Objective To investigate the prevention and treatment strategy of bile duct injury (BDI) in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods Latest progress was reviewed based on recent documents and the experience on BDI in LC in our department. Results With the popularity of LC, BDI in LC is increasing. The reasons include illegibility and variability of local anatomy in gallbladder trigone,injury caused by galvanothermy, as well as operator’s over confidence. In order to prevent BDI, we should apply more blunt dissection, not to use electrocogulation if possible and to study local anatomy and its variance clearly. The common bile duct and common hepatic duct should be clearly identified. Intraoperative cholangiography, laparoscopic ultrasonography and hepatobiliary scintigraphy are selections as necessary.The treatment of BDI depends on the type of BDI and its site and local condition.The treatment includes end to end anastomosis, repairing the defect, choledochoduodenostomy, Roux en Y choledochojejunostomy and so on. T tube should be maintained in place for more than half a year after operation.Conclusion The key to improve the prognosis of BDI is prevention and treatment in proper time and in correct way.

Objective To investigate the correlation of intima-media thickness (IMT) of the lower peripheral arteries and maximal shear rate (SR) in diabetic (DM) patients and to analyze the related risk factors.Methods A total of 84 diabetic patients and 46 controls were recruited in the study.Color Doppler ultrasonography technique was applied to observe the IMT,diameter(D) and hemodynamics of the lower peripheral arteries and the comparison with biochemical parameters was carried out in order to reveal their correlation to the pathological changes of vascular in DM patients.ResultsIn DM group,the SR was lower than that in control group (P＜0.05).The risk factors related to the lower peripheral arteries of DM patients also were significant difference to that of control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The decrease of SR in diabetes patients can cause the thicker IMT,which is one of the important factors leading to atherosclerosis and is correlated to various risk factors for metabolic syndrome.

The vast majority of traumatic cranial nerve injuries are associated with compression of fragment fracture, and microsurgery outside the epidural can be used for most of the cases. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis of cranial nerve injury is especially important. As the cranial nerves go out of the cranial cavity through the holes and cracks of the skull base, and there are a number of special structures through which cranial nerve goes into the human skull, and they include the optic canal, superior orbital fissure, facial nerve canal, jugular foramen and so on. Most traumatic cranial nerve injuries are associated with these structures; however, the common imaging examination is very difficult for these structures due to their deep location. To further study the imaging diagnosis of cranial nerve injury associated with traumatic brain injury, this paper reviews the radiological technology for examination of the special positions in the skull.

Objective To measure the macular function of the fellow eye in patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusion (RVO).Methods A total of 24 cases of unilateral RVO were diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA),and multifocal ERG (mfERG) was recorded by RETI scan.The mfERG data of 24 fellow eyes of those RVO patients,and 18 normal control eyes were analyzed and compared.The parameters included the amplitude density,latency of the P1 and N1 wave in 6 concentric circles and 4quadrants of the mfERG graphics.Results The amplitude densities of P1 and N1 wave in first and second concentric circles of RVO fellow eyes were significantly lower than normal eyes (t=4.520,2.147;P＜0.05).There was no significant difference (P＞0.05) of P1/N1 latency in any concentric circles or quadrants between RVO fellow eyes and normal eyes.Conclusion The central fovea of the RVO fellow eyes was functionally impaired.

Objective To illustrate a method of lifting the upper-lip to alleviate the aging face,and to evaluate its effects and risks.Methods In the past two years,53 cases of overlong upper-lip were performed with this procedure.The recovery periods,lifted effects,side effects and the total satisfactions were evaluated.Results As for recovery periods,edema roughly reduced in 6-20 months,reddish scar faded in 1-11 months,expression restored in 2-8 months,and numbness disap peared from 4 to over 18 months.The lifted effects showed that 37 cases (78.7％) were satisfactory,7 cases (14.9％) of the lifting was not enough and still complained a long upper-lip,2 cases (4.2％) was ineffective,and 1 case (2.1 ％) considered an excessive lifting.The long term follow-up showed that 3 cases (6.4％) had obvious scar (visible at a distance of more than 1 m),14 cases (29.8％) had depression of columella/base of nostril alar or with increased exposure of nostril,3 cases (6.4 ％) had expansion or morphological changes of alar,6 cases (12.8％) had increased thickness of the upper lip and prominent vermilion tubercle,1 case (2.1％) had changes of expression,1 case (2.1％) had asymmetry,1 case (2.1％) had arching sagging,and 35 cases (74.5％) had numbness or insensitivity of upper-lip.Overall results showed very satisfied in 29 cases (61.7％),satisfied in 15 cases (31.9 ％) and dissatisfied in 3 cases (6.4 ％).Conclusions The technique for upper-lip lifting displays a significant effect with few complication.It is recommended for further clinical application.

Antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus (ApNPV) PstI-B and C fragments were cloned and sequenced. ApNPV PstI-B was 7406 bp long, contained seven open reading frames (orfs)/genes, including p87, he65, pnk/pnl, odv-ec43 and Orgyia pseudotsugata multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV) orf107,orf108 homologue on either strands of genomic DNA. ApNPV PstI-C was 6663 bp long, contained eleven orfs/genes, including pk-1, orf1629, polh, lef-2, ptp-2, ctl-1, ptp-1 and OpMNPV orf5, orf7, orf8, orf1 1 homologue on either strands of genomic DNA. Among the eighteen baculovirus genes identification, he65 and orf1629 were two diverse genes, while polh and lef-2 were two conserved genes. ApNPV was the third baculovirus found to contain pnk/pnl gene, the fourth baculovirus found to contain both ptp-1 and ptp-2 gene.

Objective To study the regulation of quorum sensing molecule tyrosol and farnesol on biofilm formation of Candida albicans. Methods Candida albicans biofilms of clinic isolates and standard strain SC5314 were built when quorum sensing molecule existed. And inverted microscope was used to observe the morphology of C. albicans cells. RT-PCR and MTT assay were carried out to investigate the effect of quorum sensing molecule on expression of the two genes (HTA1 and EFG1) and cytoactive. Results Tyrosol could not promote hyphae development and cytoactive of C. albicans biofilms. The expression of HTA1 of C. albicans in biofilms was up-regulated by tyrosol but EFG1 was not. The inhibitory effect of farnesol on hyphae development, cytoactive and gene expression were not changed by addition of tyrosol. Conclusion Tyrosol can make C. albicans biofilms active in early stage. But when tyrosol and farnesol were simultaneously added, the effect of tyrosol were masked by farnesol. And C. albicans cells were more sensitive to farnesol than to tyrosol.

Objective To observe the morphology of thoracolumbar spinal nerve roots and their surrounding structures, in order to find out their anatomical relationship and to improve surgical procedures as well as to reduce the operative injury and complications. Methods 16 adult cadavers were studied anatomically. The diameters of spinal nerve roots from T10 to L3 at the outlet of intervertebral foramen, the percentages of the distance from spinal nerve roots to the upper border of corresponding vertebral bodies in vertebral height, the angles between spinal nerve roots with lateral border of vertebrae were measured and analyzed. The surgical incision and procedure for the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture were designed and applied in 58 patients of thoracolumbar injury. Results The diameters of spinal nerve roots increased gradually from T10 to L3 in the intervertebral foramen. The percentages of the distance from spinal nerve roots to the upper border of vertebrae in vertebral height gradually became larger too. The angles between spinal nerve roots with vertebral bodies diminished gradually. Around intervertebral foramen, the pattern of spinal nerves and blood vessels was arranged in order as vein, nerve and artery from above down below. The nerves and vessels extended out of the intervertebral foramen together. In clinical practice, 58 cases of thoracolumbar injury were surgically treated with traditional anterior approach and "renal" incision in 35 cases, and with modified anterior approach in "┑" shape in 23 cases. Prior to the modification of surgical techniques, the mean amount of blood loss was 670 ml, the mean operation time was 199 min; however, by the modification of surgical procedures, the mean amount of blood loss decreased to 435 ml, and the mean operation time reduced to 137 min. In an average follow-up of 9 months, the spine recovered to normal curvature and alignment in all cases; the fusion rate was 100%; no failure of implant occurred; neurological function was improved at least one grade in 94.5%. Conclusion Modified anterior approach is helpful to reduce operative injuries and complications. It makes surgical manipulation feasible comparing to the traditional approach.

Objective: To determine if IFN-?2a and HSV-tk/GCV have synergy on the cell killing of the SKOV3 human ovarian tumor cell line. Methods: hytk gene retroviral vector plasmid was transduced into SKOV3 cells. Both the cytotoxicity and the bystander effect were evaluated after the treatment of GCV. IFN-?2a and HSV-tk/GCV were used together to determine if they have synergy on the tumor cell killing effect, then post-treatment cell cycle analysis was carried out.Results: A dose dependent cell killing of SKOV3/hytk was observed after treatment with GCV. Bystander effect was seen in mixed culture of hytk-positive and -negative cells. Furthermore, IFN-?2a had a significant (P

Objective To evaluate the effects of consolidation chemotherapy on postponing the relapse in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Methods 44 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma treated in our hospital from March 2000 to April 2004 were enrolled. Clinical complete remission was achieved after standard treatments in all these patients, and they were randomly assigned into consolidation group and control group. Relapse rate and Disease-free Survival were analyzed. Results 22 patients were assigned to consolidation group, and 22 patients as control group. The latest follow up examination was done in July 2005. Relapse rate was 45.5% in consolidation group, and 59.1% in control group (P=0.365). Mean relapse time in consolidation group was 25.3?9.3 months, and was 16.9?6.7 months in control group (P=0.019). Mean Disease-free Survival was 31.9?14.8 months in consolidation group, and was 22.7?12.9 months, in control group (P=0.033). Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis showed no significant difference P=0.22. Conclusion Consolidation chemotherapy may postpone tumor relapse and prolong Disease-free survival in patients with clinical complete remission advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma. While it hasn′t been proved but the results in present study did not prove that consolidation chemotherapy could lower relapse rate or elevate survival rate. Further study is needed to achieve better results.