Objective　To probe the relationship of differentiation degree with spread or survival prognosis in retinoblastoma　(RB).　Methods　Clinical data, follow up status and eyeball specimens in 156 RB cases were investigated retrospectively. The tumors were divided into differentiated and undifferentiated groups.Conditions of the tumor invasion of ocular or surrounding tissues were reviewed. The fatality rate was obtained from the follow-up materials of 82 cases of RB. The fatality rate and the invasion rate between the two types were compared statistically by Chi-square test. In addition, the relation between the tumor invasion and death ,and the average survival time for dead people after surgery were explored.　Results　Local invasion of tumor cell was found in 8　eyes among 17 eyes with differentiated RB (47.06%),and in 66 eyes among 139 eyes with undifferentiated RB　(47.48%).There was no significant difference with regards to the local invasion between the two types (P>0．05). The fatality rate of cases of differentiated RB was 27.27%,and 22.54% in undifferentiated RB, and there was no statistical difference between the two types .The fatality rate for patients with orbital and scleral extension was 100%,optic nerve invasion (grade Ⅳ) was 62.50%,and uveal invasion was 22.22%.The survival time for the dead victims were from 5 months to 41 months and averaged to 21.92 months.　Conclusion　There was no significant difference both in survival prognosis and local invasion between the two types. The survival prognosis of metastatic RB was dependent on the degree of spread and the efforts of treatment and regardless of the types of differentiation of RB cells.

After mice given Ammoniun Glycyrrhizanate orally, the spleen weight, the number of leukocytes in peripheral circulation and carbon particle cleaning index increased significantly. Rat spleen lymphocytes exposed to 8 x10-7M and 8 x10-10M of Ammoniun Glycyrrhizanate produced levels of PGE that were 1 - 2 -fold greater than that of the control lymphocytes cultured in medium alone. We also found that the levels of PGE2 and cAMP in mice spleen increased significantly after P.O. Ammoninn Glycyrrhizanate, which we suggested might be the mechanisms of immane regulatory functions of Ammoniun Glycyr rhizanate.

Kennedy disease,a motor neuron disease,is an adult onset form of spinal and bulbar amyotrophy characterized by the damage of low motor neuron and uncompleted androgen insensitivity syndrome.So far,there is no effective treatment.This article is intended to provide neurologist with information about Kennedy disease in epidemiology,etiology,pathogenesis,clinical feature,treatment and so on.

Objective To understand the current situation and requirements of laboratory quality control of blood diseases in Chongqing .Methods A self‐designed questionnaire was designed ,and the investigation was carried out in 60 hospitals of Chongqing district .The main contents of the investigation were related to the instruments of work environment ,the regulations ,the conditions of the personnel ,etc .Results A total of 60 questionnaires were distributed ,57 questionnaires were valid .In the study ,only 14 .04%laboratories were the blood disease specialist laboratory ,most hospitals could complete the basic inspection items .66 .67% hospitals had all the experimental procedures and SOP documents .Most of staffs were with intermediate professional titles and undergraduate education .A total of 35 .08% experimental equipments with the value of over 5 million RMB ,45 .61% equipments had a special in‐spection records .About 45 .61% test reports would refer to the clinical performance ,and had a strict signing guideline .Most of the research objects reflected the problems ,including the backward equipments and the lack of personnel ,and hoped to set up telemedi‐cine indemnity system and carry out further education .Conclusion The overall quality of the laboratory for blood diseases in Chongqing is better ,it is recommended to strengthen the full quality control ,to establish emergency system ,and to improve the quality and level of laboratory .

Objective To construct markless gene deletion mutant at the clpP loci on the chromosome of Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans).Methods ASp resistance gene was amplified by PCR,to construct the Sp resistance cassette where the Sp resistance gene was flanked with two loxP site.After the clpP gene was cloned into the pGEM-T-Easy TA cloning vector,it was digested and linked with the Sp resistance cassette,yielding homologous recombination vector pIB △ clpP-Sp.The vector was linearized and used for the transformation of S.mutans UA159,with transformants selected on TPY plates containing Sp.The selected strain was transformed with the thermosensitive plasmid pCrePA to excise the Sp resistance gene.The pCre-PA was then easily eliminated at nonpermissive temperature,resulting in a markless mutant strain carrying a deletion at the clpP loci,which was verified by PCR and DNA sequencing.Results The result of the PCR analysis and DNA sequencing indicated that a part of the clpP gene was deleted.There was a loxP at this loci without the Sp resistance gene.Conclusion The markless clpP-deletion mutant of S.mutans was constructed successfully,which laid a foundation for further study of its biological function and its influence on the cariogenicity of S.mutans.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular ; pathology ; surgery ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; pathology ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neck Dissection ; Survival Analysis ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; methods

