Clinical efficacy scale of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) should be built according to the characteristics of TCM, scientific demand, and demonstrated by practice. This paper provides some considerations of the scale.

Brain injury of premature infant is a hot topic in the neonatal clinical study. Early diagnosis and intervention can improve the prognosis of premature infants. Although there are some interventions for brain injury of premature infants, most of them do not have evidence-based study to support the clinical application. Antenatal application of magnesium sulfate for pregnant women and application of erythropoietin for preterm infants may be the most promising interventions. Avoiding prematurity and brain damage is the key interventions for brain damage of premature infants.

Objective To evaluate the association between the expression of PTEN protein and the clinicopathological char‐acteristics of breast cancer patients .Methods All eligible studies regarding the association of PTEN protein expression with clini‐copathological features in patients with breast cancer were retrieved from PubMed ,Embase ,Cochrane Library ,CNKI and Wanfang databases .Odds ratio(OR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval(95% CI) form eligible studies were pooled .Heterogeneity and publication bias were also evaluated .All analyses were operated using RevMan 5 .2 software .Results A total of 28 articles con‐taining 3 172 patients were ultimately included for this Meta‐analysis .Our findings revealed that the expression level of PTEN was significantly correlated with estrogen receptor status(OR= 3 .16 ,95% CI:2 .01 -4 .97 ,P< 0 .01) ,progesterone receptor status (OR=2 .27 ,95% CI:1 .70 -3 .04 ,P<0 .01) ,lymph node metastasis(OR=0 .36 ,95% CI :0 .27 -0 .49 ,P<0 .01) ,clinical stage (OR=2 .59 ,95% CI:2 .04-3 .30 ,P<0 .01) and histological grade(OR=2 .19 ,95% CI:1 .74-2 .75 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion Aber‐rant PTEN expression might have strong impacts on carcinogenesis ,tumor progression ,invasion and prognosis ,which makes it a potential biomarker for early cancer screening and endocrine therapy in breast cancer .

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy,safety,the maximal tolerated dose(MTD) and dose-limiting toxicity(DLT) of docetaxel(TXT) in the treatment advanced breast cancer.METHODS:Docetaxel was given by drip infusion in escalating doses from the initial dose of 65 mg?m-2 to 75 mg?m-2 and 85 mg?m-2 until the appearance of DLT.RESULTS:Among the 15 cases,1 case with CR,5 PR,4 SD,and 5 PD.The DLT of TXT was neutropenia,and its MTD was 85 mg?m-2.CONCLUSION:Docetaxel(at a dose of 75 mg?m-2) showed remarkable efficacy and good tolerance in patietns with advanced breast cancer.

Based on the shortcomings of graduate education in clinical medicine of our country and the characteristics of this specialty, the author point out that the cultivation of graduates in otolaryngology, head and neck surgery should be focused on the training of humanities, professional knowledge and skills. And they also make some suggestions and discussion about the reform of graduate education mode.

Falling in the elderly is a major health problem and may cause severe consequences. Fall risk assessment is important for preventing and intervening fall incidence. Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) has been introduced to evaluate motion/balance function and fall risk among the older people. Some researches indicated that it might have advantages over the usual tools, and can be used in the hospitals, communities, nursing homes, etc. IMU is a good way to measure gait variability, which may be strongly related with the risk of falls.

By literature survey searching references and parsing prescriptions, the auther has analyze the clinical advantage of Miao medicine in the treatment of symptom heat stranguria. Guizhou Miao medicine Polygonum capitatum has many advantages such as resources and clinical. After companying with Phellodendri Cortex, the compound prescription plays the pharmacological activity of antipyretic and diuretic, especially for the symptom heat stranguria, damp and hot junction based in the bladder. Miao medicine Kelintong capsule showed clinical advantage in the treatment of symptom heat stranguria, having a clinical advantage in improving the overall effectiveness and improve the overall aspects of the patient's symptoms.
Animals ; Capsules ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Polygonum ; chemistry ; Urination Disorders ; drug therapy

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),the rate-limited enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandin,has been found overexpression in many malignant tumors.The overexpression of COX-2 plays an important role in tumor genesis and progression and is closely associated with tumor prognosis,so this enzyme has become one of the potential therapeutic targets.Experimental studies reveal that selective COX-2 inhibitors can enhance the tumor radiosensitivity through a variety of molecular pathways and have a protective effect for normal tissues.Selective COX-2 inhibitors are promising radiotherapy modifiers and the underlying molecular mechanisms still need to be further studied.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bacteriostatic efficacy of diclofenac sodium eye drops and to explore the reasonable dose of benzalkonium chloride, ethylparaben and thimerosal in diclofenac sodium eye drops. METHODS: According to the method of bacteriostatis effect test in 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Ch.P),and Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pesudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger as test strains,the bacteriostatis effect of diclofenac sodium eye drops from 10 batches of the samples was determined. Also, the concentration gradient of benzalkonium chloride, ethylparaben and thimerosal in diclofenac sodium eye drops was designed to investigate the optimum bacteriostatic concentration. RESULTS: The samples from 3 manufacturers could reach level B, no sample could reach level A,and those from 7 manufacturers did not comply with the specification. When the concentration of thimerosal was 0.01 mg•mL-1 and the concentration of ethylparaben was 0.3 mg•mL-1 in diclofenac sodium eye drops, the bacteriostatic efficacy could reach level B. When the concentration of benzalkonium chloride was 0.01 mg•mL-1, the bacteriostatic efficacy could reach level A. CONCLUSION: The bacteriostatis effect of diclofenac sodium eye drops from 10 batches of the samples is not good, It is recommended that these manufacturers should optimize the type and concentration of antimicrobial agents and optimize their formulation based on both biological tests and physical-chemical tests to ensure drug safety.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of metallothionein(MTs)gene expression and explore the important significance of MTs during hepatocarcinogenesis.Methods One hundred and twenty-five SPF 5 -8-week old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group and model group.Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was given to the mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg, ip, and 50 mg/kg, ip, in the first and next week, respectively.The mice were given ethanol (53%, 5 mL/kg/day, 5 days/week) from the third week of experiment till 35 weeks.At 1, 3, 9, 13, 24 and 35 weeks of the experiment, liver samples were taken for histopathological examination of liver damages and incidence of HCC. The liver index and malondialdehyde (MDA) of liver homogenate were determined.All liver tissue samples were examined by histopathology using hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Masson and reticular fiber staining.Real-time RT-PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression level of liver metallothionein-1 /2 (MT-1 /2) in different periods.Results Progressive liver damages in model group mice were identified in different periods.Hepatocytes abnormal tission and abnormal liver plate structure, architecture often characteristic of HCC could be seen in approximately 50% of mice at 35 weeks.In addition to these, a higher liver index also were seen at 35 weeks.Increased MDA levels in the mouse liver tissues were observed in each stage.Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that significantly increased transcription of MT-1 and MT-2 at 1, 3 and 9 weeks, then gradually declined and even below the normal level.Conclusions MTs gene expression levels in mouse liver tissues are changed from significantly increased in the early stage of injury to decreased expression combined with distinct fibrosis. Our findings further demonstrate that the down-regulation of MTs level is closely correlated with hepatocarcinogenesis.