Objective To establish an animal model for immunological contact urticaria in mice.Methods A total of 60 BALB/c mice were randomly and equally divided into 5 groups:anti-dinitrophenol IgE monoclonal antibody (anti-DNP IgE) + 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) group and anti-DNP IgE + trimellitic anhydride (TMA) group both injected with anti-DNP IgE via tail veins firstly,followed by topical treatment with DNFB and TMA respectively on the ears at 24 hours after the injection,DNFB group,TMA group and normal saline (NS) group all injected with NS via the tail vein firstly,followed by topical treatment with DNFB,TMA and NS on the ears 24 hours after the injection.In the following 14 days,mice were observed daily for the appearance of wheals and for scratching behavior.All the mice were sacrificed at the end of the study followed by determination of the percentage of degranulated mast cells and spleen index as well as observation of pathological changes.Results Wheals were observed in all the mice (12/12) in the anti-DNP IgE + DNFB group,some mice (8/12) in the anti-DNP IgE + TMA group,but not observed in any mice in the other 3 groups.Compared with the NS group,both the anti-DNP IgE + DNFB group and anti-DNP IgE + TMA group showed a significant increase in the percentage of degranulated mast cells (70.21％ ± 26.01％ and 54.25％ ± 39.57％ vs.14.45％ ±6.79％,F=14.41,P=0.000),spleen index (7.54 ± 1.56 and 7.87 ± 1.18 vs.5.37 ± 1.16,F=4.29,P=0.004) and scratching frequency ((31.58 ± 3.58)/h and (22.17 ± 3.81)/h vs.(2.00 ± 0.85)/h at 30 minutes,F =437.86,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion A stable mouse model for immunological contact urticaria can be established quickly by sensitization with anti-DNP IgE and challenge with DNFB.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of super-selective renal artery embolization in treatment of iatrogenie renal pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula.Methods Twenty-nine patients with iatrogenic renal pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula underwent renal angiography after ineffective conservative treatment.After identifying the location and characteristic of lesions by DSA,super-selective renal artery embolization was performed.Symptoms and signs,renal function changes before and after embolization and complications were recorded to evaluate the therapeutic effect.Results The technical success rate of super-selective renal artery embolization was 100％ (29/29),and clinical success rate was 96.55 ％ (28/29).The serum creatinine level before and after embolotherapy was (93.26 ± 28.79) mmol/L and (91.51 ± 27.68) mmol/L respectively,and there were no significant differences (t=1.28,P=0.22).No serious complications such as nephrapostasis or renal failure occurred in the study.Conclusion Super-selective renal artery embolization has technically and clinically high success rate with limited effect on renal function.It is a safe and effective therapy method in patients with iatrogenic renal pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of super-selective renal arterial embolization (SRAE) for treatment of huge renal angiomyolipoma (RAML).Methods Data of 16 patients with huge RAML treated with SRAE were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical symptoms,tumor size,serum creatinine and complications were compared before and after SRAE.Results A total of 26 SRAE treatments were performed on 16 patients with huge RAML.The technical success rate of SRAE was 100％ (26/26).Seven cases (7/16,43.75 ％) received one SRAE treatment,whereas 8 (8/16,50.00％) required two SRAE treatments.Only one case (1/16,6.25％) received three SRAE treatments.The mean follow-up period was (16.60± 15.60) months.The maximum diameter of the tumor reduced significantly after SRAE at final follow-up than before embolization ([9.00±2.80]cm vs [12.60±2.40]cm,t=12.41,P＜0.01).The symptoms of flank pain and hematuria gradually relieved after SRAE.And there was no statistical difference of mean serum creatinine before and after SRAE ([76.00±14.90]μmol/L] vs [79.10±12.80]μmol/L,t=0.89,P=0.39).Fourteen cases (14/ 16,87.50％) experienced post-embolization syndrome including varying degrees of fever,local pain or nausea on 1-3 days after embolization.No serious complications occurred.Conclusion SRAE is an effective method for stopping bleeding of ruptured huge RAML,as well as relieving symptoms and reserving nephron.

The advent of digital times promotes the evolution of clinical research from traditional mode to digital mode. Digital technologies， which are introduced to clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， can optimize the research design， improve research quality， and save research funds and time. The digital and remote control of clinical research recruitment and screening， disease diagnosis and treatment， informed consent， indicator measurement， and other processes can be realized by computers， networks， sensors， and other technologies. Artificial intelligence （AI） algorithms， wearable monitoring devices， data management tools， blockchain， and virtual clinical trials （VCTs） are key innovation technologies and research design methods. On this basis， this study summarized relevant literature on key digital technologies and research methods such as AI algorithms， wearable monitoring devices， data management tools， blockchain， and VCT， and the following discoveries were obtained： The future development of clinical research of TCM requires to attach importance to the changes in clinical research brought by digital technologies and to promote the utilization of digital technologies in clinical research of TCM. Digital technologies realize the medical ethical ideas of ''putting people first''， promote the decentralization of clinical research， simplify the participation process of participants， reduce the time and cost of clinical research， improve the efficiency of clinical research of TCM， and enhance the objectivity， authenticity， and stability of clinical research of TCM. Deepening the application of digital technologies in clinical research and realizing the interaction and fusion of various digital technologies are inevitable trends of future development of clinical research of TCM. Under the background of digitization， the digital innovation of clinical research of TCM can accelerate the development of clinical research of TCM and promote the internationalization of TCM.