The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between physical activity and immanent fall risk factors in the elderly. The subjects were 138 (male: n=51; female: n=87) elderly who have no restriction in daily physical activity. Physical activity was measured over consecutive seven days by accelerometer. Immanent fall risk factors (Berg Balance Scale [BBS], Activities-specific Balance Confidence [ABC], and gait-related fitness) were measured. There are significant correlations between physical activity and BBS (male r=0.46, female r=0.36), gait-related fitness (male r=0.44, female r=0.43). And there are significant correlations between physical activity and ABC in female (r=0.38). Through this study, it is assumed that physical activity has correlation with immanent fall risk factors. Also, physical activity has correlation with gate-related fitness in the elderly.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Risk Factors

Purpose: This study was performed to analyze the changes in the 24-hour movement behavior of Korean adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, focusing on physical activity (PA) pattern. Methods: The study used data obtained from the 15th (2019) and 16th (2020) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, targeting a total of 112,251 adolescents. For assessing the changes before and during the pandemic, complex samples cross-tabulation and logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI). Results: During the pandemic, as compared to before the pandemic, the rate of male students who met the PA guidelines (a total of ≥60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity daily) decreased. The rate of students who met the sedentary behavior (SB) guidelines (recreational SB of ＜2 hours/day) decreased by about 50%, and there was no significant change in sleep. The OR (95% CI) for students who complied with 24-hour movement behavior guidelines was 0.69 (0.56–0.85). Conversely, the OR (95% CI) for students who were not compliant with any of the three recommendations was 1.50 (1.41–1.61). A notable finding is the rate of students who met the vigorous PA (3 days/week) decreased, but the rate of students who met the strength training (3 days/week) increased during the pandemic, which suggests the possibilities for a new trend in PA in the upcoming post-COVID-19 era. Conclusion Policymakers should pay attention to changes in movement behaviors observed in adolescents during the pandemic and use the current crisis as an opportunity to respond to the post-COVID-19 era.

OBJECTIVETo study possible relationship between psychopathological symptoms, positive and negative coping styles in adolescents who experienced repeated serious childhood physical abuse (CPA), moderate CPA, and childhood emotional abuse (CEA).

METHODSA total of 5453 students were recruited as subjects from 9 middle schools at grades 7, 8, 10, and 11. They provided informed consent and participated in the self-administered anonymous survey on their frequencies of serious or moderate physical abuse and emotional abuse by his/her parents or other caregivers about average times of experiencing maltreatment every year during primary school. The Symptoms Checklist 90 (SCL-90) was used to rate general mental problem and 9 special psychopathological symptoms. The trait positive and negative coping styles were assessed with the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ). Totally 5141 respondents substantially completed surveys. It was defined as repeating childhood maltreatment that the adolescent reported he/she had suffered 3 or more episodes of one or more forms of serious CPA, moderate CPA, and CEA. Multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of the types and quantities of repeating childhood experiences on mental health when the positive, negative coping styles, and both of them entered the statistics model, taking the demographic variables as covariates.

RESULTSOf respondents, 9.1 percent were rated as having general mental health problem. The rates of somatization, obsession, interpersonal susceptivity, depression, anxiety, phobia, paranoia, and psychotic symptoms were 1.3%, 3.6%, 3.6%, 2.8%, 2.2%, 4.0%, 2.1%, 2.8% and 1.6%, respectively. Dose-response trend existed between the number of items of repeating serious CPA, moderate CPA, CEA, and rates of general mental problems, 9 kinds of psychopathological symptoms, number of positive items of psychopathological symptoms. Compared with the respondents without serious CPA, moderate CPA or CEA, those with repeating childhood maltreatment had higher scores of negative coping styles. In the respondents with repeating childhood maltreatments, the prevalence of general mental problems and number of positive psychopathological symptoms increased with the rising of scores of negative coping styles. The results from multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that negative coping style decreased the odds ratio (OR) of repeating serious CPA, moderate CPA, and CEA with general mental health problems, but positive coping style did not.

CONCLUSIONSThe experiences of repeating childhood physical or emotional maltreatment are associated with a wide variety of psychopathological symptoms and general mental health problems. Negative coping strategies may moderate the links of childhood abusive experiences and mental problems.

Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; psychology ; Age Factors ; Child ; Child Abuse ; psychology ; Child Behavior ; psychology ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Psychology, Adolescent ; Schools ; Severity of Illness Index ; Students ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires