BACKGROUND:There is a lack of study on material properties and parameters of foot finite element models in China. Vernier caliper is a common method for measuring the width and thickness of ligaments and tendons to calculate the cross-sectional area.
OBJECTIVE:To design a new ligament cross-sectional area measuring instrument to improve the measurement accuracy.
METHODS:The cross-sectional area of the five fresh cadaver ankle ligaments was respectively measured using the new instrument and vernier caliper, and then a comparative analysis of the two measurement methods was performend.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The cross-sectional area of anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, tibionavicular ligament and calcaneotibial ligament was (20.61±7.52), (22.38±11. 49), (33.09±9.91) and (28.20±10.88) mm2, respectively measured by the vernier caliper, and (17.59±4.03), (20.77±7.91), (28.08±8.14) and (30.39±7.98) mm2 by the new ligament cross-sectional area measuring instrument. These results suggest that this new measuring instrument is accurate, reliable and easy to operate, which can be used as a special instrument to measure ligament cross-sectional area, but further studies wil be necessary.

Objective:To compare the survival rate and adverse reactions of patients with advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy, and to analyze the prognostic factors of patients.Methods:The clinicopathologic data of 78 patients with advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma admitted to the Department of Radiation Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University from August 2013 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy group ( n=27) and chemoradiotherapy group ( n=51) according to different treatment methods. The median follow-up time was 46 months (20-84 months). The main observation indicators were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and local control rate (LCR). Cox regression model was used to analyze the prognostic factors. Results:Until July 31, 2020, 51 of the 78 patients with advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma died, including 6 cases of local recurrence, 11 cases of distant metastasis, and 34 cases of other causes (15 cases of hemorrhage, 15 cases of cachexia, and 4 cases of other diseases). In the surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy group, 12 patients died, accounting for 44.44%. In the chemoradiotherapy group, 39 patients died, accounting for 76.47%. The 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates of 78 patients were 57.7%, 36.3% and 27.2% respectively, the 1-, 2- and 3-year PFS rates were 49.5%, 38.7% and 32.6% respectively, and the 1-, 2- and 3-year LCR were 53.4%, 40.0% and 34.2% respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates in the surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy group were 74.1%, 50.1% and 44.6%, and those in the chemoradiotherapy group were 49.0%, 29.3% and 12.8%, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=5.142, P=0.023). The 1-, 2- and 3-year PFS rates in the surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy group were 62.1%, 54.3% and 44.4%, and those in the chemoradiotherapy group were 43.1%, 30.6% and 26.7%, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=3.222, P=0.073). The 1-, 2- and 3-year LCR of the surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy group were 69.8%, 54.3% and 44.4%, and those in the chemoradiotherapy group were 45.1%, 32.9% and 29.6%, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=3.576, P=0.059). The results of univariate analysis showed that tumor T stage ( χ2=7.140, P=0.008), N stage ( χ2=4.493, P=0.034) and treatment method ( χ2=5.142, P=0.023) were all independent influencing factors of the OS of patient with advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma; T stage ( χ2=5.807, P=0.016) and N stage ( χ2=6.587, P=0.010) were both independent influencing factors of PFS. The results of multivariate analysis showed that tumor T stage ( HR=2.121, 95% CI: 1.142-3.938, P=0.017), N stage ( HR=2.088, 95% CI: 1.144-3.811, P=0.016) and treatment method ( HR=0.430, 95% CI: 0.226-0.815, P=0.010) were all independent prognostic factors of the OS of patients with advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma; T stage ( HR=1.884, 95% CI: 1.011-3.510, P=0.046) and N stage ( HR=1.904, 95% CI: 1.058-3.429, P=0.032) were both independent prognostic factors of PFS. During the treatment period, there were statistically significant differences in the incidences of radioactive pharyngitis [7.41% (2/27) vs. 39.22% (20/51), χ2=8.821, P=0.003] and radioactive dermatitis [3.70% (1/27) vs. 29.41% (15/51), χ2=7.156, P=0.007] between the surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy group and the chemoradiotherapy group. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of radioactive oral mucositis [11.11% (3/27) vs. 17.65% (9/51), χ2=0.186, P=0.666], bone marrow suppression [37.04% (10/27) vs. 50.98% (26/51), χ2=1.381, P=0.240], pharynx infection [11.11% (3/27) vs. 5.88% (3/51), χ2=0.143, P=0.706] and tracheal fistula [7.41% (2/27) vs. 0 (0/51), P=0.117] between the two groups. Conclusion:The 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates in the surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy group are higher than those in the chemoradiotherapy group, and the incidences of adverse reactions are low. T stage, N stage and treatment method are independent prognostic factors for OS of advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients, while T stage and N stage are independent prognostic factors for PFS.

