Nuclear receptor transcription factors are ligand-activated proteins that control various biological events from cell growth and development to lipid metabolism, and energy and glucose homeostasis. Nuclear receptors are important drug targets for metabolic diseases. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptor transcription factors that play essential roles in regulation of cholesterol, triglyceride, fatty acid, and glucose homeostasis. LXR-deficient mice have shown the association of LXR-signaling pathway dysfunction with several human pathologies including atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Thus, LXRs are promising pharmacological targets for these diseases. Synthetic LXR agonists may lower cholesterol, but increase triglyceride and induce fatty liver. The naturally occurring LXR ligands, with moderate activity, may serve as nutraceuticals for prevention or treatment of the disorders, while minimizing potential side effects. In this review, recent advances in natural LXR modulators are summarized including agonist, antagonist and the modulator of LXR pathway.

Purpose:To evaluate the efficacy of NP regimen (NVB and DDP) in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods:48 patients with advanced NSCLC were treated by NP regimen. All of them had stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ disease (22 of them were primary treatment, the others were subsequent treatment). The chemotherapy dosage of NVB was 25 mg/m2 iv. d1,5, That of DDP was 35 mg/m2 iv d1,3.Results:The overall response rate (RR) was 50%, medium response time 5.5 months, medium survival time 11 months. The RR of 22 patients with primary treatment was 63.6%. The other patients after multiple course therapy 38.5%. The major adverse effects were myelosuppression and vein inflammation drug infusion through deep vein could avoid the vein inflammation. Conclusions:Authors suggest that NP regimen is effective therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer and deserves further clinical observation.

Purpose:To investigate clinical effects and side reactions of advanced NSCLC by combined chemotherapy base on gemcitabine. Methods:36 cases of advanced NSCLC were divided into two groups: Group 1, 20 cases were treated by gemcitabine 1.6 g at d1,d8,d15 and 80mg/m 2 DDP at d1; Group 2,16 cases were treaded by gemcitabine 1.6 g and paclitaxel 60 mg at d1,d8,d15.Both groups were repeated every 4 weeks and clinical effects were evaluated after 3 cycles.Results:CR 1 case, PR 17 cases, SD 16 cases, PD 2 cases and CR+PR 18 cases (response rate 50 0%) in 36 cases observed. In 20 cases primary treatments:CR+PR 11cases (response rate 55 0%);In 16 cases re-treatments: CR+ PR 7 cases (response rate 43.75%); In 15 cases of advanced NSCLC re-treated by gemcitabine combined with paclitaxel: CR+PR 7 cases (response rate 46.7%). Side reaction: most cases showed bone marrow suppression and symptoms of gastrointestinal side-effects, which included 12 cases of Ⅲ-Ⅳ grades leukocytopenia (33.3%),7 cases of Ⅱ-Ⅲ grades soterocytopenia (19.4%),8 cases of Ⅲ-Ⅳ grades symptoms of gastrointestinal side-effects (22.2%),2 cases of Ⅱ grades abnormal liver function.Conclusions:Better clinical effects have been achieved in the therapy of advanced NSCLC by combined methods based on gemcitabine and side-reactions are tolerable;Nice effects were obtained in the re-treatment of NSCLC by gemcitabine combined with paclitaxel.It is valuable to investigate its Clinical effects more deeply.

Chondroblastoma of the patella, rare occurred in patellar,is a kind of an uncommon benign bone tumor. Compared with giant cell tumor, the morbidity of chondroblastoma is lower. Meanwhile, its clinical manifestations are various, and images are very complicated. Therefore, the understanding of this kind of tumors may be limited even to the orthopedist. The differences of patellar chondroblastoma between other tumor in X-ray, CT and MRI is a spot in recent years. Sometimes patellar chondroblastoma coexists with aneurysmal bone cyst, which is a challenge to obtain an accurate pathological and radiological diagnosis. For the treatment, curettage and bone grafting is one the most popular method, but whether to perform a biopsy before surgery still remain controversy. Some new technique still has an unknown prospect for the treatment such as radiofrequency ablation.
Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Chondroblastoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Patella ; surgery

