General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia and postoperative epidural analge-sia is capable of accelerating the recovery of gastrointestinal function,providing better postoperative pain re-lief,improving the patient's satisfaction as well as shortening hospitalization dates.The article summarized the mechanisms of epidural analgesia influencing the recovery of gastrointestinal function.

The configuration of the air cleaner and operating principle of high-voltage static electrical field (HVEF) are introduced. The primary bactericidal mechanism and broad-spectrum effect are also mentioned.

砄bjective:To investigate the expression of integrin ? 1 during mandibular fracture healing.Methods:Rabbit mandibular fracture model was used,the fractured bone tissues were obtained and paraffin slices were made on the day 1,3,5,7,14,30,60 and 90 after surgery respectively.Non fractured mandible was used as the control.The expression of integrin ? 1 in bone tissue, especially in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, was studied with LsAB immunohistochemical method.Results:Integrin ? 1 was widely espressed in the bone tissure close to fracture and surrounding soft tissue.In osteoblasts increased expression of integrin ? 1 was observed on day 7,maximum on day 14～30 and normal on day 90.While in osteoclasts,it was increased and kept at maximum 14～90 days aftere fracture.Conclusion:During mandibular fracture healing,the expression of integrin ? 1 in bone,especially in osteoblasts and osteoclasts,was increased.Integrin ? 1 has a critical influence on bone fracture healing.

[Objective]To determine whether discectomy resulted in improvement in low back pain(LBP)associated with lumbar disc herniation. [Method]Two hundred and one consecutive single-level lumbar discectomy were followed up,one hundred patients underwent microendoscopic discectomy(MED group) and 101 patients were treated with conventional open discectomy(COP group).Outcomes were assessed using Visual Analog Scale(VAS) and patient satisfaction.The changes in LBP were compared between the MED group and COP group.The effects of severity of low back pain before surgery on the improvement of back and leg pain were also determined.The mean duration of follow-up was 45 months.[Result]The mean VAS leg pain significantly decreased from 70.02?15.80 before operation to 7.73?12.13 at final follow-up.A significant improvement was also noted in LBP,the mean VAS LBP score was 43.61?26.18 before surgery and 16.89?14.73 at the time of final follow-up.The important improvement in LBP and leg pain was seen in 70.1%～78.1% and 97.0% patients respectively.Improvements in back pain and leg pain were correlated(r= 0.1656,P=0.0304).The rate of important improvement of low back pain was greater in MED group than in COP group.The rate of important improvement in LBP was similar in the patients of a preponderance of LBP,a preponderance leg pain and an equivalence of LBP and leg pain,the patients with a preponderance of LBP showed a lower rate of important improvement in leg pain than the others.[Conclusion]Discectomy for relief of sciatica of lumbar disc herniation provides effective relief of LBP.The MED is more likely effective as a surgery way to relief LBP.Furthermore,it certified that the severe LBP maybe a negatively predictive factor for the follow-up outcome of leg pain.

Objective To screen the genes differentially expressed in gene expression in human lymphoma cell line Jurkat cells treated with phosphonoformate (PFA). Methods cDNA microarray technique was employed to detect the mRNA expressed in Jurkat cells treated with PFA or 0.9 percent sodium chloride, respectively. Results Among 1 152 genes there were 94 genes with different expression, of which 38 genes were upregulated and 56 genes were downregulated in Jurkat cells treated with PFA compared with those treated with 0.9 percent sodium chloride. Conclusions cDNA microarray technique was successfully used to screen the genes with different expression in Jurkat cells treated with PFA, and the results brought some new clues for the study of the immune regulation mechanism of PFA.

Objective To observe the influence of Edaravone on the level of serum gastrin and efficacy in patients with craniocerebral injury.Methods 60 patients with craniocerebral injury were randomly divided into Edaravone group(30 cases) and Dexamethasone group(30 cases).Then each group received corresponding treatment.The level of serum gastrin was detected at 1st d,3rd d,5th d and 7th d after treatment.The curative effect was evaluated based on the neuroligical deficit score(NDS) and Barthel index(BI) one month after treatment.Results The level of serum gastrin in Edaravone group began to decrease at the 3rd d after treatment,at the 5th d and 7th d became to normal value.While,in Dexamethasone group 5th d after treatment,the level of serum gastrin began to decrease,but at the 7th d was still significantly higher than the normal value.The levels of serum gastim at 3 d,5 d and 7 d after treatment were significant difference between the two groups(P

Objective To determine the clinical value of contrast enhanced MRI in differentiating benign and malignant pancreatic endocrine tumors (PNETs).Methods MRI findings on 13 cases who were pathologically diagnosed as PNETs were retrospectively analyzed , including the tumor volume , border , MRI signal and adjacent organ involvement of Grade 1~3 tumors, and the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI for diagnosing PNETs were calculated .Results A total of 18 tumors were detected , including 12 benign (Grade 1) and 6 malignant (Grade 2~3) tumors.Eight Grade 1 tumors′(66.7%) maximal diameters were≤2 cm, while 100%(6 /6) Grade 2 ~3 tumors′maximal diameters were ≥2 cm.All of Grade 1 tumors (100%) had clear boundary , while 50%(2/4) Grade 2 and 100%(2/2) Grade 3 tumors had unclear boundary.Ten Grade 1 tumors (83.3%) had intratumoral homogeneous signal , while 100%(6/6) Grade 2~3 tumors had heterogeneous intratumoral signal .Two Grade 3tumors ( 100%) had organ infiltration and retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis .The sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of MRI for differentiating benign and malignant PNETs were 833.%, 85.7%and 84.6%, respectively.Conclusi ons MRI had higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in differentiating benign and malignant PNETs , but it was still difficult to differentiate Grade 1 from Grade 2 tumors by MRI.Tumors size could not be considered to be a reliable indicator for differentiating benign and malignant PNETs .

