Objective: Based on the central-composite design (CCD), the genetic neural network (GNN) and genetic algorithm (GA) were applied to optimize the microwave extraction conditions of astragalus saponins. Methods: The HPLC fingerprint of astragaloside was constructed, and seven components (astragaloside I—V, isoastragaloside I, II) were selected to calculate the comprehensive score by the entropy weight method. On the basis of single factor experiment, CCD was used to designed the experimental condition. The quantitative relationship between extraction conditions and comprehensive score was established by GNN, and the optimal microwave extraction parameters of astragalus saponins were optimized by GA. Results: The optimal extraction conditions were obtained by GA-GNN. The extraction time was 260 s, the extraction power was 695 W, the ethanol content was 50%, the ratio of material to liquid was 21.5, and the comprehensive score of seven astragalosides was 1 432.584. Meanwhile, the optimal extraction conditions and comprehensive evaluation scores obtained were by response surface methodology (RSM). The extraction time was 190 s, the extraction power was 880 W, the ethanol content was 70%, the ratio of material to liquid was 18.5, and the comprehensive scores of seven astragaloside were 1 066.236. The experimental results showed that the extraction conditions obtained by GA-GNN can effectively increase the comprehensive score. Conclusion: It is feasible to construct a mathematical model between astragaloside components and microwave extraction conditions by using entropy weight method combined with GNN, which can provide a new scientific method for optimizing the extraction, separation, and purification of effective components of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To explore the changes in serum plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI-1),tissue factor(TF) and antithrombin Ⅲ(ATⅢ) in early period of severe limb injury,and their relationship with the occurrence of traumatic pre-DIC and DIC after trauma.Methods Thirty-five patients were divided into severe injury group(AIS score ≥3,20 cases),minor injury group(15 cases),and 10 healthy subjects served as control.The 35 patients with injury were divided again into pre-DIC group(10 cases),DIC group(3 cases),and others(22 cases).Fasting peripheral venous blood was collected on day 1,3,6 from the patients and healthy subjects.The changes in TF,ATⅢ and PAI-1 levels were detected and statistically analyzed.Results The PAI-1 levels were higher in minor injury group and severe injury group than that in control group on day 1(P

Objective To explore the correlation between the strength of trunk flexors and extensors obtained by isometric and isokinetic concentric tests. Methods The strength of trunk extensors and flexors were measured by isometric and isokinetic concentric tests during trunk flexion and extension in 50 healthy subjects, and the peak torque of flexion and extension (FPT and EPT) and the ratios of FPT/EPT were analyzed with correlation and regression analysis. Results The FPT and EPT of trunk flexors and extensors were positively correlated (r_F=0.827,P0.05, respectively), the regression equations of FPT and EPT were y^=8.158+1.097X and y^=-12.375+0.781X, respectively. Conclusion The isometric test of the trunk extensors and flexors could assess accurately the changes of the trunk muscle strength without aggravating pain and diseases. It is more reasonable to evaluate the stability of trunk with the FPT/EPT ratio at neutral position.

Objective To explore the related factors with skin flap necrosis,we concluded the cases of patients with skin defects after free flap plantation.Methods From 2001 to 2016,188 cases about 20 influencing factors were analyzed (The characteristics of patients:age,sex,smoke,diabetes,high blood pressure;Preoperative factors:injured sections,injured causes,preoperative wound infection,preoperative wound osteomyelitis,the time from injury to operation;Intraoperative factors:operator,operation time,anesthesia time,intraoperative rehydration fluids,the way of vascular anastomosis,the number of venous anastomosis,the area of flap;Postoperative factors:flap hematoma,flap infection,vascular crisis) and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between these risk factors and flap necrosis.Results All 188 cases were treated with free anterolateral thigh flap to repair soft tissue defect and it was revealed that the 174 cases were successful (92.55％) and 23 cases were occured vascular crisis (12.23％),8 cases were arterial crisis,11 cases were vein crisis,4 cases were ateriovenous crisis.After the treatment,the rescue was successful in 5 cases (38.46％).After the analysis we made the conclusion that the number of venous anastomoses,flap hematoma and vascular crisis were related with the skin flap necrosis.Conclusion The number of venous anastomose (≥2) will increase blood return to make the flap easier to survive.Intraoperative stanching and drainage tube placement work will reduce the skin flap hematoma as a result of reducing the skin flap necrosis.Artery and venous crisis handled in time,can enhance the survival rate of flap.

A UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was used to determinate the main active fractions gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, myricetrin, hyperoside and quercitrin in Polygonum capitatum extracts by in situ intestinal perfusion models; the absorption rate constants and cumulative penetration rate of absorption were calculated. The effect of different drug concentrations, different intestine segments, bile and P-gp inhibitors on the absorption mechanism of Gallic acid and other compositions in P. capitatum extracts. The experimental results showed that gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, myricetrin and quercitrin were observed saturated at high concentration (P < 0.05). Bile had significant inhibition effect on protocatechuic acid absorption and had promotion effect on myricetrin and hyperoside absorption (P < 0.05). P-gp inhibitor verapamil could significantly enhance the absorption of Protocatechuic acid (P < 0.05). The overall trend for absorption of various compositions was that small intestine > colon. This indicated that the absorption mechanism of P. capitatum extracts in rat intestine was in line with fist-order kinetics characteristics. The composition could be absorbed in all of the different intestinal segments, and the absorption was mainly concentrated in small intestine. The protocatechuic acid may be the substrate of P-gp.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Female ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Male ; Polygonum ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

AIM: To analyze the difference of endonuclease domain containing 1 (ENDOD1) expression be-tween benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) tissues and prostate cancer ( PCa ) tissues and to investigate the effect of ENDOD1 on the biological function of human prostate cancer cells .METHODS: The BPH samples ( n=20 ) and PCa samples (n=21) were processed and analyzed according to the instruction of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.The mRNA and protein levels of ENDOD 1 in the normal prostate epithelial cells and prostate cancer cells were evaluated by RT -qPCR and Western blot , respectively .The recombinant plasmids pCMV-N-Flag-ENDOD1 was constructed and was trans-fected into the human prostate cancer cells .The proliferation , apoptosis , migration and invasion abilities of the prostate cancer cells were evaluated by MTT assay , flow cytometry, Transwell migration and Matrigel invasion assays , respectively. RESULTS:The analysis of variance of the immunoreactivity score showed that PCa tissues with high Gleason score dis -played significantly lower ENDOD1expression than that with low Gleason score and BPH (P<0.05).The expression of ENDOD1 at mRNA and protein levels in PC3 cells and DU145 cells was significantly lower than that in the LNCap cells (P<0.05).The proliferation of DU145 transfected with ENDOD1 was inhibited.The flow cytometry indicated that ENDOD1 over-expression in the DU145 cells resulted in a notable increase in G0/G1 phase arrest (P<0.05), but the ap-optotic rates showed no statistical difference .The results of Transwell assay showed that migration and invasion abilities of the cells were also inhibited after transfection with over-expressing ENDOD1 plasmid (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The expression of ENDOD1 significantly decreased in prostate cancer with high Gleaon score .Meanwhile, the ENDOD1 is spe-cifically down-regulated in androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC) cell lines.Over-expression of ENDOD1 remark-ably inhibits the proliferation , migration and invasion abilities of AIPC .

Objective To analyze the setup errors of external?beam and intracavitary radiotherapy for cervical cancer based on the data of cone?beam computed tomography ( CBCT) , and to provide a basis for clinical practice. Methods Sixty patients with stage ⅡA?ⅢB cervical cancer who were admitted to our hospital and underwent external?beam and intracavitary radiotherapy from March to June, 2015 were enrolled as subjects. Sixty patients with stage ⅡA?ⅢB cervical cancer undergoing conventional external?beam radiotherapy within the same period were also enrolled. The CBCT?based setup errors, containing setup errors in x, y, and z directions and three?dimensional vector deviation, in the initial treatment were obtained from each patient. Comparison of errors between the two treatment approaches was made by independent?samples t test. Results Fitting the data to a linear model revealed that the setup errors in x, y, and z directions increased with the increase in the distance between the position reference point and the center point of the target volume. External?beam radiation combined with intracavitary radiation had significantly reduced setup errors in x, y, and z directions than the conventional external?beam radiation ( 0.13± 0?12 vs. 0.31± 0?24, P=0?000;0.23±0?18 vs. 0.47±0?36, P=0?001;0.18±0?11 vs. 0.27±0?18, P=0?001). Conclusions In order to reduce the setup errors, CT scan needs not only a reference marker as close as possible to the center of the tumor, but also a reliable and accurate approach for postural fixation.

