The morbidities of nervous system diseases,such as cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease,are increasing with the aging of population.As a theory and methodology,system theory plays an important role in the studies of nervous system diseases.Using the principle of system theory,this paper discusses the research methodology of nervous system diseases based on the latest advances in aetiology,diagnosis and treatment of some nervous system diseases from the integration,hiberarchy and scheduling aspects of a system.

Objective To explore the relationships between the cystoid type and the sclerous type polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS). Methods We compared the similarities and differences between the two types of PCOS by blood sex hormone measuring,laparoscopy,pathomorphology and so on in 19 patients with cystoid type PCOS,26 with sclerous type PCOS and 10 controlled age-matched non-PCOS women.Results There was no remarkable difference in the sex hormone level between the two groups of PCOS.Compared with the patients with cystoid type PCOS,the patients with sclerous type PCOS had longer course of disease,thicker ovarian tunica albuginea,more collagen,and hyperplasia medulla and stroma.Conclusion The cystoid type PCOS could develop into the sclerous type PCOS when the disease progressed.

Persistent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV)is associated with host immune response.CD4 +T cells play an important role in HBV-specific immune response.The restoration of HBV-specific T-cell response after antiviral therapy using nucleoside and nucleo-tide analogues is also associated with CD4 +T cells.In recent years,two new subsets of CD4 +T cells,namely regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 cells (Th17 cells),have been identified and shown to be related to disease progression and liver damage in patients with persistent HBV infection.Here we primarily summarized the differentiation and function of Tregs and Th17 cells and reviewed the interaction between the two types of cells in persistent infection and their changes after clinical antiviral therapy.We hope it will be helpful to clinical immunotherapy and prognostic assessment.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD) is one of the most frequent inherited kidney diseases, with the incidence rate being 100-250 per 100,000. Epigenetic gene modulation and protein functions have become a focus of study for ADPKD. Evidence generated to-date indicates that one of the epigenetic modifier, histone deacetylases (HDACs), is an important regulator of ADPKD. HDACs have been involved in regulating Pkd1 gene expression. HDAC5 is the target of fiuid flow-induced calcium signal in kidney epithelial cells HDAC6 is Up-regulated in cystic epithelial calls; they can regulate ciliogenesis and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transportation through deacetylating α-tubulin and regulate Wnt Signaling through deacetylating β-catenin. HDAC inhibitors have been found to reduce cyst formation in Pkd1 conditional knockout mice and delay renal function decline n Pkd2 knockout mice, indicating a potential to serve as a new target for ADPKD therapy. This article focuses on the recent progress in research of histone deacetylation in ADPKD.

Colorectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging

ve To investigate the effects of selenium and zinc on the absorption, excretion and accumu-lation of fluoride in rats. Methods The contents of fluoride in serum, excrement, urine and bone were determined in Wistar rats drinking distilled water containing 100 mg/L NaF and orally perfused jointly with 0.1 mg/(kg? d) Na2SeO3 and/or 14.8 mg/(kg?d) ZnSO4 one time per two days continuously for 90 days. Results Na2SeO3 and/or ZnSO4 could increase the concentration of fluoride in urine, decrease the concentration of fluoride in serum and the content of fluoride in bone of rats. Exposure to ZnSO4 and joint exposure to Na2SeO3 and ZnSO4 could increase the content of fluoride in excrement. Conclusion ZnSO4 could inhibit the absorption of fluoride in intestine, Na2SeO3 and /or ZnSO4 could promote the excretion of urine fluoride and restrain the accumulation of fluoride in bone of rats.

Considering the World Health Organization's classification of Helicobacter pylori as a definite (class I ) carci- nogen, the relationship between oral microbial community and tumors is gaining increased interest. This review focused on three relationships between oral microbiota and tumors, i.e., between oral Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric tumors, between oral microbiota and oral squamous cell carcinoma, and between human immunodeficiency virus and tumors. The aims were to realize the early diagnosis of tumors with oral microbiota and support studies on treatment development.
Helicobacter Infections ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Mouth ; microbiology ; Mouth Neoplasms

Objective To compare the clinical effect of proximal gastric malignant tumor treated by the total gastrectomy and the proximal gastrectomy.Methods 278 patients with gastric cancer were randomly divided into two groups by double blind method(1 ∶ 1).Patients in the two groups received total gastrectomy (TG)and proximal gastrectomy(PG) treatment,respectively.The surgery effect,postoperative complications,survival rate and tumor recurrence rate were compared between the two groups.Results In PG group,the average blood loss was (151.6 ± 26.4)mL,operation time was (124.5 ±36.2) min,hospital stay was(8.9 ± 3.1) days,which were significantly lower than those in TG group (231.5 ± 15.3) mL,(162.4 ± 24.8) min and (12.6 ± 6.2) days (t =45.352,36.521,11.243,all P ＜0.05).The lymph node excision rate of PG group was (13.2 ± 3.1)％,which was significantly lower than (16.4 ±4.6) ％ in TG group(t =9.654,P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rate of postoperative complications between the two groups had statistically significant difference(x2 =25.321,20.254,all P ＜ 0.05).The survival rates of 3 years,5 years in TG group were 62.16％,42.32％,those in PG group were 60.39％,34.23％.The 3 years survival rate had no significant difference between the two groups (x2 =6.321,P =0.079),5 years survival rate had statistically significant difference between the two groups (x2 =31.265,P =0.000).The recurrence rate in group TG was 22.30％,which was significantly lower than 34.53 ％ in PG group (x2 =29.365,P =0.000).Conclusion Average blood loss,operation time,hospitalization time and postoperative complications of PG group are less,,but the lymph node resection rate is low,tumor recurrence rate is high,the 5-year survival rate is lower than the TG after surgery.TG can be recommended for the proximal gastric malignancy.

Though there is a great progress in research of medical ethics in China, a gap still remains between China and the developed countries now. Medical ethics committees are established one after another in many hospitals, but the level of standardization construction and ethical review level differ in thousands ways. The construction of ethical review platform on TCM can standardize the construction and investigation procedure, and can further enhance the ethical review level of medical ethics committee. Among them, institutional improvement of regulations and procedures can be acquired in short time, but the enhancement of ethical review level needs a long way to go. This article aimed to probe the thinking and methods on the enhancement of ethical review level through the practice and experience of the construction of TCM ethical review platform.