Objective To evaluate the role of spinal sigma-1 receptors in the maintenance of bone cancer pain (BCP) in rats and the relationship with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).Methods Part Ⅰ Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomized into 2 groups using a random number table:sham operation group (S group,n =4) and BCP group (n =20).BCP was induced by inoculating Walker 256 mammary gland carcinoma cells into the medullary cavity of the right tibia.Four rats were sacrificed on day 10 after inoculation in S group or on day 3,5,7,10 and 14 after inoculation in BCP group,and the L4-6 segments of the spinal cord were removed to measure the expression of sigma-1 receptors by Western blot.Part Ⅱ Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomized into 4 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group),sigma-1 receptor inhibitor BD1047 group (BD group),BCP group,and BCP + BD1047 group (BCP + BD group).On day 10 to 14 after inoculation,normal saline 20 μl was injected intrathecally once a day in S and BCP groups,or BD1047 120 nmol/20μl was injected intrathecally once a day in BD and BCP + BD groups.Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) to yon Frey filament stimulation was measured one day before inoculation,on day 3,5 and 7 after inoculation,and on day 10,12 and 14 after administration.After measurement of MWT on day 14 after inoculation,the rats were sacrificed and the L4-6 segments of the spinal cord were removed to determine the expression of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) by Western blot.Results Part Ⅰ Compared with group S,the expression of sigma-1 was significantly up-regulated and peaked on day 10 after operation in group BCP.Part Ⅱ Compared with S group,no significant changes were found in MWT and p-ERK expression at each time point in BD group,and MWT was decreased and p-ERK expression was up-regulated in BCP and BCP + BD groups.Compared with group BCP,after intrathecal injection of BD1047,MWT was significantly increased and the expression of p-ERK was down-regulated in BCP + BD group.Conclusion Spinal sigma-1 receptors are involved in the maintenance of BCP in rats possibly through promoting phosphorylation of ERK.

Objective To evaluate thetherapeutic effect of sodium deoxyribonucleotide injection at Zusanli point for chemotherapy-induced leukopenia in patients with lung cancer.MethodsA total of 116 chemotherapy-induced leukopenia patients with lung cancer were randomly divided into a therapy group and a control group, 60 in the treatment group and 56 in the control group. The patients in the treatment group were treated with sodium deoxyribonucleotide injection atZusnlipoint, and those in the control group were treated with vein injection of sodium deoxyribonucleotide.Results The total effective rate in the treatment group was significant higher than that in the control group (91.7%vs.76.8%;χ2=4.890,P=0.032). The effective rates on days 3,5,7 and 10 in the treatment group were also significant higher than those in the control group (on day 3: 51.7%vs. 32.1%,χ2=4.530,P=0.036; on day 5: 76.7%vs. 53.6%,χ2=6.840,P=0.018; on day 7: 85.0%vs. 67.9%,χ2=4.770,P=0.026; on day 10: 78.3%vs. 53.6%,χ2=7.960,P=0.011).Conclusion Sodium deoxyribonucleotide injection atZusanlipoint has definite efficacy for chemotherapy-induced leukopenia in patients with lung cancer.

Objective:To analyze the progress of the contracting service model in community health centers in the typical areas in China, and provide empirical evidence for the hierarchical system targeted to make first contact and orderly dual transfer. Methods: Purposive sampling was adopted. Twelve community health centers in Beijing, Shanghai , Zhengzhou and Chengdu areas where the general practitioner model was conducted earlier and set to be the representative one, were selected as the field survey sites. A thematic framework analysis was used to describe the key factors around the contacting service model. Results:This model was developed around the following key factors:using the general practice team as the main service provider, taking the patients with chronic diseases as the main contracting groups and extending to their family members with the number of contracted ranging around 1500~2000 , freely providing both essential public health and medical services, fully using the family physician room as the con-tracting service platform and highlighting the actively serving concept, building the financial and non-financial incen-tives, health insurance benefits and green transfer mechanisms in order to efficiently guarantee the contracting service development. Conclusions: Based on the information platform, the contracting service model in the sample sites played a great role in the appointment and referral services development as well as the self-health management among residents, improving the relationship between physicians and patients, and promoting the formation of orderly health service pursuing pattern.

