Objective To explore the related high risk factors of hyponatremia after transsphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomectomy and to direct postoperative nursing. Methods The clinical data of seventy-seven patients suffering from pituitary adenomas with the way of treatment by transsphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy from June 2014 to May 2015 were summarized retrospectively. According to the value of postoperative serum natremia, the data were divided into hyponatremia group and non-hyponatremia group. The different data between the 2 groups were compared and the high risk factors related to hyponatremia were analyzed. Results Univariate analysis showed that gender(P=0.254) and high blood pressure(P=0.742) were unrelated to postoperative hyponatremia and there was significant difference between two groups in age (P=0.038), max- diameter of tumors(P=0.004), preoperative pituitary dysfunction (P=0.013), visual deficit (P=0.000), operative procedure duration (P=0.008) and diabetes mellitus rate (P=0.023). While Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative visual deficit (OR=0.152,P=0.004,95%CI 0.043-0.542) and preoperative pituitary dysfunction (OR=0.069, P=0.046,95%CI 0.005-0.950) were independent factors for postoperative hyponatremia. Conclusions Hyponatremia is a common complication after transsphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy. The optimal treatment can benefit the early recovery and more careful nursing should be focused on these patients who are in high risk of postoperative hyponatremia.

BACKGROUND:The repair effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation on brain injury were not ideal. Combined therapy with medicine and biological engineering materials is needed. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation and fingolimod immunosuppressants on memory function recovery in rats with brain injury. METHODS:A total of 60 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to hydraulic shock with peak value of 253.312 5-303.975 kPa with a hydraulic head injury instrument so as to induce a model of severe hydraulic head injury. They were randomly divided into brain injury group, bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation group and fingolimod+bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation group. The Morris water maze test was tested at 21-28 days after PKH-26-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation. The PKH-26 immunofluorescence and hematoxylin-eosin staining were conducted in brain tissues at 4 weeks after brain injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 4 weeks after transplantation, the average escape latency was gradual y decreased in each group. The average escape latency was shorter in the fingolimod+bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation group than in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation group (P<0.05), and significantly shorter than in the brain injury group (P<0.01). The number of times of crossing the platform and the percentage of swimming distance to total distance were higher in the fingolimod+bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation group than in the brain injury group and bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation group (P<0.05). The number of PKH-26-positive cells was significantly higher in the fingolimod+bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation group than in the brain injury group and bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation group (P<0.05). Results confirmed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation could apparently improve memory function of rats with severe brain injury. The combined application of fingolimod immunosuppressants has synergistic effects.

Extracellular vesicles (EV) miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that are encapsulated in membrane-containing vesicles from a variety of cells, and which can mediate intercellular communication and transfer of functional molecules. EV miRNAs in circulation can be served as novel molecular markers for cancer diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis, and also the most promising liquid biomarkers for clinical translation and utility currently, while optimal research strategy is crucial for identifying valuable EV miRNAs in clinical study. Moreover, EV miRNAs have recently also been implicated in cancer progression as direct regulators of metabolic reprogramming, mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, angiogenesis, anti-cancer immune response and drug resistance in the tumor microenvironment. Study on some key EV miRNAs involving in those processes may highlight their potential utility as liquid biopsies in early diagnosis, companion diagnosis, metastasis, therapeutic control, prognosis analysis as their therapeutic potential for patients with cancer.

The incidence of middle ear effusion due to radiotherapy of head and neck carcinoma is as high as 16—26 percent.Irradiation causes tissue reactions such as congestion,edema, mucositis and fibrosis, which is responsible for the postirradiation tubal dysfunction. The tubal function is worst 6 months after radiotherapy . The cancer disappears after radiotherapy, but the tubal dysfunction still would happen if inflammation and local radiotherapy-induced oedema exist. The tubal function improved at 5 years after radiotherapy if the irradiation dosage is below 70 Gy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The mean radiation dosage in the ears with patulous tubes compared for tubals with normal opening has no significant difference. The incidence of otorrhea is very high 2 years after radiotherapy in patients treated by myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion. The tubal function may become normal without treatment and patulous tubes may develope 5 to 10 years after radiotherapy.

The birth rate of very low birth weight(VLBW)is rising year by year,and its survival rate increases with developing of modern methods of neonatal intensive care.The outcomes of VLBW have become a social concern.VLBW have different brain structure compared with term children,mainly in the reduction of brain volume.including the reduction of gray matter volume and white matter vollame.Because of these pathologic changes in brain.some VLBW show severe neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood,including cognitive problems.behavioral and psychological problems,motor clumsiness and so on.

Seven cases exhibited segmental bile duct dilation with filling defects. One case only showed dilatation of lobar bile ducts. Conclusion MRI features of IPNB are helpful for distinguishing IPNB from other hepatic lesions.

During surgery and radiation therapy,demands for higher quality of quantification and visualization of cerebral vessels need to be met.Hence,automatic (or semi-automatic) extractions of accurate cerebral vessel information seem particularly important.This paper reviews the cerebral vessel segmentation methods used in recent years,including statistics-based segmentation,deformable model,multi-scale method,prior knowledgebased method,and so on.The methods are divided into the following three categories:voxel intensity based approach,vascular tubular structure based approach,and prior knowledge-based approach.

Objective To investigate the changes of molecular markers in cultured skin stem cells exposed to UVB in vitro. Methods Skin stem cells were isolated and cultured according to their adherasion ability,and identified by immunohistochemistry using anti-K15 and anti-β-integrin antibodies. Then, a part of the skin stem cells were irradiated with UVB at 10 mJ/cm2 for 2 times. After 24-hour additional culture, the expressions of CD34, beta-catenin and p53 were detected with immunohistochemistry. Results Skin stem cells showed a high density in culture free of irradiation, which were round or polygon with a clear shape, well-distributed cytoplasm, high N/C ratio; mitotic cells could be seen. In unirradiated skin stem cells, beta-catenin was expressed predominantly in cell membrane and cytoplasm, with a positive expression rate of 64.74% and 8.4%in membrane and cytoplasm respectively; p53 was expressed mainly in cell cytoplasm and nuclei, with a positive expression rate of 6.9% in cell nuclei. After exposure to UVB, skin stem cells decreased in cell density and N/C ratios with a deformed and anomalous shape, vacuoles were present in cytoplasm, and some cells experienced karyopyknosis or apoptosis. Additionally, in irradiated cells, beta-catenin was expressed predominantly in cytoplasm with a positive expression rate of 64.74% and 0 in cytoplasm and nuclei, respectively; p53 was expressed mainly in nuclei with a positive expression rate of 100%. CD34 was detected in neither unirradiated nor irradiated skin stem cells. Conclusion UVB can promote beta-eatenin to accumulate in cytoplasm as well as beta-catenin and p53 to migrate from cytoplasm to nuclei.

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A),a high-molecular-weight zinc-binding metrix metalloproteinase,is expressed abundantly in the ruptured atherosclerostic plaque. PAPP-A can be used as a novel biological marker of plaque instability and cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome. However,the role of PAPP-A in iscbemic stroke remains unclear. This article reviews the value of VAPP-A in predicting the risks of ischemic stroke events.

With the increasing incidence of pelvic fractures, the concept of damage control was applied to the treatment of severe pelvic fractures, and the principle of phased treatment and indications were put for-ward. Meanwhile, the development of damage control surgery, which improves the survival rate and reduces the disability rate of patients, brings the treatments of pelvic fractures to a new stage.