men and 18 women,aged from 20 to 86 years (average,51.6 years).They were grouped according to age:group A ( ＜ 40 years),group B (40 to 60 years),and group C (＞ 60 years).A GE Sensation 16 CT scanner (GE Healtbcare,USA) was used to scan both of their affected and healthy humeral heads preoperation,with slices one mm thick.The bone density of cancellous bone was assessed by the CT value expressed in Hounsfield units.The maximum,minimum,and mean CT values were calculated for the cancellous bone in the humeral head in each image.CT images were processed by computer with custom software (Xiphoid 1.3,Image J 1.4g and Image-Pro Plus 6.0).All the data were analyzed with SPSS16.0.Results We found 4 weak point.s at the cortical bone of proximal humerus,correspondent with the 4 clinic CT types of proximal humeral fracture.The cancellous bone was the densest in the medial humeral head.The mean cancellous bone content was significantly lower in group C than in group A and B( P ＜ 0.05).There was a significant difference between men and women in group A in the BMD of cancellous bone ( t =4.744,P =0.001 ).Conclusions The cancellous bone content in the humeral head is related with age and gender.Since there is more cancellous bone in the medial part than in other parts of the humeral head,it is a reliable part for humeral head fixation.

Objective To report the anatomical study and clinical application of the medial sural artery pertorator flaps. Methods The anatomical study involved 12 fresh adult cadaver lower legs, the arteries of which were perfused with suspensions of lead oxide and gelatine. The bifurcation, location, length, diameter and blood territories of the medial sural artery and its perforating vessels were recorded by dissection, angiography and photography. The integument of the leg was dissected and ridiographed. The tendency of the vessels was analyzed, the surface areas of cutaneous territories and perforator zones were measured and calculated with Photoshop and Scion Image. With the aid of anatomic study, a series of five clinical cases was reported, including five free medial sural flaps for ipsilateral hand reconstruction. Results There was at least one perforating vessel in the medial sural areas of the specimen. A mean of 2.1 perforators was noted over the medial gastrocnemius muscle. The perforating vessels from the medial sural artery clustered about 9 to 18 cm from the popliteal crease, 1 to 5 cm from the posterior medial line. Their diameter was (1.03±0.22)mm at the deep fascial level. The average vascular territory on the sural area was (107.5±23.9)cm2, and the average supplying area of single perforator was (58.3±17.0)cm2. All the transferred free flaps taken in the 5 clinical cases survived uneventfully. All the patients were followed-up from 6 months to 12 months. The appearance of flaps and the function of the limbs were satisfied. Conclusion The standard method for the study of perforator flap is the lead oxide-gelatin technique. It is the anatomic basis that there are perforating musculocutaneous vessels on the medial gastrocnemius muscles constantly. The free medial sural perforator flap has the advantage of good appearance. It is the safe and suitable choice in the cases when a medium or small-sized flap is required for resurfacing hand injuries.

Objective To observe the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with tumor cells reduction and postoperative intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy on the efficacy and quality of life of ovarian cancer.Methods From October 2010 to October 2013 at the Department of gynecology,Taizhou Municipal Hospital,65 cases of ovarian cancer patients for the treatment of stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ were randomly divided into intervention group (n =32) and control group (n =33).Patients in the intervention group received neoadjuvant chemotherapy after tumor cell reduction cytoreductive surgery and received postoperative intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy and conventional surgery after chemotherapy.Patients in the control group received conventional tumor cell cytoreductive surgery plus postoperative chemotherapy.Surgical status,the effectiveness of treatment,and adverse reactions were compared between two groups.Moreover,survival quality score,relapse rate,and mortality differences were compared between two groups.Results For the intervention group,operation status and effective treatment were better than the control group.The proportion of adverse reactions had no significant difference between two groups.Survival quality had no statistically significant difference between before treatment and after receiving treatment.Quality of life in the intervention group was better than that of the control group.Relapse rate,and mortality rate in the intervention group was lower than the control group.Conclusions Accepted neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with tumor cytoreductive surgery and surgery after intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy can improve the effectiveness of treatment of ovarian cancers,and improve the quality of life,with better short-term effect.

Industrial Microbiology is a stem course in the undergraduate and graduate education of Biological Engineering major; and the research and development on computer -aided education in biological fields is just at the beginning stage in China. This paper focuses on the construction and application of web-based courseware for teaching and studying of industrial microbiology.

There is a kind of intrinsic correlation between achievements and age.The average years of age of the scientists awarded the Nobel prizes in five fields are 30.9~33.3.Lots of ancient and modern scientists in many fields are similar to this.Therefore young people are able to make significant achievements,especially innovative achievements.This law is not well cogitated in our country,especially by the young themselves.To understand this law correctly will be of certain inspiration and significance not only for people from different age bracket to make achievement but also beneficial to improving the innovative capability of the whole country.

Objective To identify main factors affecting the research capacity of nursing staff for efficient elevation of such a capacity. Methods 1000 persons were chosen in a random coded sampling for completion of questionnaires, including a general information questionnaire, research capacity self-assessment questionnaire, nursing professional value scale and work satisfaction scale for nursing staff. Results Main factors for the research capacity range from high to low the following: education, work satisfaction, training involvement, cognitive value, and nature of their employer. Beta values of such factors are found to be 0. 323, 0. 234, 0. 182,0. 064, and 0. 062 respectively. Conclusion Administrators of nursing staff need to focus on the development of the work values and satisfaction of nursing staff, on top of developing their research methodology and knowledge. This approach may encourage them to proactively involve in research activities.

