Objective　To probe the relationship of differentiation degree with spread or survival prognosis in retinoblastoma　(RB).　Methods　Clinical data, follow up status and eyeball specimens in 156 RB cases were investigated retrospectively. The tumors were divided into differentiated and undifferentiated groups.Conditions of the tumor invasion of ocular or surrounding tissues were reviewed. The fatality rate was obtained from the follow-up materials of 82 cases of RB. The fatality rate and the invasion rate between the two types were compared statistically by Chi-square test. In addition, the relation between the tumor invasion and death ,and the average survival time for dead people after surgery were explored.　Results　Local invasion of tumor cell was found in 8　eyes among 17 eyes with differentiated RB (47.06%),and in 66 eyes among 139 eyes with undifferentiated RB　(47.48%).There was no significant difference with regards to the local invasion between the two types (P>0．05). The fatality rate of cases of differentiated RB was 27.27%,and 22.54% in undifferentiated RB, and there was no statistical difference between the two types .The fatality rate for patients with orbital and scleral extension was 100%,optic nerve invasion (grade Ⅳ) was 62.50%,and uveal invasion was 22.22%.The survival time for the dead victims were from 5 months to 41 months and averaged to 21.92 months.　Conclusion　There was no significant difference both in survival prognosis and local invasion between the two types. The survival prognosis of metastatic RB was dependent on the degree of spread and the efforts of treatment and regardless of the types of differentiation of RB cells.

Objective To observe the effect of early enteral nutrition on the recovery and stress reaction after the operation of colon carcinoma.Methods 93 patients with colon carcinoma were divided into enteral nutrition group and parenteral nutrition group.Patients of EN group were given nutrition preparation through the jejunal nutrient canal beginning in the first day after operation and reduced the venous support gradually.Those of PN group were given parenteral nutritional supports from the the first day after operation until oral feeding.Results There were no significant differences between the EN group and PN group in the nutritional status.Both the first postoperative anoretum exhaust time and defecation time(52.9 ± 17.6;67.2 ± 9.3) h in group EN were less than that(71.4 ± 13.8;83.6 ± 10.1) h in group PN,there were significant differences between two groups(t = 2.58,3.56,all P＜0.05).The CRP in EN group after operation was obviously lower than preoperation(P＜0.05).Conclusion The early enteral nutrition could lower the stress reaction and promote the recovery of gastrointestinal tract function.

Objective:To study the expression of integrin ?_5,?_3 in eutopic endometrium and ectopic endometrium of endometriosis. Methods:Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) method was utilized to detect and quantitate integrin ?_5,?_3 mRNA expression levels in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues from 18 patients with endometriosis and the endometrial tissues from 18 non-endometriosis women.Serum concentration of estradiol(E_2),progesterone(P) and CA125 were measured by radioimmunoassay.AFS-r marking was used to describe the state of pelvic cavity during operation. Results:Various levels of positive expression of integrin subunits ?_5,?_3 were shown in both eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues of endometriosis and the endometrium of non-endometriosis.The expressions of integrin ?_5 mRNA in eutopic endometrium,ectopic endometrium of endometriosis group and endometrium of control group were as 0.773?0.113,1.077?0.032,0.924?0.120,respectively.(Among) the groups,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).Both CA125 level and AFS-r were positively correlated with integrin ?_5,?_3(P

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; administration & dosage ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; therapy ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Cyclopropanes ; administration & dosage ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Infusions, Intra-Arterial ; Liver Neoplasms ; therapy ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Mitomycin ; administration & dosage ; Phytotherapy

Objective To investigate the effects of sustained nitric oxide (NO) inhalation during operation on neutrophil CD11b expression and postoperative lung function in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) .Methods Forty-two ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients aged 35-53 yr weighing 47-69 kg undergoing cardiac valve replacement with CPB were randomly divided into 2 group:NO group(n = 21) and control group(n= 21) .In NO group the patients inhaled 40 ppm NO through the lungs and oxygenator after tracheal intubation during operation before the chest was closed. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 20 ?g?kg-1 and pipeceuronium 0.2 mg?kg-1 maintained with isofluarane inhalation and intermittern i.v. boluses of fentanyl and pipecuronium. A total of 5 000 000 IU aprotin was given during operation. Arterial blood samples were taken before induction of anesthesia (T0, baseline), immediately before CPB (T1 ) 10 rain after CPB was started (T2 ), immediately before aortic unclamping (T3 ) ,10 min after aortic unclamping (T4 ), at the end of operation (T5 ) , 12 h and 24 h after operation (T8 ,T9) for polylmorphonuclear(PMN) counts and determination of neutrophil CD11b expression . Blood gas analysis was performed PA-a O2 was calculated and dynamic compliance of respiratory system (Cdyn) was measured before induction of anesthesia, at the end of operation and at 4 and 8 h after operation. Results PMN count significantly decreased at T2 compared to baseline and then gradually increases ( P

Polyketides are very large group of natural products with functional and structural diversity.Most of them are produced by microor- ganism and have medicinal activities,including antibiotic,anticancer,antifungal and antiparasitic properties.The researchs in this area have progressed greatly.More and more polyketides are discovered,on the other hand the mechanisms of biosynthesis of those various polyketides are researched more deeply and clearly.The article reviewed the progress of the research in the diversity of polyketide synthases and the mechanisms of polyketide biosynthesise.

The total aralosides extracted from Aralia elata (Miq) Seem. were studied in mice ( 50 mg/kg/d for 7 d ) to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms on the molecular level.The results showed that aralosides can obviously stimulate the production of PGE2、PGF2, and cAMP but reduce the cGMP level and nave no effect on histamine release.It is suggested that the changes in the level of cyclic nucleotide might be due to the alternations of PGs, which is now been suspected as the "Second Messenger" . These findings could explain in part the pharmacological activities of aralosides on the molecular level.

OBJECTIVE:To introduce positive response to the security and effectiveness issues on OTC cough and cold medicines for children in New Zealand in order to provide reference for drug risk-benefit evaluation and putting forward reasonable management measures in China. METHODS:The concept of OTC cough and cold medicines for children were introduced firstly. Then the evaluation and countermeasures of OTC cough and cold medicines for children in New Zealand were also introduced. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:It has significance for the evaluation of drugs for sale that are review and evaluation,study and countermea-sures and dynamic tracking for OTC cough and cold medicines for children in New Zealand and the realistic attitude of New Zealand Drug and Medical Instruments Security Bureau.

Objective To study the change of maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin(MShCG) in preterm labor and the relationship between hCG and placental pathological changes. Metheds The preterm labor patients were chosen as the research subjects, the normal late-pregnancy women with the same gestational age were chosen as controls. MShCG level were measured by radioimmunoassy (RIA), placental tissue of preterm labor women was examined histologically. hCG in placental tissue was examined by semiquantiative immunohistochemistry. Results MShCG in preterm labor was significantly higher than that of control P

Objective To construct and appraise a series of shRNA eukaryotic expression plasmid which contains vary spots of human SKP2 gene.Methods Three pairs of hairpin-like oligonucleotide sequences specific for human SKP2 gene were designed and synthesized. They were cloned into the eukaryotic expression pSIREN-RetroQ plasmid. The recombinated plasmids were confirmed by PCR and sequencing.Results The shRNA sequences were constructed successfully, and could be inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pSIREN-RetroQ.Conclusions Three shRNA transcripting plasmids pSIREN-RetroQ are successfully constructed, and form a basis for research in cancer gene target therapy against SKP2 gene.