Objective To evalutate the accuracy of CyberKnife system and measure its relative output factor.Methods The accuracy of target localization of the system was measured with E2E test,film dosimetry,6D-skull tracking mode and fiducial tracking mode.Six kinds of detectors were used to detect the collimators of the system.Results The positioning errors were (0.531 ±0.293) and (0.482±0.297) mm respectively by 6D-skull tracking mode and fiducial tracking mode.The detectors proved the relative output factors of 5-mm collimator were 0.133 ±0.006,0.320±0.010,0.635 ±0.010,0.656±0.009,0.777± 0.013 and 0.680±0.014,and those of 35-mm collimator were 0.983±0.002,0.990±0.002,0.987±0.001,0.992±0.002,0.990± 0.010 and 0.981 ±0.010.Conclusion The total error of CyberKnife system was less than 1 mm.Large collimater has high consistencies between the output factors of the detectors,while there are significant differences between the output factors in case of the collimater with the diameter less than 15 mm.

AIM:To investigate the effects of ethane 1,2-dimethanesulfonate (EDS) preconditioning on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.METHODS: Male SD rats (n=48) were ran-domly assigned to 6 groups:blank, sham, I/R, EDS+I/R, EDS+testosterone (TST) +I/R, and castration (Cast)+I/R.The renal pedicles were bilaterally occluded with a microvascular clamp for 45 min to establish renal I/R-induced in-jury model.Bilateral orchiectomy was conducted 2 weeks before surgery .EDS (75 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 5 d before operation .Blood samples were collected 24 h after reperfusion from the vena orbitalis posterior plexus .Luteinizing hormone (LH), TST, serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were detected.The renal tissues were harvested to measure the level of TNF-αand the expression of Fas mRNA and caspase-3 protein.RESULTS:Serum TST levels in EDS +I/R group and Cast +I/R group were below the minimum detectable threshold.Compared with other groups , the rats in EDS+I/R group and Cast +I/R group had higher levels of SCr , BUN and KIM-1 (P<0.05).SCr and BUN levels showed no significant difference between EDS +I/R group and Cast +I/R group (P>0.05), but KIM-1 level in EDS+I/R group was lower than that in Cast +I/R group (P<0.05).After reper-fusion for 24 h, the levels of TST and LH in EDS +I/R group, Cast+I/R group and EDS+TST+I/R group were lower than those 1 h before operation (P<0.05).Compared with Cast+I/R and I/R group, the TNF-αlevel and expression of Fas mRNA and caspase-3 protein were significantly decreased in EDS +I/R group ( P<0.05 ) .CONCLUSION: EDS preconditioning substantially reduces the serum TST level , thus attenuating I/R-induced acute renal injury .TNF-α-induced Fas/FasL pathway may be involved in this process .

OBJECTIVETo develop a new method to rapidly determine and identify Guizhi Fuling capsule by portable acousto-optic tunable filter-near infrared spectroscopy.

METHODThe qualitative model was set up using principal component analysis. The correlation models between the NIR spectra and the reference values of five major constituents were obtained with partial least squares method.

RESULTThe identifying model accurately identified Guizhi Fuling capsule, and quantitative analytical models could precisely predicted the content of ellagic acid, baicalin, benzoylpaenoniflorin, cinnamaldehyde, and paeonol. The correlation coefficients of the calibration models were 0.924 2, 0.938 4, 0.924 2, 0.933 6, 0.934 7, the validation set coefficients of the calibration were 0.924 2, 0.938 4, 0.924 2, 0.933 6, 0.934 7, and the RMSEP were 1.138%, 3.014%, 0.751%, 0.625%, 3.455%, 1.363%, respectively. The results of external validation showed no significant difference between the predictive and the determining values by t-test.

CONCLUSIONThe method is accurate, rapid and non-destructive, and can be used for determining and identifying Guizhi Fuling capsule.

Acetophenones ; analysis ; Acrolein ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Calibration ; Capsules ; chemistry ; Drug Evaluation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Ellagic Acid ; analysis ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Models, Chemical ; Principal Component Analysis ; methods ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods

Objective:To report for the first time the clinicopathologic characteristics of two patients with light chain deposition disease after renal transplantation.Methods:The clinicopathologic features were analyzed for two patients with light chain deposition disease and the related literature was reviewed.Case 1 was a 49-year-old male with unknown primary disease presenting with abnormal urine test and elevated serum creatinine at 24 months after kidney transplantation. Renal allograft biopsy hinted at light chain deposition disease. Case 2 was a 38-year-old male with light chain deposition disease in native kidneys presenting with proteinuria, microscopic hematuria and elevated serum creatinine at 15 months after kidney transplantation. Renal allograft biopsy supported recurrent light chain deposition disease.Results:1 case after bortezomib and dexamethasone dosing, serum creatinine decreased during follow-ups. 1 case received bortezomib and dexamethasone. However, sepsis and pulmonary infections developed and allograft function deteriorated.Conclusions:Light chain deposition disease after renal transplantation is a rare disorder with a rapid progression and a poor prognosis. Early detection of free light chain in blood and urine through immune fixed electrophoresis is conducive to an early diagnosis. The efficacy of bortezomib is to be furthered examined.

