Burns ; pathology ; Humans ; Wound Healing

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of surgical site infection(SSI)in neurosurgical patients in a tertiary first-class hospital,and provide reference for the prevention and control of SSI.Methods 47 neurological patients with SSI (49 patients developed SSI,2 were excluded from study due to the lack of appropriate control subject)from December 31 ,2011 to December 31 ,2012 were as infected group,and 94 patients without SSI (1 ∶2 matching)were as non-infected group,risk factors for SSI were analyzed retrospectively.Results There was no significant difference in general condition of two groups of patients (all P >0.05 );among 3 708 patients,49 (1 .32%)developed SSI;intracranial infection was the main type of SSI (89.80%);27 patients were performed ce-rebrospinal fluid (CSF)bacteriological detection,6 (22.22%)of whom were positive for CSF bacteriological detec-tion.Univariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors for SSI in neurosurgical patients were operational risk assessment score (OR =2.04),frequency of preoperative antimicrobial use(OR =3.15 ),fre-quency of intraoperative antimicrobial use(OR=2.58),duration of operation(OR=2.70),surgical blood loss(OR=1 .72),indwelling drainage tube(OR=4.30),duration of indwelling drainage tube after operation(OR=2.06),and time for initial dressing change(OR=1 .66);Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the in-dependent risk factors for SSI were frequency of preoperative antimicrobial use(P =0.03,OR =4.86),duration of operation(P =0.05,OR = 2.89 ),and time for initial dressing change after operation (P = 0.01 ,OR = 1 .92 ). Conclusion Risk factors for SSI in department of neurosurgery are multiple,duration of operation,duration of in-dwelling drainage tube after operation,and time for initial dressing change after operation are major risk factors.

Objective To screen for the causative genes involved in the occurrence and development of minimal changes nephritic syndrome(MCNS) and to furtherly assist the genetic diagnosis and treatment of MCNS.Methods Human genome U133 Array Set from Affymetrix Inc was used to evaluate gene expression patterns in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) isolated from 7 children with primary MCNS and 7 age-matched health volunteers.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and real-time PCR were performed to identify the findings of gene chip.Results Of 33 000 genes detected,969 genes showed significant difference between children with(MCNS) and healthy volunteers;552 genes were up-regulated,while 417 genes down-regulated significantly.Findings from RT-PCR and real-time PCR were consistent with those of gene chip.Conclusions Gene chip of expression patterns is a powerful method to detect expression difference of genes correlated with MCNS.Occurrence and development of MCNS can be a complicated process that many correlative genes may participate in.

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical effects of internal fixation in treating displaced clavicle fracture combined with coracoid process.

METHODSFrom January 2005 to July 2012, 9 patients with displaced clavicle fracture combined with coracoid process were treated by internal fixation. Among them, there were 6 males and 3 females with an average age of 40.1 (ranged from 20 to 57) years old. According to Eyres classification: 3 cases were type II B, 1 case was type II A, 3 cases were type III B, and 2 cases were type V A. All patients had history of injury, and diagnosed as coracoid fracture X-ray and CT before operation. Herscovici criteria was used to evaluate function of shoulders joint after operation.

RESULTSSeven of 9 patients were followed up from 6 to 18 (averaged 11) months. The incisions were healed at stage I, coracoid process obtained bony healing, and reduction of acromioclavicular joint well. According to Herscovici criteria, 6 patients got excellent results and 1 in good.

CONCLUSIONInternal fixation for the treatment of displaced clavicle fracture combined with coracoid process could restore physiological anatomical position of coracoid process, and benefit for recovery of limb function.

Adult ; Clavicle ; injuries ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recovery of Function ; Scapula ; injuries ; Shoulder Joint ; injuries

OBJECTIVETo report our clinical experience of using Onyx, a new liquid embolic agent, to treat cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) as well as its efficacy.

METHODSSeventy cases were placed with 6F sheath in the femoral artery after Seldinger puncture and 6F guiding catheter was introduced into the internal carotid artery or vertebral artery, then a microcatheter was navigated into the nidus of AVMs. Slow injection of Onyx under fluoroscopic control was performed to embolize cerebral AVMs using the "plug and push" technique.

RESULTSThirteen AVM cases (18.6%) were totally occluded by Onyx and 5 cases of which didn't recurrence at 6-month after operation. Thirty-eight cases (54.3%) were subtotally occluded, while another 19 cases (27.1%) were partially embolized. Severe cerebral hemorrhage occurred in 4 cases, 2 of which had mild to severe hemiplegia after operation, and one died. Mild hemiplegia was also found in 1 case due to functional area embolization, and visual field deficit in 2 cases.