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in perioperative blood loss in old patients with multi-level lumbar spinal stenosis.Methods From January 2009 to September 2010,a total of 68 consecutive patients with multi-level lumbar spinal stenosis ( ≥65 years old) underwent posterior decompression,internal fixation and bone graft fusion who were randomly divided into group A and group B with 34 patients in each.The patients in group A received tranexamic acid and the patients in group B received an equal volume of normal saline.The amounts of intraoperative blood loss,postoperative wound drainage,blood transfusion,the number of the patients needing blood transfusion and hemoglobin,fibrinogen,prothrombin time and so on were examined preoperatively and 24 hours postoperatively.All the patients were observed for the clinical symptoms of deep vein thrombosis.Results The amounts of intraoperative blood loss,postoperative wound drainage,blood transfusion and the number of the patients needing blood transfusion in group A were significantly decreased than those in group B[ (641.1 ± 128.4) ml vs.(780.1 ± 107.3) ml,(228.80 ± 52.07) ml vs.(345.50 ±42.16) ml,(1.02 + 1.56) U vs.(2.89 ± 1.76) U,16 cases vs.28 cases ],there were significant differences between two groups (P ＜ 0.05 ).As for the value of postoperative hemoglobin concentration in group A [ ( 104.00 ± 4.87) g/L ] was significantly higher than that in group B [ (92.20 + 5.47 ) g/L ] (P ＜ 0.05 ).There were no significant differences in the levels of fibrinogen,prothrombin time,and activated partial thromboplastin time between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).No deep vein thrombosis was found 7 days postoperatively.Conclusion Tranexamic acid can be effectively used in spine surgery in old patients with multi-level lumbar spinal stenosis without increasing the risk of venous thrombosis.

As an important member of Tim gene family,T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain protein (Tim) - 1 mainly expressed in T cell surface and adjust T cells immune response.Recent studies have found that Tim-1 gene polymorphisms may be linked with allergic diseases,autoimmune diseases and infection diseases.The review of relationship between Tim-1 polymorphism and diseases will have profound and long-term impact to expound the pathogenesis,providing new method to prevent and treat diseases.

The teaching model in classroom is a popular process of language communication between teachers and students.There is a paradox phenomenon in asking and interlocution due to tergiversalion ofthe original intention ofthe teaching.So,it is an important thing that the teaching model should be transferred from asking to interlocution to establish equal right,enhance understanding and decrease undesirable manners.

Mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum were treated with a single oral dose of levo-praziquantel 75mg/kg or racemic praziquantel 150mg/kg. 10min-7d after administration of the drugs, the infected mice were sacrificed and the parasites were studied. The tegumental antigen of the integral worms and of. the worm sections were tested by IFA.10-30 min after treatment more than 50% of the tegumental surface of adult worm showed weak and small fluorescent spots in treated groups. 1-6h after treatment, the sucker and extremity of adult worm showed brighter fluorescent spots. From 6h after treatment, there were very bright fluorescent spots on the whole worm surface. 3d after treatment, the fluorescent intensity was weaker than before, and there was no significant difference between the levo-praziquantel group and racemic praziquantel group in the exposure of tegumental surface antigen. The results demonstrated that levo-praziquantel, just like the racemic-praziquantel, could disturb the tegumental metabolic course of the schistosomes, caused tegumental damage and exposure of adult worm surface antigen.

For a long time, people have different ideas about whether asthmatic children can participating in sports as others and how to exercise they need. As restricted by the possibility that exercise may induce asthma, the level of asthmatic children' s exercise is lower than their classmates. Research in recent years in abroad have showed that exercise is not only helpful to children's growth and development psycho`gicat health,but also helpful to asthmatic children's sympton control, reducing asthma exacerbation, reducing medication use and impoving their quality of life, and asthmatic children can exercise safely as long as been managed appropriatly. Scholars have paied more and more attention to the importance of exercise in children asthma' s management, and exercise prescription had been recommended as an important part of children asthma' s management in abroad.

In order to to be a outstanding doctor must have the six elements:theory, practice, moral quality, psychological quality, developing quality and communication quality. To cultivate outstanding physicians are de-signed, on the ability of accommodation;A sound personality and good professional ethics;Unity, is the ability to obtain from the following several aspects:reform the traditional education teaching system, establishing the special general education management organization, set up a scientific system of general education courses, makes the strong ability of general education teachers and building with students as the core of teaching methods.