Objective To establish a new quality control standard for danshen capsules. Methods The qualitative identification of danshen capsules was characterized by ultraviolet fluorescence and thin-layer chromatography( TLC ). The contents of tanshinoneⅡA,cryptotanshinone,salvianolic acid B,danshensu and protocatechuic aldehyde in danshen capsules were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)on a C18 column. The flow rate was 1 mL·min-1,and the column temperature was 35 ℃. Results The HPLC linear ranges of tanshinone ⅡA,cryptotanshinone,salvianolic acid B, danshensu and protocatechuic aldehyde were 2. 046-40. 92 μg · mL-1 ,1. 482 25 -59. 29 μg · mL-1 ,1. 502 55 -60. 102 μg·mL-1 ,11. 49-459. 582 μg·mL-1 ,and 0. 617 4-24. 696 μg·mL-1 ,respectively,and r values were 0. 999 9. The average recoveries were 99. 66%(RSD of 0. 91%)for tanshinoneⅡA,99. 26%(RSD of 0. 88%)for cryptotanshinone,99. 09%(RSD of 0. 76%)for salvianolic acid B,100. 51%(RSD of 0. 62%)for danshensu,and 100. 62%(RSD of 0. 82%)for protocatechuic aldehyde,respectively. The contents of the tanshinoneⅡA,cryptotanshinone,salvianolic acid B,danshensu showed a certain high level in the 3 batches of danshen capsule samples,but protocatechuic aldehyde was low by comparison. Conclusion The HPLC method is proven to be sensitive,accurate,repeatable,and can be used for quality control of the danshen capsules.

Objective To investigate the circadian change of autonomic nervous system in hyperthyroidism (HT) patients. Methods Recording 24 h dynamic electrocardiography from 33 HT patients( HT group) and 35 controls (control group). The cardiac autonomic nervous function was evaluated by the time domain and frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability( HRV). Results Comparing with control group, the SDNN, SDANN, ASDNN and rMSSD were significantly lower in HT group[ (82.3 ± 29.0)ms vs. (139.4±40.2 ) ms, ( 75.0 ± 27.4) ms vs. ( 130.3 ± 43.9) ms, (29.9 ± 14.9 ) ms vs. (57.3 ± 14.4) ms,( 19.8 ± 10.9 ) ms vs. (29.5 ± 9.4) ms ] (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05 ), the long term total power (TP), high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF) and very low frequency (VLF) were significantly lower in HT group [ (566.1±573.2) ms2/Hz vs. ( 1894.2 ± 984.3)ms2/Hz, (68.1 ± 88.9 ) ms2/Hz vs. (232.7 ± 155.5 ) ms2/Hz, ( 127.4 ±163.0) ms2/Hz vs. (551.3 ± 390.6) ms2/Hz, (330.3 ± 300.6) ms2/Hz vs. (1073.2 ± 570.2) ms2/Hz] (P ＜0.01 ). Comparing with control group, short term VLF was higher in HT group during most time in 24 hours (P＜ 0.05 ). Short term LF was higher in HT group mainly in day time (P＜ 0.05 ). Short term HF was higher in HT group occasionally in the whole day (P＜0.05). Short term LF/HF didn't show significant difference between HT group and control group at most time points (P＞0.05).Conclusion In HT patients, cardiac chronotropic property is impaired, sympathetic activity increases in whole day, vagal activity increases correspondently but the increase in day is more marked than that in night.

BACKGROUND:A few studies have reported that autologous chondrocyte implantation is better than microfracture for treating cartilage defects of the knee. But there are few meta-analyses on the clinical outcomes of autologous chondrocyte implantation versus microfracture. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of autologous chondrocyte implantation versus microfracture in the treatment of cartilage defects of the knee based on existing clinical data. METHODS:A systematic search for control ed clinical trials or control ed prospective observational studies published from 1979 to January 2015 was done in electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register, Wanfang, CNKI and VIP. The literatures about the effects of autologous chondrocyte implantation versus microfracture in the treatment of cartilage defects of the knee were retrieved. We screened the retrieved literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and performed a Meta-analysis with the software RevMan 5.2 after identification of the relevant data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Eight studies were enrol ed according to the selection criteria, which revealed a statistical y significant difference, representing a clinical y relevant superiority of autologous chondrocyte implantation over microfracture, in IKDC scores at final fol ow-up [weighted mean difference (WMD),-9.93;95%confidence interval (CI):-13.16 to-5.43;P<0.000 01] and available scores at 5-year fol ow-up [standard mean difference (SMD),-0.30;95%CI: -0.55 to-0.05;P=0.02). In contrast, there were no significant differences, thus representing no clinical relevant superiority of microfracture versus autologous chondrocyte implantation, in Tegner scores at final fol ow-up (WMD=0.44;95%CI:0.04 to 0.84;P=0.03), Lysholm scores at final fol ow-up (WMD=-10.21;95%CI:-33.68 to 13.26;P=0.39), and available scores at 2-year fol ow-up (SMD=-0.25;95%CI:-0.92 to 0.43;P=0.47). These findings demonstrate that autologous chondrocyte implantation can result in a better long-term outcome than microfracgure. However, whether autologous chondrocyte implantation has a better treatment effect than microfracture in general needs more research.

Objective To explore the relationship between HHIP gene with COPD patients in Xinjiang Uygur population. Methods DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. HHIP gene (rs1828591 and rs12504628)polymorphic loci was detected by iMLDR technique in 233 cases and 292 controls in Uygur. Results There was no significant difference in the genotype,allele frequencies distribution of 2 haplotypes of HHIP (rs1828591 and rs12504628)between the disease group and the control group(P > 0.05). There was no differ? ence in 2 haplotypes of HHIP gene between the disease group and the control group(P > 0.05). Rs1828591 and rs12504628 gene showed significance with predicted FEV1%(P < 0.05). Conclusion Rs1828591 and rs12504628 gene are related with predicted FEV1%.