Objective: To investigate the household eye hygiene among students at grades 3 to 5 in primary schools in Jinshan District, Shanghai Municipality, so as to provide insights into the management of myopia among children and adolescents. Methods: Students at grades 3 to 5 in primary schools were sampled in Jinshan District using a stratified cluster sampling method from December 2021 to January 2022. The household reading environments were observed, including the height of the learning desk and chair, desk surface color and strength. The duration of reading and writing, duration of watching TV and videos, duration of outdoor activities, duration of sleep and eye use behaviors and habits after school and at weekends were investigated using questionnaires. Results: A total of 330 primary school students were surveyed, including 179 boys (54.24%) and 151 girls (45.76%), and there were 36.36% grade 3 primary school students, 36.36% grade 4 students and 27.27% grade 5 students. There were 94.24% of primary school students that used the desk and chair with heights mismatched to students' heights, 25.45% that used desks with dark surface, 26.67% that used desks with light reflection, and 48.48% that used desk lamps with an illumination intensity of <300 lx. There were 56.36% of students with reading and writing duration of 1 h and longer, 15.76% with watching duration of 0.5 h and longer, 86.97% with outdoor activity duration of <1 h and 88.48% with sleep duration of <10 h after school, and 42.42% with reading and writing duration of 2 h and longer, 29.70% with watching duration of 1 hour and longer, 65.45% with outdoor activity duration of <2 h and 55.76% with sleep duration of <10 h at weekends. There were 30.91% of primary school students with 10 cm distance from chest to desk, 26.36% with 33 cm distance from eyes to books and 35.15% with 3 cm distance from fingers to pen points when reading and writing, and 35.45% with >3 m distance from TV, 40.91% with >50 cm distance from computers, and 22.73% with >40 cm distance from cell phones when watching TV or videos. Conclusions The household eye use environments remain to be improved, and there are poor eye use behaviors among primary school students at grades 3 to 5 in Jinshan District, Shanghai Municipality; notably, mismatch between the desk and chair height and students' body height and inadequate sleep are common.

Bones are stained into red color with feeding madder, but we do not know whether the fed madder can change the bone biomechanical properties and bone mineral contents in animals. In this research, we established a rat model with feeding madder. The bone biomechanical properties were detected by universal material mechanics, bone mineral contents were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and spectrometer, and red color material in bone was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that bone biomechanical parameters in femur diaphysis in the 10% and 15% group rats were significantly higher than those in the control group after feeding madder for 6 months. The level of calcium, magnesium and zinc in femur diaphysis in 10% and 15% group rats were higher than those in the control group after feeding madder for 6 months. However, it was shown that the kidney congestion and hyperemia and the level of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in the 15% group rats were significantly different compared to those in the control group rats after feeding madder for 6 months. The red colored material in bone is related to alizarin analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. The conclusion could be drawn that feeding 10% madder in diet was not toxic to the rats fed for 6 months, and it could improve bone biomechanical properties and increase bone mineral elements.
Animals ; Anthraquinones ; toxicity ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; physiology ; Calcium ; Femur ; Magnesium ; Rats ; Zinc

Objective To investigate the prevalence of mutation in the locus 306 of embB gene in multi-drug resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and evaluate the prospects for using it as a molecular marker to detect MDR-TB.Methods The 291 strains enrolled in this study were from the reference laboratory of Shanghai municipal centers for disease control and prevention, all of which had been tested for drug susceptibility.Mutation in embB 306 was screened both by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) and DNA sequencing.The mutation frequencies of embB 306 in the sample groups varied in drug resistance were statistically analyzed.Results 38(51.4% ) of the 74 MDR-TB were embB 306-mutant (X2 =93.8,P＜0.01).Of the 24 TB resistant to at least two drugs but not MDR, 9(37.5% ) were embB 306 mutant (X2 =60.1 ,P＜0.01 ).But only two(4.9% ) embB 306-mutant strains were found in 41 strains resistant to only one drug (X2 =6.8,P=0.0093).None embB 306-mutant strains were found in 152 pansensitive strains.The specificity of using embB 306 as a molecular marker for detecting multi-drug resistant TB was 94.9% (206/217).Conclusions As a molecular marker for screening drug resistant TB,especially MDR-TB, the gene locus embB 306 shows a relatively high sensitivity and specificity, promising a sound future for its application in clinics to realize fast screening of patients infected with MDR-TB and to provide evidence for appropriate medication.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of beta-dystroglycan (beta-DG) and the roles of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) on beta-DG in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC).

METHODSbeta-DG in highly lung metastatic cell line ACC-M and lowly lung metastatic one ACC-2 was tested by immunocytochemistry with different concentrations (10, 15, 20, 25 micromol x L(-1)) of TIMPs, and that without the regulation of TIMPs was served as controls. beta-DG was detected in seven specimens of SACC and ten cases of normal salivary gland tissues which were considered as a comparison group by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThere was no positive beta-DG immune-staining at the ACC-2 and ACC-M cell lines without TIMPs in the cell culture. beta-DG expressed after the regulation of TIMPs. beta-DG expression was localized predominantly in basement membrane of the acinus, while the negative results were distributed in the carcinoma cells and around the cancer cell nests.

CONCLUSIONBeta-DG is widely expressed by transmembrane protein that plays important roles in connecting the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton, the fracture of this structure means that it is easy to invade and transfer, so restoration of beta-DG expression by TIMPs is considered to be critical for successful treatment of SACC.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dystroglycans ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of tunicamycin (a glycosylation inhibitor) combined with cisplatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and explore the molecular mechanism.

METHODSNasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-1 and CNE-2 cells cultured in vitro were treated with different concentrations of tunicamycin with or without cisplatin. The inhibition of cell proliferation was examined using MTT assay and colony formation assay, and the cell apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry with propidium iodide staining. The expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, and GRP78 in cells treated with 3 µmol/L tunicamycin with or without 6.00 µmol/L cisplatin were measured with Western blotting.

