Objective To identify the imaging performance and differences between type] and type Ⅱ papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC).Methods Data of 21 lesions of type Ⅰ,27 lesions of type Ⅱ (1 patient had 2 lesions) in 47 patients was retrospectively analyxed.All patients with pathologically proven PRCC were examined by contrast CT or MRI preoperatively.The morphological features,outside invasion signs and performance on contrast-enhanced CT were compared by qualitative and quantitative studies.The maximum diameter of tumors and CT values,△CT values in corticomedullary and nephrographic phase were analyzed by two-sample t-test,classified variable were compared by the Pearson X2 test or the Fisher exact test.Results On morphological behaviors,type Ⅱ PRCC were significantly larger than type Ⅰ PRCC (t =-2.604,P =0.013),more heterogeneous (X2 =14.928,P =0.000),greater probability to show cystic degeneration or necrosis (X2 =5.598,P =0.018) with more severity (X2 =4.769,P =0.029).There was no significant difference in hemorrhage and calcification between the two types observed by contrast-enhanced CT.Respectively,66.7 ％ of type Ⅱ PRCC and 23.8％ of type Ⅰ PRCC had papillary nodule,with obviously significant difference (X2 =8.694,P =0.003).In outside invasion signs,except for margins,type Ⅱ had more easily invaded peripheral fat,renal sinus and distant metastasis compared with type Ⅰ (P＜0.05).On contrast enhanced CT,there were significant differences in CT values and △CT values in corticomedullary phase between the two types (t =-2.674,P =0.012;t =-3.109,P =0.005).And there were no significant difference in unenhanced and nephrographic phase.Conclusions There were certain difference in morphological features,outside invasion signs and enhancement degree between type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ PRCC,and part of type Ⅱ PRCC had aggressive biological behaviors with worse prognosis.

The application and advance of somatic sense interactive devices, such as EyeToy, Wii and Kinect, in the motor rehabilitation were introduced in this paper. The prospect of application of somatic sense interactive technology as an effective approach in rehabilitation is wide and bright.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of low-dose CT perfusion imaging(CTPI)examination combined with iterative model reconstruction (IMR) in the brain.Methods 80 patients with clinical suspicion of acute cerebral infarction underwent the cerebral CTPI were enrolled in this study.30 normal hemispheres on group A [35 cases,80 kV,150 mAs, filtered back projection(FBP)] and group B(45 cases,80 kV,30 mAs, IMR) were selected to evaluate respectively.The pictures' subjective scores, effective radiation dose (ED),CT value,SD,signal to noise ratio(SNR), contrast to noise ratio(CNR) and the perfusion parameters of the grey matter (GM) and white matter(WM) in each hemisphere of the middle cerebral artery(MCA) territory were respectively compared at ASPECTS level 2 for the two groups.Results The ED were 2.52,0.50 mSv for group A,B.There were no statistical significances in the perfusion parameters,CT value, SD, CNR of the ROIs of the GM and WM,the SNR of the ROIs of the GM and the pictures' subjective scores between group A, B (P>0.05).There was statistical significance in the SNR of the ROIs of the WM between group A,B (P<0.05).Conclusion IMR combined with 30 mAs of the CTPI can reduce the radiation dose apparently while maintain the stability of the image quality and perfusion parameters.

Objective:To learn about the iodine nutritional status and thyroid function of pregnant women in the areas of oral lipiodol pills in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang).Methods:In October 2019, using the probability proportionate to size sampling (PPS sampling) method, Aksu Prefecture (Aksu) of Xinjiang was divided into 5 sampling areas according to the directions of east, west, south, north and middle. One county was selected from each area, one township was selected from each county according to the directions of east, west, south, north and middle, and 20 pregnant women were selected from each township. The general demographic data of pregnant women were collected by questionnaires, and 24-hour urine samples, household salt samples and drinking water samples were collected for iodine detection, and serum samples were collected for thyroid function index detection.Results:A total of 555 pregnant women were investigated, including 121, 234 and 200 women in the early, middle and late pregnancy, with an average age of 26 years. Among them, the median of urinary iodine of women in early, middle and late pregnancy was 209.53, 204.27 and 225.29 μg/L, respectively, which was all in the appropriate state. The median of salt iodine was 24.70, 26.00 and 26.20 mg/kg, respectively, and the median of water iodine was 4.85, 3.30 and 4.85 μg/L, respectively. There were no significant difference in urinary iodine, salt iodine and water iodine during different pregnancy ( H= 1.61, 4.38, 2.63, P > 0.05). The prevalence rate of subclinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism and hyperthyroidism in pregnant women was 4.32% (24/555), 0.54% (3/555) and 0.36% (2/555), respectively; and the highest prevalence rate was in the middle pregnancy, which was 7.26% (17/234), 1.28% (3/234) and 0.85% (2/234), respectively. The positive rate of autospecific antibody in pregnant women with normal thyroid function was 13.15% (73/555). The positive rate of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TgAb) was 11.35% (63/555), 8.11% (45/555), respectively. After excluding the pregnant women with positive thyroid autospecific antibody, the range ( P2.5- P97.5) of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in different pregnancy were close to or slightly higher than the recommended reference value in the "Guideline on Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Diseases During Pregnancy and Postpartum (2nd ed)". Except that the P2.5 value of free thyroxine (FT 4) in early pregnancy was lower than the reference value, the FT 4 range in other pregnancy showed the same trend as that of TSH. The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that free triiodothyronine (FT 3) and FT 4, TPOAb and TgAb, TgAb and FT 4 were positively correlated ( r= 0.497, 0.504, 0.216, P < 0.05), and TSH and FT 3 was negatively correlated ( r = - 0.194, P < 0.05) in the early pregnancy; FT 3 and FT 4, TPOAb and TgAb were positively correlated in the middle and late pregnancy ( r = 0.188, 0.527, 0.177, 0.623, P < 0.05); TSH was negatively correlated with FT 3 in the late pregnancy ( r = - 0.165, P < 0.05); there was no correlation between urinary iodine and thyroid function indexes ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:The water iodine in the outer environment of the oral lipiodol pills area Aksu in Xinjiang is low, and the iodine nutrition level of pregnant women is appropriate. Except that the P2.5 value of FT 4 in the early pregnancy is lower than the reference value, the TSH range close to or of women during each pregnancy and the FT 4 range of women in the middle and late pregnancy are slightly higher than the reference value, which still need continuous monitoring.