The most toxic DNA damage is DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), which are mainly repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) belongs to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-related protein kinase family (PIKK) and plays a key role in NHEJ. DNA-PK is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cells and is related to the occurrence, development and drug resistance of malignant tumors. In this article, the representative DNA-PK inhibitors with anticancer effects are reviewed, in order to provide a reference to discovery novel DNA-PK inhibitors.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of rotator cuff repair surgery in treating proximal humeral fractures and its association with patient age and Neer classification.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 90 patients with proximal humeral fractures who underwent rotator cuff repair surgery at the Marine Police Corps Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force between January 2020 and January 2023. The clinical data of these patients were retrieved from the hospital's medical record database. Based on the age distribution of the patients, they were divided into four groups: Group 1 (> 18 years old and < 30 years old, n = 10), Group 2 (≥ 30 years old and < 45 years old, n = 15), Group 3 (≥ 45 years old and < 60 years old, n = 40), and Group 4 (> 60 years old, n = 25). There were no statistically significant differences in baseline data among the four groups (all P > 0.05), indicating comparability. Additionally, these patients were divided into three groups based on Neer classification: Group I (Neer type II, n = 28), Group II (Neer type III, n = 30), and Group III (Neer type IV, n = 32). Differences in various outcome measures related to treatment efficacy, including operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Constant-Murley score, Neer shoulder function score, and the overall incidence of postoperative complications, were recorded and compared across different age groups. Overall efficacy was assessed according to the Neer criteria: > 90 points as excellent, 80-89 as good, 70-79 as fair, and < 70 as poor. Results:After 6 months of surgery, the overall clinical treatment effectiveness rate was 95.56% (86/90). At 2 weeks postoperatively, the VAS score was (3.45 ± 1.35) points, which was significantly decreased compared with the level measured preoperatively ( P < 0.05). At 6 months postoperatively, the Constant-Murley score and Neer shoulder function score were (90.34 ± 6.34) points and (86.34 ± 5.46) points, respectively (both P < 0.05), which were significantly increased compared with the levels measured preoperatively. There were significant differences in fracture healing time ( F = 4.89, P < 0.05), intraoperative blood loss ( F = 5.28, P < 0.05), VAS score ( F = 5.02, P < 0.05), and Neer shoulder function score ( F = 5.32, P < 0.05) and Constant-Murley scores ( F = 3.85, P < 0.05) compared with before treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall incidence of postoperative complications or surgical time among Groups 1, 2, 3,and 4 [0 vs. 5.00% (2/40) vs. 6.67% (1/15) vs. 12.00% (3/25), χ2 = 0.98, P > 0.05]. Group III had longer surgical time and fracture healing time compared with Groups I and II ( F = 4.55, 4.23, both P < 0.05), with greater intraoperative blood loss ( F = 5.24, both P < 0.05). Additionally, Group III had a higher VAS score compared with Groups I and II ( F = 5.06, P < 0.05), while the Neer shoulder joint function score and Constant-Murley score in Group III were lower ( F = 3.83, 4.56, both P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the overall incidence of postoperative complications among the Groups I, II, and III [9.38% (3/32) vs. 3.57% (1/28) vs. 6.67% (2/30), χ2 = 1.00, all P > 0.05]. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between patient age, Neer classification, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, and VAS score ( r = 0.565, all P < 0.05), and a negative correlation with the Neer shoulder joint function score ( r = -0.620, P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between patient age, Neer classification, and the Constant-Murley score ( r = -0.008, P > 0.05). Conclusion:The rotator cuff repair is effective in treating proximal humeral fractures, but the effectiveness varies depending on patient age and Neer classification. Patient age and Neer classification are positively correlated with intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, and VAS score, while they are negatively correlated with the Neer shoulder joint function score.

OBJECTIVETo study the preventing effects of procyanidins (PC) on selenite cataract in rats and the time-effect relationship.

