Objective:To report for the first time the clinicopathologic characteristics of two patients with light chain deposition disease after renal transplantation.Methods:The clinicopathologic features were analyzed for two patients with light chain deposition disease and the related literature was reviewed.Case 1 was a 49-year-old male with unknown primary disease presenting with abnormal urine test and elevated serum creatinine at 24 months after kidney transplantation. Renal allograft biopsy hinted at light chain deposition disease. Case 2 was a 38-year-old male with light chain deposition disease in native kidneys presenting with proteinuria, microscopic hematuria and elevated serum creatinine at 15 months after kidney transplantation. Renal allograft biopsy supported recurrent light chain deposition disease.Results:1 case after bortezomib and dexamethasone dosing, serum creatinine decreased during follow-ups. 1 case received bortezomib and dexamethasone. However, sepsis and pulmonary infections developed and allograft function deteriorated.Conclusions:Light chain deposition disease after renal transplantation is a rare disorder with a rapid progression and a poor prognosis. Early detection of free light chain in blood and urine through immune fixed electrophoresis is conducive to an early diagnosis. The efficacy of bortezomib is to be furthered examined.

Objective:To explore the risk factors and time distribution of renal relapse in patients with lupus nephritis (LN).Methods:Clinical, pathological characteristics and long-term outcomes of LN patients who were diagnosed and followed in Jinling Hospital from January 2004 to December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into relapse group and non-relapse group. The differences of clinical pathological characteristics between the two groups were compared. The multivariate Cox proportion risk model was used to analyze the risk factors affecting renal relapse in LN. The risk factors and time distribution of renal relapse were analyzed with annual relapse risk-time curve.Results:A total of 814 patients with LN were included in the study, with 419 cases (51.5%) of complete remission and 395 cases (48.5%) of partial remission. The age was (30.24±10.90) years old, and there were 112 males (13.8%). There were 367 patients suffering renal relapse. The time of first renal relapse was (3.21±2.70) years. The results of multivariate Cox regression showed that age ( HR=0.976, 95% CI 0.966-0.986, P<0.001), renal pathological activity index (AI) score ( HR=1.039, 95% CI 1.013-1.065, P=0.003), remission status after induction treatment ( HR=0.671, 95% CI 0.504-0.894, P=0.006), 24 h urinary protein quantitation ( HR=1.297, 95% CI 1.115-1.508, P=0.001), anti-double strand DNA antibody (A-dsDNA, HR=1.450, 95% CI 1.139-1.846, P=0.003) and complement C3 ( HR=0.223, 95% CI 0.128-0.389, P<0.001) were correlated with increasing risk of renal relapse in LN. The annual relapse risk profile was unimodal, with a peak period of the second year after maintenance treatment. Similar patterns of relapse were presented in subgroup analysis. Conclusions:Age, renal pathological AI score, remission status after induction therapy, 24 h urine protein, A-dsDNA and blood complement C3 are the influencing factors for relapse of LN patients. The peak period of renal relapse in patients with LN is in the second year of maintenance therapy.