Brain Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Child ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Epilepsies, Myoclonic ; epidemiology ; etiology ; genetics ; Epilepsy ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Risk Factors ; Seizures, Febrile ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Vaccination ; adverse effects

Diabetes mellitus (DM ) was the third largest chronic disease in the world and the number of patients in China ranked first. Diabetic nephropathy (DN ) as one of the most serious complications of DM was the main cause of death in DM patients along with the incidence of DM gradually increasing. The complex pathogenic mechanism of DN was composed of many factors such as the disorder of glucose metabolism ,inflammation and immune response. Under the special environment of the DM , autoimmunity was an important factor for the occurrence and development of DN. Immune cells ,cytokines and autoantibodies influenced each other resulting in impairment of renal function and affected the progression of DN. Further research on the immune related factors in DN and DM has important value for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.

Objective To evaluate the association between the expression of PTEN protein and the clinicopathological char‐acteristics of breast cancer patients .Methods All eligible studies regarding the association of PTEN protein expression with clini‐copathological features in patients with breast cancer were retrieved from PubMed ,Embase ,Cochrane Library ,CNKI and Wanfang databases .Odds ratio(OR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval(95% CI) form eligible studies were pooled .Heterogeneity and publication bias were also evaluated .All analyses were operated using RevMan 5 .2 software .Results A total of 28 articles con‐taining 3 172 patients were ultimately included for this Meta‐analysis .Our findings revealed that the expression level of PTEN was significantly correlated with estrogen receptor status(OR= 3 .16 ,95% CI:2 .01 -4 .97 ,P< 0 .01) ,progesterone receptor status (OR=2 .27 ,95% CI:1 .70 -3 .04 ,P<0 .01) ,lymph node metastasis(OR=0 .36 ,95% CI :0 .27 -0 .49 ,P<0 .01) ,clinical stage (OR=2 .59 ,95% CI:2 .04-3 .30 ,P<0 .01) and histological grade(OR=2 .19 ,95% CI:1 .74-2 .75 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion Aber‐rant PTEN expression might have strong impacts on carcinogenesis ,tumor progression ,invasion and prognosis ,which makes it a potential biomarker for early cancer screening and endocrine therapy in breast cancer .

In order to probe into the mechanism of low-dose chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of leukemia, we studied the effects of low concentrations (l-40ng/ml) of daunorubicin (DNR) on proliferation and differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60). 1 ng/ml DNR could inhibit the proliferation of the cells, but no induction of differentiation was found. DNR at more than 5 ng/ml had both cytotoxicity and induction of differentiation. Through the count of survival cells, [3H]TdR and [3H]UR incorporation, cloning efficiency, cell morphology and NBT reduction test, it is concluded that low-dose DNR could have inhibitory and cytotoxic effects on the cells, and its inducing differentiation was not important.

The effects of 1, 25 (OH)2D3 in combination with low-dose chemotherapeutant on the human promyelocytic leukemic cells (HL-60) were investigated. In 4-day-cultured cells, 1, 25 (OH)2D3 and low-dose harringtonine (HH) or daunorubicine (DNR) had synergic effect in inducing differentiation of HL-60 cells, and HH or DNR significantly potentiated the effect of 1, 25 (OH)2D3 in inhibiting the cell proliferation, which were demonstrated by NBT reduction test and [3H]-TdR incorporation, respectively. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometery revealed that the cells in S phase decreased remarkably and most cells stopped at G0/G1 phase. The results provide a new way for the inducers in treatment of leukemia.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation therapy to recover pelvic floor dysfunction.Methods 435 cases of 6-8 weeks postpartum urinary incontinence patients were chosen.The urinary incontinence questionnaire ( ICI-QSF) ,and Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire ( FSFI questionnaire) were used to detect maternal urinary incontinence (UI) investigation,pelvic organ prolapse (POP-Q) degree and quality of sexual life questionnaire.Ⅰ muscle,Ⅱ muscle strength and fatigue, vaginal and the change of dynamic pressure for pelvic floor functional change before and after Pelvic floor rehabilitation were compared.Pelvic floor mus-cle rehabilitation treatment included:imitation bioelectricity stimulus,biofeedback,scene reflection training and Kegel exercises.Results After pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation,pelvic floor function improved significantly,pelvic floor muscle strength increase, decrease fatigue, vaginal dynamic pressure rose significant difference:Electrical values (μV) before treatment (5.6 ±1.8),after treatment(15.1 ±4.6),t =3.6,P <0.05;Vaginal dynamic pressure (cmH2O) before treatment(48.7 ±11.0),after treatment (86.3 ±5.1)cmH2O(t=7.2,P<0.01);Fatigue obvi-ously improved,(P<0.01),the effect of Urinary incontinence treatment is very obvious (t=5.6,P<0.05)and pelvic organ prolapse improved significantly:Before treatment vaginal wall prolapse II degrees 63 people,after treat-ment 14 people,remission rate 82%,and Before treatment uterine prolapse 172 people,after treatment uterine pro-lapse 39 people,the response rate of 77.3% (P <0.01),sexual function improved significantly:before treatment score is (78.00 ±20.45) and after treatment scores is (100.00 ±25.36),t=8.6 (P<0.01).Conclusion Pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation effectively improve postpartum women pelvic floor function,can achieve the purpose of the treatment of urinary incontinence,improve pelvic organ prolapse and the quality of sex life.

The bulge of hair follicles contains a mixed population of stem cells,including epidermal stem cells,neural crest stem cells,as well as another type of stem cells which can be induced into melanocytes.Bulge stem cells have the ability to divide,proliferate and are pluripotent as other adult stem cells.The neural crest stem cells can differentiate in vitro into neurons,glia and melanocytes under proper induction.Meanwhile,it was proved that implanting these cells into the gap region of damaged nerves could greatly enhance the regeneration rate of nerve and restoration of nerve function.In this review,distribution of the stated stem cells in hair follicle bulge and their characteristics of differentiating into neurons were discussed,as well as their possible application in regenerative medicine.

Anticonvulsants ; therapeutic use ; Child ; China ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; etiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Seizures ; pathology ; therapy

Anticonvulsants ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Epilepsy ; drug therapy ; Humans

Spermatogenesis is a complex process. Current knowledge about human spermatogenesis is mainly based on the mouse model while little is known about the initial stage of this fundamental process in humans. The establishment of the model of spermatogenesis in vitro may contribute to an overall understanding of male germ cell development, an insight into the mechanisms of infertility, and clinical management of male infertility. This review summarizes current knowledge about the generation of germ cell-like cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro and discusses the potential application of iPSCs in the treatment of male infertility.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Germ Cells ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Infertility, Male ; therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Spermatogenesis