Objective To determine the value of MR in the diagnosis of the medial and lateral meniscal posterior root tears.Methods One hundred and twenty one patients underwent arthroscopy and MR of knee examinations were retrospectively reviewed,and all of them did not have the history of knee surgery before the MR examination.MR images were double-blinded,independently,retrospectively scored by radiology residency (doctor 1) and attending radiologist (doctor 2).The likelihood of the meniscus posterior root tear was scored on basis of arthroscopic findings constituted the gold standard.Sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of MR diagnosis of the lateral and medial meniscus posterior root tear by two physicians were calculated,and the consistency of diagnosis results by two physicians was evaluated using the Kappa statistics.Reasons leading to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis were discussed.Results Thirty three of the 121 patients were diagnosed with meniscus posterior root tears by arthroscopy,including 14 cases of lateral tears and 19 cases of medial tears.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in the diagnosis of posterior lateral meniscus root tears (PLMRT) for doctor 1 were 71.4％ (10/14),82.2％ (88/107) and 81.0％ (98/121),respectively,and for doctor 2 were 71.4％ (10/14),86.0％ (92/107) and 84.3％ (102/121).The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in the diagnosis of posterior medial meniscus root tears (PMMRT) for doctor 1 were 100.0％ (19/19),88.2％ (90/102) and 90.1％ (109/121),respectively,and for doctor 2 were 100.0％ (19/19),95.1％ (97/102) and 95.9％ (116/121),respectively.The Kappa statistics for PLMRT and PMMRT were 0.67 and 0.81,respectively,demonstrating a good interobserver agreement (P＜0.05).The misdiagnosed cases of the PMMRT were 12 for doctor 1 and 5 for doctor 2.There were 4 cases being commonly misdiagnosed by the two doctors,and there were no any missed cases in this study.For the PLMRT,the misdiagnosed cases were 19 for doctor 1 and 15 for doctor 2.Eleven cases were misdiagnosed and 4 were missed by the two physicians.Conclusion MR is a reliable diagnostic tool for detecting posterior root tears of the medial and lateral meniscus.

Objective To probe the most effective method for the diagnosis of early renal pelvic cancer. Methods Ultrasound, introvenus urogram (IVU), retrograde pyelography, CT, magnetic resonance urography and transurethral ureteropeyloscopy were performed, and the accuracy rate was evaluated. Results The accuracy rate of IVU, retrograde pyelography, CT, transurethral ureteropeyloscopy, MRU and ultrasound were 89%, 94%, 80%, 50%, 40% and 22% respectively. Conclusions IVU and retrograde pyelography are the common and necessary diagnostic methods for early renal pelvic cancer. Transurethral ureteropeyloscopy is an invasive method and used as a final method when other methods fail to identify the disease.

Objective To investigate the effects of dedicator of cytokinesis 1 (Dock180) knockout on proliferation and apoptosis in rat derived H9C2 cardiomyocytes and their mechanisms.Methods A single guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting rat Dock180 gene was designed and constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 system.A plasmid contained above sgRNA was packaged into lentivirus and selected to knockout Dock180 in the cardiomyocytes.A single clone of cardiomyocyte with Dock180 knockout was established.Cardiomyocytes were divided into negative lentivirus group (Cas9, A group), Dock180 knockout group (B group), Cas9 lentivirus hypoxia group (C group), Dock180 knockout hypoxia group (D group).The expression of Dock180 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR, and relevant proteins were detected by Western blot.The cell proliferation rate of the cardiomyocytes was determined by MTT, and the apoptotic rate was measured by flow cytometry.Results Dock180 mRNA and protein were absent in B andD groups.Compared with A and C groups, p-ERK1/2 and Bcl-2 protein expression and cell proliferation rate were lower in B and D groups respectively (P<0.01), while Bax protein expression and cell apoptosis rate were higher in B and D groups respectively (P<0.05, P<0.01);Compared with A group, Dock180 mRNA and protein, p-ERK1/2 and Bcl-2 proteins and cell proliferation rate were reduced, while Bax protein and cell apoptosis rate were increased in C group(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with B group, p-ERK1/2 and Bcl-2 proteins and cell proliferation rate were decreased, while Bax protein and cell apoptosis rate were increased in D group(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusions Dock180 knockout with CRISPR/Cas9 can inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis via p-ERK1/2, Bcl-2 and Bax in H9C2 cardiomyocytes.