In order to study the expression and the feasibility of scaled production of neuropeptide in the routine expression system such as E.coli with the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypep tide(PACAP) as an example, the following experiments were carried out. First, on the basis of the reported amino acid sequence of PACAP, DNA sequence of PACAP w as deduced and six partially complementary oligonucleotide fragments were design ed. The coding region of PACAP was obtained by renaturing the DNA fragments and ligation and identified by DNA sequencing. The coding region of PACAP was cloned into plasmid pGEX-4T-3 and transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3 ). An expression strain BLPACAP was selected. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that t he GST-PACAP fusion protein was highly expressed and accumulated to about 30% o f the total bacterial proteins. By affinity chromatography, up to 90% GST-PACAP was purified by one step from bacterial lysate. The purified protein could prom ote neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells and the survival of spinal cord neurons.

BACKGROUND: Coronary angiography is called "the golden standard" for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CAD). Foreshortening of vessel segments in angiographic projection images usually caused by the inappropriate projection angles or positions may lead to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the optimal angiographic views of main coronary artery and its branches in different somatotype or heart type patients and to investigate the specific relationships between the optimal angiographic views and the different somatotypes and heart types with computer-assisted techniques.DESIGN: A controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University.PARTICIPANTS: Altogether 1 369 patients were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University to undergo coronary angiography from January 2001 to December 2006 and recruited for this study. Written informed consents of coronary angiography were obtained from all the patients. The protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Medical College of Nanchang University.METHODS: All 1 369 inpatients were assigned into 3 groups by body mass index (BMI): fat somatotype group (n =489, BMI: 26-31 kg/m2, transverse heart type), general somatotype group (n =502, BMI: 23-25 kg/m2, general heart type), and thin somatotype group (n =378, BMI: 17-22 kg/m2 vertical heart type). In each group, all arteries including left main coronary artery (LM), proximal segment of the anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), distal-mid segment of LAD, proximal segment of circumflex branch (LCX), distal-mid segment of LCX, proximal-mid and distal segments of right coronary artery (RCA) were properly and carefully analyzed using Compart software, and then we got its optimal angiographic viewing angle. Finally, we arranged these data and induced whether different somatotype group patients have different optimal angiographic viewing angles specifically for some coronary artery or not.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Optimal angiographic viewing angles.RESULTS: All 1369 patients participated in the final analysis. Optimal angiographic viewing angle for LM: left anterior oblique (LAO)(40±5)°/ caudal (CAU)(25±5)° or right left anterior oblique (RAO) 25°/CAU35°. In the fat somatotype group, the angle should be added 10° to its optimal angle, and in the thin somatotype group, the angle should be decreased by 10°, and the differences between the general somatotype group and the fat somatotype group or the thin somatotype group were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Optimal angiographic viewing angle for proximal segment of LAD: RAO (50±8)°/ cranial (CRA)(23±8)°. In the fat somatotype group, the optimal angle should be added 10°, but in the thin somatotype group, it should be decreased by 10°. The differences between the general somatotype group and the fat somatotype group or the thin somatotype group were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Optimal angiographic viewing angle for distal-mid segment of LAD: RAO (40±5)°/CRA (45±5)° or LAO (11±5)°/CRA (45±5)°. Optimal angiographic viewing angle for proximal segment of LCX: LAO (45±5)°/CAU (35±5)° or anteroposterior (AP)/CAU36°. Optimal angiographic viewing angle for distal-mid segmental of LCX: LAO (45±5)°/CAU (35±5)° or RAO (6±4)°/CAU (30±5)°. Optimal angiographic viewing angle for proximal-mid segment of RCA: LAO (35±5)°/CAU (14±5)° or LAO (48±5)°/CRA (15±5)°. For the thin or fat somatotype group, the optimal LAO angle should be increased by 15°, the optimal RAO angle should be decreased by10° for fat somatotype group and should be increased by 10° for thin somatotype group, and the differences between the general somatotype group and the fat somatotype group or the thin somatotype group were statistically significantly (P < 0.05). Optimal angiographic viewing angle for distal segment of RCA: LAO (53±5)°/CAU (17±5)°.CONCLUSION: The message can be got clearly about the whole coronary artery and the accuracy percentage of stenosis by changing angiographic viewing angle regularly to its own optimal angle in different somatotype or heart type patients. It's very important for making the choice of diagnosis and therapy

Objective To construct the eukaryotic expression vector for human hypoxia inducible factor-1? gene (pSNAV-HIF-1?), and to investigate the apoptosis and intracellular calcium concentration of the transfected A?25-35 induced hippocampal neurons of primary culture. Methods Human hypoxia inducible factor-1? gene from pBSKhHIF1?T7 was inserted into pSNAV2.0 by the method of gene recombination, then the constructed vector was transfected into hippocampal neurons of primary culture and followed by A?25-35 for treatment. Empty pSNAV2.0 vector was treated the same way as pSNAV-HIF-1? as a control. The expression level of HIF-1? protein was assayed by Western blotting. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Intracellular calcium concentration was determined by laser scanning confocal microscopy with Fluo-3/AM as the fluorescent dye. Results It was shown that pSNAV-HIF-1? was successfully constructed by restriction enzyme digestion, PCR and DNA sequencing. The expression level of HIF-1? protein was significantly increased in transfected hippocampal neurons of primary culture (P