CONCLUSIONSOnyx has unique and distinctive superiority in treating cerebral AVMs. Nonetheless, the correct embolization technique should be learned to achieve good clinical results and avoid complications.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; administration & dosage ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyvinyls ; administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression characteristics of EGFR and FGFR-2 in normal skin from fetal and adult, and attempted to probe the molecule mechanism of fetal scarless healing.

METHODSThe skin samples of fetal and adult were taken from abortive fetus of obstetrics unit and donor site of plastic operation patients in our burn unit, respectively. EGFR and FGFR-2 were used as the biochemical markers for reparative cells. Immunohistochemistry staining technique was employed to determine the expressive levels of different epithelial cells markers.

RESULTSThere were EGFR and FGFR-2 antibody positive cells in normal skin from fetal and adult, but the expressive levels of EGFR and FGFR-2 protein had apparent difference, with the time of fetation increasing, the EGFR and FGFR-2 positive expression rate became stronger gradually. The number of FGFR-2 antibody positive cells found in adult skin was much more than that in fetal skin.

CONCLUSIONThere were the inherent differences of EGFR and FGFR-2 antibody immunohistochemistry staining in cells of adult and fetal skin. which may be an essential facet of fetal scarless healing.

Adult ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; ErbB Receptors ; metabolism ; Female ; Fetus ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Skin ; metabolism ; Wound Healing

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; administration & dosage ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; therapy ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyvinyls ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of melatonin on proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblasts in human hypertrophic scar and its mechanism.

METHODSFibroblasts from human hypertrophic scar were isolated and cultured with DMEM medium containing 10% FBS, and then they were divided into control (C, added with ethanol), low concentration (LC, added with 1 × 10(-5) mmol/L melatonin), middle concentration (MC, added with 1 × 10(-3) mmol/L melatonin), and high concentration (HC, added with 1 mmol/L melatonin) groups according to the random number table. After being cultured for 24 hours, cell morphologic change was observed under microscope; XTT-PMS assay was used to examine cell proliferative activity; cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed with flow cytometry after double staining of FITC and PI, and the levels of cyclin E, p53, and Fas mRNA were determined with fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. Data were processed with analysis of variance and LSD test.

RESULTS(1) Fibroblasts in C group were spindle-shaped with growth in colonies. Along with the increase in melatonin concentration, fibroblasts in LC, MC, and HC groups gradually dispersed, deformed and atrophied, with shrunk cellular membrane, and decrease in ratio of nucleus and cytoplasm. (2) Proliferative activity of fibroblasts in LC, MC, and HC groups decreased along with an increase in melatonin concentration (1.49 ± 0.15, 1.24 ± 0.20, and 0.92 ± 0.09), which were lower that in C group (1.79 ± 0.10, F = 67.61, P < 0.05). Cell ratios of S and G2/M phases in LC, MC, and HC groups decreased along with an increase in melatonin concentration, which were all lower than those in C group [(10.6 ± 1.1)%, (6.1 ± 1.2)%, (3.2 ± 0.8)% vs.(16.9 ± 1.3)%, F = 286.10, P < 0.05; (13.5 ± 1.1)%, (9.8 ± 1.0)%, (6.0 ± 0.7)% vs. (16.7 ± 1.6)%, F = 162.69, P < 0.05]. Apoptotic rates in early and late stages of LC, MC, and HC groups increased along with an increase in melatonin concentration, all higher than those in C group (with F value respectively 424.05, 236.44, P values all below 0.05). The expressions of cyclin E mRNA in LC, MC, and HC groups decreased along with an increase in melatonin concentration, which were lower than that in C group (1.58 ± 0.21, 0.90 ± 0.20, and 0.24 ± 0.12 vs. 2.90 ± 0.30, F = 266.79, P < 0.05), while the expressions of p53 mRNA and Fas mRNA showed opposite tendency (with F value respectively 10.11, 12.03, P values all below 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSMelatonin can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of fibroblasts in hypertrophic scar through regulating the gene expressions of cyclin E, p53, and Fas.

Adult ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cyclin E ; metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Melatonin ; pharmacology ; Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

Carbon Dioxide ; adverse effects ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; adverse effects ; Embolism, Air ; complications ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Saphenous Vein ; transplantation ; Shock ; etiology

The promoter of NAR gene in Magnaporthe grisea was isolated and sequenced. The promoter sequences contained the "TATA" box, the "CAAT" box, and binding sites for fungal regulatory proteins. Programs that predict promoter sequences indicated that promoter sequence lies between locations 430 and 857 of the NAR promoter fragment. GFP expression under the NAR promoter and NAR transcript analysis revealed that this promoter is activated primarily at the mycelial stage in the rice blast fungus and could be used to express native or extrinsic genes in the mycelia of the rice blast fungus.
Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Fungal Proteins ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; genetics ; Hyphae ; genetics ; Magnaporthe ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Transcriptional Activation ; genetics