Objective:To explore the impact of whole blood organophosphate esters (OPEs) flame retardant exposure on thyroid function-related hormones in healthy older adults.Methods:In this panel study, five repeated population-based epidemiological surveys and biological sample collection were conducted from September 2018 to January 2019, with 76 healthy older adults aged 60-69 years in the Dianliu Community of Jinan, Shandong Province. Information on the sociodemographic characteristics, diet, and health status of the respondents was systematically gathered through questionnaires and physical examinations. Fasting venous blood was collected to determine the levels of OPEs, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T 3), and thyroxine (T 4). A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the impact of OPEs exposure on thyroid function-related hormones in healthy older adults. Results:Each of the 76 subjects participated in at least two follow-up visits, resulting in a total of 350 person visits. The age of the study participants was (65.07±2.76) years, with 38 participants of both sexes. A total of eight OPEs were included with a detection rate exceeding 50%, and the M ( Q 1, Q3) for ∑OPEs was 3.85 (2.33, 5.74) ng/ml, with alkyl-OPEs being the major type of OPEs with an M ( Q 1, Q3) of 1.27 (0.64, 2.50) ng/ml. The M ( Q 1, Q3) for TSH, T 3, and T 4 was 3.74 (2.55, 5.69) μIU/ml, 1.32 (1.10, 1.60) ng/ml, and 45.04 (36.96, 53.27) ng/ml, respectively. Linear mixed-effects model showed that TSH was significantly decreased by 9.93% (95% CI:-15.17%, -4.36%) and 11.14% (95% CI:-15.94%, -6.06%) in older adults for each quartile level increase in TnBP and TEHP exposures, respectively. Gender-stratified analysis indicated that TEHP exposure was negatively associated with TSH levels in male older adults, whereas a decrease in TSH levels among female older adults was associated with TnBP exposure. Conclusion:Exposure to whole blood OPEs is associated with decreased TSH levels among healthy older adults, with notable gender differences.

Objective:To explore the impact of whole blood organophosphate esters (OPEs) flame retardant exposure on thyroid function-related hormones in healthy older adults.Methods:In this panel study, five repeated population-based epidemiological surveys and biological sample collection were conducted from September 2018 to January 2019, with 76 healthy older adults aged 60-69 years in the Dianliu Community of Jinan, Shandong Province. Information on the sociodemographic characteristics, diet, and health status of the respondents was systematically gathered through questionnaires and physical examinations. Fasting venous blood was collected to determine the levels of OPEs, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T 3), and thyroxine (T 4). A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the impact of OPEs exposure on thyroid function-related hormones in healthy older adults. Results:Each of the 76 subjects participated in at least two follow-up visits, resulting in a total of 350 person visits. The age of the study participants was (65.07±2.76) years, with 38 participants of both sexes. A total of eight OPEs were included with a detection rate exceeding 50%, and the M ( Q 1, Q3) for ∑OPEs was 3.85 (2.33, 5.74) ng/ml, with alkyl-OPEs being the major type of OPEs with an M ( Q 1, Q3) of 1.27 (0.64, 2.50) ng/ml. The M ( Q 1, Q3) for TSH, T 3, and T 4 was 3.74 (2.55, 5.69) μIU/ml, 1.32 (1.10, 1.60) ng/ml, and 45.04 (36.96, 53.27) ng/ml, respectively. Linear mixed-effects model showed that TSH was significantly decreased by 9.93% (95% CI:-15.17%, -4.36%) and 11.14% (95% CI:-15.94%, -6.06%) in older adults for each quartile level increase in TnBP and TEHP exposures, respectively. Gender-stratified analysis indicated that TEHP exposure was negatively associated with TSH levels in male older adults, whereas a decrease in TSH levels among female older adults was associated with TnBP exposure. Conclusion:Exposure to whole blood OPEs is associated with decreased TSH levels among healthy older adults, with notable gender differences.

The quality control during the manufacturing process of traditional Chinese medicine TCM)is paramount to ensuring the quality of the final product.However,the sheer diversity of TCM ingredients and the intricacies of the production process pose sig-nificant challenges to achieving precise quality control.The review introduced an intelligent control concept centered on functional sub-stances in TCM quality,which comprehensively explained the scientific essence of TCM quality,and provided a theoretical foundation for determining"what to control"and"how to control"within the complex system of TCM components.Furthermore,through the ad-vanced informatization,digitization,and intelligent technologies,our team has conducted extensive research and construction practices on the intelligent transformation and digital upgrade of traditional Chinese medicine TCM)manufacturing processes.Ultimately,the establishment of a quality control system tailored specifically for TCM manufacturing with functional substances serving as the primary quality target,which presented an opportunity to solve the difficult problem of process quality control in TCM manufacturing.

Blocking the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells with monoclonal antibody therapy has emerged as powerful weapon in cancer immunotherapy. However, only a minority of patients presented immune responses in clinical trials. To develop an alternative treatment method based on immune checkpoint blockade, we designed a novel and efficient CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system delivered by cationic copolymer aPBAE to downregulate PD-L1 expression on tumor cells specifically knocking out Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 () gene . The expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells was significantly attenuated by knocking out , leading to effective tumor growth inhibition in murine melanoma and lung metastasis suppression in triple-negative breast cancer. Importantly, we demonstrated that aPBAE/Cas9-Cdk5 treatment elicited strong T cell-mediated immune responses in tumor microenvironment that the population of CD8 T cells was significantly increased while regulatory T cells (Tregs) was decreased. It may be the first case to exhibit direct PD-L1 downregulation CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology for cancer therapy. It will provide promising strategy for preclinical antitumor treatment through the combination of nanotechnology and genome engineering.