BACKGROUND:The main component of cartilage, type Ⅱ col agen gene expression in chondrocyte is positively correlated with SOX9 concentration in a dose-dependent manner.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the variation of SOX9 and type Ⅱ col agen mRNA content at different periods in the differentiation process (osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic induction) of mesenchymal stem cel s, and to explore the correlation of SOX9 expression and type Ⅱ col agen.
METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were isolated from 4-week-old Kunming mice, and cultured in vitro to passage 3. The cel phenotype was identified with flow cytometry. Cel s were divided into three groups and subjected to three kinds of induction conditions favorable for adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation, and each group was observed at three time points. In addition, the non-induced cel s were used as a control group. The total RNA of cel s was extracted at 3, 7, 14 days after induction, and SOX9 and type Ⅱ col agen mRNA was quantified with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The induced cel s were stained by immunofluorescence to observe the differentiation and perform statistical analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s grew wel , and cel phenotype was confirmed as stem cel s by flow cytometry. The staining results showed that, the cel s differentiated into chondrocytes, adipocytes and osteoblasts. The SOX9 mRNA levels in the induced cel s were the highest in chondrogenic differentiation group, then in osteogenic differentiation group, and the lowest in adipogenic differentiation group. Type Ⅱ col agen mRNA levels in the induced cel s were the highest in chondrogenic differentiation group, then in adipogenic differentiation group, and the lowest in osteogenic differentiation group. SOX9 expression in chondrogenic differentiation group increased at 3 and 7 days, and then decreased at 14 days. While type Ⅱ col agen expression increased at 3, 7, 14 days. SOX9 mRNA levels increased as the osteogenic differentiation, while type Ⅱ col agen expression gradual y decreased. There was no significant difference in the SOX9 mRNA expression between adipogenic differentiation group and control group (P>0.05), while type Ⅱ col agen expression was not regularly changed. Experimental findings suggest that, critical effect of SOX9 in chondrogenic differentiation is better than that in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. SOX9 is associated with type Ⅱcol agen, which may alter along with the SOX9 in the early chondrogenic differentiation;SOX9 may play a fine-tuning role in the process of chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation.

Objective To study the biological characteristics of cypermethrin?resistance strain and?susceptible strain of Ae?des albopictus under different controlled temperatures in the laboratory. Methods The two strains were raised at three different temperatures 20 25℃and 28℃respectively and the biological characteristics of the two mosquito strains such as reproduc?tion development and life expectancy were observed and recorded in the laboratory. Results The life expectancy of both strains became shorter as the temperature raised and the resistant strain 69.37%± 0.01% 77.04%± 0.07% lived shorter than the susceptible strain 85.24%±0.03% 88.23%±0.05% in average. Under 25℃ the hatching rate of resistant strain decreased by 25.88% and the pupation rate decreased by 11.18%. In the three temperatures all the life expectancy expanded as the tem?perature went up the periods for the susceptible strain were 19.75±0.10 23.65±0.07 d and 25.08±0.08 d under 28 25℃and 20℃. While life expectancy for the resistant strain decreased to 17.21±0.09 20.95±0.09 22.58±0.10 d. Under the same tem?perature the development timing of the resistance strain was longer than that of the susceptible strain and the period was the longest under 28 ℃ 156.2 h 137.1 h . In the three temperatures all the development periods expanded as the temperature went up the susceptible and resistant larvae developed 137.1 d and 163.3 d 247.7 d and 156.2 d 182.3 d and 263.2 d under 28 25℃and 20℃. The differences show statistic significance P<0.05 . Conclusion The resistance of A. albopictus to cy?permethrin results in the decrease of adaptability to the environment change and the disadvantage of reproduction at different temperatures.