Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by absolute lack of insulin secretion and progressive pancreatic β cell damage.Patients require lifelong subcutaneous injection of insulin.However,this treatment could induce great pain without improving long-term prognosis.Along with the medicine development,comprehensive methods including genetic technology are adopted to achieve pancreatic β cell regeneration and transformation.Protecting the function of remaining pancreatic β cells for T1DM patients provides a new insight in prevention of acute and chronic T1DM complications.Currents studies of islet β cell reconstruction focus on islet transplantation,stem cell transplantation and immune regulator applications.Unfortunately,owing to their limitations,these methods cannot satisfy clinical application.While transdifferentiation of pancreatic islet δ cells has become a hope recently because of its unique advantages.In this paper,we will summarize the technical methods,influence factors and possible mechanisms of the transdifferentiation of pancreatic islet δ cells.

Ultrastructural studies of SRS-82 cell line demonstrated certain morphologic characteristics of lymphocytes and the presence of intracistenal type A virus in the cytoplasm. Inoculation of cell-free extract from SRS-82 cell line into 24 newborn mice of Kunmin strain, leukemias were induced in 15 mice (62.5%). Among them 14 are lymphocytic (14/15) and only one is myelocytic (1/15). The average induction period was 169 days. Furthermore, on transfer of ultracentifugation precipitate suspension of SRS-82 culture supernate into 16 newborn mice of Kunmin strain, the incidence of leukemia was 250% (all were lymphocytic). The results showed that both the cell-free extract and culture supernate from mouse SRS-82 cell line were leukemogenic. The relationship between the virus and the type of leukemia induced remains to be studied.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and control the risk factors about nosocomial fungal infection in cerebral apoplectic patients. METHODS To study retrospectively 3027 hospitalized patients with cerebral apoplexia in our hospital from Sep 2002 to Sep 2005. RESULTS The incidence of nosocomial fungal infection was 3.24% in all(3 027 cases).Nosocomial fungal infection occurred mainly in lower respiratory tract(67.2%) and oral cavity(21.1%),the main pathogens of nosocomial fungal infection were Candida spp(96.7%).Developments of nosocomial fungal infections were closely related with aging,time of antibiotics therapy,coma,bed-days,diabetes mellitus,difficulties in swallowing,and hypoalbuminemia. CONCLUSIONS The rate of nosocomial fungal infections is higher in cerebral apoplectic patients with aging coma,long bed-days,diabetes mellitus,difficulties in swallowing,hypoalbuminemia,and receiving broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents therapy.Candida spp are the main pathogens of nosocomial fungal infections.We must take some measures to control the risk factors mentioned above and prevent nosocomial fungal infections.

Objective:To investigate the distribution characteristics of the abnormal karyotpye in Children of Chongqing, to provide the information for management, prenatal diagnosis and intervention. Methods:Samples of the peripheral blood lymphocyte from 4 628 children were prepared with routine cytogenetic methods,G-bangding was employed for karyotype analysis, and C-banding was used when necessary. Results:A total of 22.67%(1 049/4 628) patients were identified to have abnormalities with 73 kinds of karyotypes. Among these aberrations, 874(83.32%) cases were euchromosome malformation,159(15.16%)were sex chromosome malformation,and Down’s syndrome,Turner’s syndrome were the most common. Mental retardation,short stature and congenital malformation were the three main causes of genetic counseling,and the major age grades were infants,school children and preschool children in-sequence,42.57%(742/1 743)with mental retardation,9.98%(98/982) with short stature,and 8.10%(56/691)with congenital malformation were detected to have abnormalities,which were coincided with clinical diagnosis,respectively. Conclusion:The abnormal karyotypes are various and complex in Chongqing,routine karyotyping is necessary for children of mental retardation,congenital malformation and growth retardation with unknown reason,since it can benefit for early management and intervention of genetic diseases.

Objective:To investigate the relationship of gene expression and activity of chymase and Ang Ⅱwith nephropathy in the streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic hamsters.Methods:Thirty male hamsters were randomly divided into two groups:normal controls and diabetic rats.Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection.The nephritic ultrastructure was observed with electron microscope.The levels of blood glucose,lipoprotein were measured by biochemical methods.The level of angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) and the activity of chymase and angiotensin-convertion enzyme(ACE) were measured by radioimmuno assay.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to determine chymase gene expression(corrected by ?-actin).Results:Chymase activity in DN group was much higher than that in the control group(0.82?0.05) U vs(0.49?0.03) U,P

Animals ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cell Division ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Macrophages ; cytology ; Signal Transduction ; immunology ; physiology ; Space Flight ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Weightlessness

Altitude Sickness ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases

Adult ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Noise, Occupational ; adverse effects ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology

Low-level laser biostimulation can be applied in wound therapy to speed up the wound healing,prevent infection and relieve the pain.Although it is still a problem how to select the laser wavelength,power and dose for different wounds because of its unclear mechanism,it has been proved that LLLT has good curative effect and application prospect in wound healing.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of the coronal plane of three-dimensional ultrasonography in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods Ninety-seven patients with 106 solid breast lesions were analyzed retrospectively. Two-dimensional images were evaluated with breast imaging reporting and data system for ultrasonography (BI-RADS-US) classification and were compared with pathological results. The value of two-dimensional ultrasound in the differentiation of benign and malignant lesions of breast lesions was evaluated. The ultrasonographic features on three-dimensional coronary plane of breast benign or malignant masses were analyzed by multiple stepwise binary logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and the areas under curves were calculated to evaluate the ability of regression model in diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions. Results The pathological results revealed that 106 lesions were consisted of 71 breast cancers and 35 benign neoplasms. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and speciifcity were 85.8%, 84.5%and 88.6%respectively. Two ultrasonic features which were finally applied into the Logistic regression model were angulation or spiculation and′sun-like symptom′. The area under the ROC curve was 0.899, the standard error was 0.033, and the 95%conifdence interval was between 0.834 and 0.965. The logistic regression model could be useful for classiifcation of benign and malignant breast masses. The diagnostic accuracy was 88.7%(94/106), sensitivity was 90.1%(64/71), speciifcity was 85.7%(30/35), positive predictive value was 92.8%(64/69) and negative predictive value was 81.1%(30/37) respectively. Conclusions The coronal plane of breast three-dimensional, especially angulation or spiculation and′sun-like symptom′have an important value in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions. For complicated lesions, three-dimensional ultrasound coronal plane is helpful to improve the doctor′s diagnosis conifdence.