METHODForty five SD rats were divided into three groups: control, model and experiment groups. The rats in the experiment group were fed additionally with the PC by 80 mg x kg(-1) when they were supplied the equal selenite with the model group. Five rats of each group were regularly sacrificed by bleeding from femoral artery at sixth, eleventh, sixteenth day and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) of all lenses was measured.

RESULTCompared with the model group, the level of the MDA in the experiment group at the eleventh day and the sixteenth day greatly decreased (P < 0.01). At the sixteenth day the level of the SOD and GSH-Px had an increase (P < 0.01), which showed its anti-oxygenation.

CONCLUSIONPC indicated the obvious inhibition in the development of the rat cataract. The treatment period was recommended at least for fifteen days.

Animals ; Cataract ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Female ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Proanthocyanidins ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Selenite ; pharmacology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effects of the no-flip procedure with the Chinese Shang Ring when circumcising adult males with redundant prepuce or phimosis, and to discuss its advantages and disadvantages.

METHODSUsing the no-flip Shang Ring technique, we performed circumcision for 167 adult males aged 18 -72 (mean 27.8) years with redundant prepuce or phimosis, and analyzed the clinical data, including the operation time, postoperative complications, ring-removal time, and postoperative appearance of the penis.

RESULTSComplete follow-up data of 94 cases (56.29%) were obtained. The mean operation time was (5.03 +/- 0.71) minutes and the average ring-removal time was (18.83 +/- 6.70) days. The primary postoperative complications were edema (35 cases [37.23%] at 2 weeks and 9 cases [9.57%] at 4 weeks), including 2 severe cases (2.13%), and infection (3 cases [3.19%]). The pain scores were 2.01 +/- 2.46 during the procedure and 4.52 +/- 2.53 at 24 hours postoperatively. Slipping of the outer ring occurred in 1 case, and delayed removal of the ring in 30 cases (31.91%).

CONCLUSIONAdult male circumcision with the no-flip Shang Ring technique is recommended for its short operation time, simple procedure, fewer postoperative complications, less pain, and better incision appearance.

Adult ; Aged ; Circumcision, Male ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; methods ; Edema ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Pain, Postoperative ; etiology ; Penile Diseases ; etiology ; Penis ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Phimosis ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Prostheses and Implants ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the application value of general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia in patients with cervical cancer after laparoscopic hysterectomy.Methods From January 2014 to November 2016,64 patients with cervical cancer in Beijing Ditan Hospital were selected and randomly divided into control group and study group,with 32 cases in each group.Both two groups were treated with laparoscopic hysterectomy,and the control group was treated with general anesthesia,the study group was treated with general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia.The amount of general anesthesia,the time of surgery and postoperative recovery time,the incidence of adverse reactions,preoperative and postoperative oxidative stress－related indicators[metabolic enzyme monoammine oxidase A (MAOA),enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH),glutathione peroxidase (GSH－Px),5 －hydroxytryptamine (5 －HT)]were statistically compared between the two groups.Results The operative time,postoperative recovery time and doage of atracurium,remifentanil,propofol in the study group were less than those in the control group (t＝6.928,11.205,16.966,7.798,16.839,all P＜0.01).There were no statistically significant differences in the MAOA,TH,GSH－Px and 5 －HT levels between the two groups before treatment (all P＞0.05),but after operation, the MAOA,TH and 5 －HT levels in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group,the GSH－Px level was significantly higher than that of the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t＝28.585,26.346,10.850,21.827,all P＜0.01).The incidence rates of cardiac tachycardia[18.75%(6/32)],vomiting and nausea[15.63%(5/32)],and restless[9.38%(3/32)]in the study group were lower than those in the control group[43.75%(14/32),37.50%(12/32),40.63%(13/32)],the differences were statistically significant (χ2＝4.655,3.925,8.333,all P＜0.05).Conclusion General hysterectomy combined with epidural anesthesia in patients with cervical cancer after laparoscopic hysterectomy can effectively reduce the postoperative oxidative stress,reduce the dosage of narcotic drugs and the time of operation and wake up,and the incidence rate of adverse reactions is low.

Objective To investigate the clinical pathological characteristics,treatment methods and prognosis of the patients with uterine corpus rhabdomyosarcoma(UcRMS).Methods The data from 237 pa-tients with UcRMS during 2000-2020 were retrospectively collected from the Surveillance,Epidemiology and End Results(SEER)database.The descriptive statistical method was employed to conduct the descriptive a-nalysis on clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of UcRMS patients.The Kaplan-Meier method was adopted to conduct the survival analysis on the patients with different pathological types and treatment meth-ods,and draw the survival curve.The Log-rank test was employed to compare the survival analyses.The uni-variate and multivariate Cox regression were performed to analyze the independent factors affecting the prog-nosis of UcRMS patients.Results Among histologically confirmed cases,the most common type was embry-onic type(44 cases,18.6％)and followed by the pleomorphic type(35 cases,14.8％).In terms of treatment,21 cases(8.9％)received the surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy(surgery+chemotherapy+radiotherapy).75 cases(31.6％)received the surgery+chemotherapy,and 23 cases(9.7％)received the sur-gery+radiotherapy.The median overall survival(OS)time in the cohorts was 13 months,the median cancer-related survival(CSS)was 14 months,the 5-year OS rate and CSS rate were only 16％.The OS rate and CSS rate for embryonic type RMS were significantly better than those for the undefined and other pathological types,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.001).In terms of treatment,the OS rate and CSS rate in the surgery+chemotherapy+radiotherapy group were superior to those in the surgery+chemotherapy group and surgery+radiotherapy group,with statistically significant differences(P=0.011,P=0.012).The histological type,stage,surgery and chemotherapy were the factors affecting the OS time and CSS time of the patients(P＜0.05,P＜0.001).Conclusion The prognosis of embryonic type UcRMS is better than that of other histological types,but the overall prognosis is still poor,the 5-year survival rate is less than 20％.The histological type,stage,surgery and chemotherapy are the important influencing factors of prognosis,and the surgery+chemotherapy+radiotherapy could improve the prognosis of UcRMS patients.

OBJECTIVE One liguzinediol valine ester prodrug was synthesized and evaluated for the physicochemical properties and bioconversion,which laid the foundation for further study of liguzinediol amino acid ester prodrugs.METHODS Liguzinediol valine ester prodrug was prepared by a two-step reaction of condensation and deprotection from liguzinediol,and its structure was verified by LC-HRMS,1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.The chemical stability,capacity factor,solubility,lipophilicity,metabolic stability in human plasma and pharmacokinetics study in vivo of valine ester prodrug were tested by HPLC.RESULTS Liguzinediol valine ester prodrug retained great solubility and showed good bioconversion in human plasma.The half-time of liguzinediol was extended obviously.However,the lipophilicity was relatively poor.CONCLUSION Liguzinediol valine ester prodrug was provided with the feature to form the drug,and obvious extended the half-time of liguzinediol.Meanwhile,it indicated that prodrug strategy was feasible,which provided the way of experiment for liguzinediol prodrug research.

Objective:To investigate the expression changes at the transcriptional level in normal lung tissues of mice after exposure to heavy ion radiation for different durations at different doses, aiming to provide evidence for exploring sensitive genes of heavy ion radiation, heavy ion radiation effect and the damage mechanism.Methods:Experiments on the temporal kinetics: the whole thorax of mice was irradiated with 14.5Gy carbon-ions and the total RNA of lung tissue was extracted at 3days, 7days, 3 weeks and 24 weeks. In dose-dependent experiment, the total RNA of lung tissue was extracted at 1 week after irradiated with a growing thoracic dose of 0, 7.5, 10.5, 12.5, 14.5, 17.5 and 20Gy. Protein-to-protein interaction (PPI) analysis and gene-ontology biological process enrichment analysis were performed on significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs).Results:A clearly differential expression patterns were observed at 3-day (acute stage), 1-week (subacute stage), 3-week (inflammatory stage) and 24-week (fibrosis stage) following 14.5Gy carbon-ions irradiation. Among those, the 3-day time point was found to be the mostly different from the other time points, whereas the 7-day time point had the highest uniformity with the other time points. Cellular apoptosis was the main type of cell death in normal lung tissues following carbon-ions exposure. The interactive genes of Phlda3, GDF15, Mgmt and Bax were identified as the radiosensitive genes, and Phlda3 was the center ( R=0.76, P<0.001). Conclusion:The findings in this study provide transcriptional insights into the biological mechanism underlying normal lung tissue toxicity induced by carbon-ions.