RESULTSTreatment with tunicamycin or cisplatin obviously inhibited the proliferation of CNE-1 and CNE-2 cells. Treatment with 3 µmol/L tunicamycin for 24, 36 and 48 h resulted in a viability of 72.13%, 51.97%, and 37.56% in CNE-1 cells and 85.61%, 56.95%, and 43.66% in CNE-2 cells, respectively, and the combined treatment with 6 µmol/L cisplatin lowered the cell viability to 67.97%, 47.76%, and 34.68% in CNE-1 cells and 56.89%, 37.05%, and 29.30% in CNE-2 cells, respectively. Tunicamycin at 0.3 µmol/L combined with 0.6 µmol/L cisplatin showed an obviously enhanced inhibitory effect on colony formation of CNE-1 and CNE-2 cells. Tunicamycin treatment (3 µmol/L) of CNE-1 and CNE-2 cells for 48 h induced an apoptosis rate of only 8.89% and 8.67%, but when combined with 6 µmol/L cisplatin, the cell apoptosis rate increased to 37.02% and 32.25%, significantly higher than that in cells with cisplatin treatment alone (7.25% and 6.36%, respectively). Compared with tunicamycin and cisplatin alone, the combined treatment significantly increased Bax expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression in the cells; tunicamycin up-regulated the expression of GRP-78 and enhanced the activity of caspase-3.

CONCLUSIONTunicamycin can inhibit the proliferation of CNE-1 and CNE-2 cells and enhance cisplatin-induced cell death, the mechanism of which may involve excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress response and increased activity of caspase-3.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; drug effects ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Tunicamycin ; pharmacology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective: To establish an accurate and selective UPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of afatinib in rat plas-ma. Methods: Protein precipitating by acetonitrile was used to prepare the samples. A CORTECS BEH C18column ( 50 mm × 2. 1 mm, 1. 6 μm) was used to separate the analytes at 40℃. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water (0. 1% formic acid) with the flow rate of 0. 4 ml·min-1. The analytes were quantified by multiple reaction monitoring ( MRM) mode with positive electrospray ionization, while the target fragment ions were m/z 486. 19→112. 1 for afatinib and m/z 557. 3→112. 15 for neratinib (IS). Results: The calibration curve obtained good linearity for afatinib within the range of 1–200 ng·ml-1(r=0. 998 1), and the LLOQ in rat plasma was 1. 0 ng/ml. The intra-and inter-day precisions were both≤9. 51% . The recovery of afatinib from plasma was above 77. 1% . After intragastric administration and intravenous administration of afatinib in rats, the t1/2was 7. 19 h and 2. 69 h, Cmax was 97. 78 ng·ml-1and 123. 37 ng·ml-1,and AUC(0-∞)was 1 505. 4 ng·ml-1·h and 405. 55 ng·ml-1·h, respectively. Con-clusion: The validated method can be applied in the pharmacokinetic study of afatinib at the intragastric and intravenous dosage of 10 and 2 mg·kg-1, respectively.

BACKGROUND:Human plantar pressure can reflect the health status of the lower limbs and even the whole body,which is an important basis for gait analysis,and body mass index is an important influencing factor. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of body mass index on plantar pressure. METHODS:Twenty young college students from Xuzhou Medical University,including 10 males and 10 females aged 19-21 years,were selected as test subjects and divided into three groups according to the body mass index value:overweight group(body mass index>25 kg/m2,n=3),lean group(body mass index<18 kg/m2,n=4),and normal group(body mass index 18-25 kg/m2,n=13).A natural walking gait test was carried out on the three groups of subjects with a Zebris pressure distribution measurement plate to obtain the complete gait cycle parameters.The time proportion of support time phase,peak pressure,time to peak force,peak force and impulse volume were analyzed and the correlation between each parameter and the body mass index was analyzed by Person analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the other two groups,the time proportion of support time phase of subjects in the overweight group was relatively small,while the time proportion in the foot heel contact period and forefoot extension period was relatively large.There was a positive correlation of the time proportion of the foot heel contact period and forefoot extension period with body mass index,while there was a negative correlation between the time proportion of the arch support period and body mass index.(2)The peak pressure of the left arch and palm of the foot of the subjects of the overweight group was higher than that of the normal group,and the peak pressure of the left and right palm of the foot of the lean group was lower than that of the normal group.The peak pressure was positively correlated with the body mass index during the foot heel contact period.There was a significant positive correlation between the peak pressure of the left foot and body mass index during the arch support period as well as the peak pressure of both feet and body mass index during the forefoot extension period.(3)Plantar peak force time in the order of the gait cycle in increasing order:heeltoe/middle 2-4 metatarsal>lateral heel>medial and lateral metatarsal>arch;medial heel peak force was the largest,and the arch peak force was the smallest.Except for the toe of the left foot,there was a significant positive correlation between peak force and body mass index.(5)The maximum ground impulse of the lean group and the overweight group was in the foot heel contact stage,the minimum ground impulse was in the forefoot extension period,and the minimum ground impulse of the arch was in the normal group.There was a significant positive correlation between ground impulse and body mass index at different periods.(6)The results show that young people should control their body mass index,wear appropriate shoes,protect their feet and ankles,and prevent the occurrence of flat feet.