Objective To study the clinical features of hepatic pseudolymphoma.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 19 patients with hepatic pseudolymphoma who were diagnosed and treated at Zhongshan Hospital in Shanghai from June 2013 to December 2017.Eighteen patients were females and one was a male.The mean age was (55±9) years,range 36 to 68 years.This study mainly analyzed the imaging features,treatment and postoperative results.Results All patients were diagnosed accidentally,and 78.9％ patients did not exhibit any evidence of hepatic B viral infection.A monofocal lesion was found in 14 patients and multifocal lesions in 5 patients.Surgical treatment was performed in all the patients.The lesion size was (1.1±0.4) cm (range 0.5～2.4 cm).Ultrasound revealed hypo-or slightly hypo-echogenicity.On MRI,diffusion weighted imaging showed slight hyperintensity or hyperintensity,all lesions manifested as homogeneous and slightly hyperintensity on T2WI and hypointensity on T1WI.Dynamic enhancement pattern,wash in and wash out,degressive and persistent enhancement were observed in 16(55.2％),12(41.4％),and 1 (3.4％) patients,respectively.More than 70％ of lesions were diagnosed as malignant tumors on preoperative imaging.During a follow-up of 6 ～ 44 months (median:19 months),no patient developed metastasis or recurrence.Conclusions Hepatic pseudolymphoma commonly occurred in women with a small sized lesion.Due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations and imaging findings,preoperative diagnosis was difficult.Surgical resection is still the most optimal treatment.The patients usually have favorable prognosis.

As the National Health Commission changes the management of novel corona virus infection, the situation and preventive policies for controlling the epidemic have also entered a new stage in China. Perioperative care strategies for orthopedic trauma such as designated isolation and nucleic acid test screening have also been adjusted in the new stage. Based on the perioperative work experiences in the new stage of epidemic from the frontline anti-epidemic staff of orthopedics in domestic hospitals and combined with the literature and relevant evidence-based medical data in perioperative care of orthopedic trauma patients under the current anti-epidemic policies at home and abroad, Chinese Orthopedic Association and Chinese Society of Traumatology organized relevant experts to formulate the Guideline for clinical perioperative care of orthopedic trauma patients in the new stage of novel corona virus infection ( version 2023). The guideline summarized 16 recommendations from the aspects of preoperative diagnosis and treatment, infection prevention, emergency operation and postoperative management to systematically standardize the perioperative clinical pathways, diagnosis and treatment processes of orthopedic trauma in the new stage of novel corona virus infection, so as to provide a guidance and reference for hospitals at all levels to carry out relevant work in current epidemic control policies.

The effective classification of multi-task motor imagery electroencephalogram (EEG) is helpful to achieve accurate multi-dimensional human-computer interaction, and the high frequency domain specificity between subjects can improve the classification accuracy and robustness. Therefore, this paper proposed a multi-task EEG signal classification method based on adaptive time-frequency common spatial pattern (CSP) combined with convolutional neural network (CNN). The characteristics of subjects' personalized rhythm were extracted by adaptive spectrum awareness, and the spatial characteristics were calculated by using the one-versus-rest CSP, and then the composite time-domain characteristics were characterized to construct the spatial-temporal frequency multi-level fusion features. Finally, the CNN was used to perform high-precision and high-robust four-task classification. The algorithm in this paper was verified by the self-test dataset containing 10 subjects (33 ± 3 years old, inexperienced) and the dataset of the 4th 2018 Brain-Computer Interface Competition (BCI competition Ⅳ-2a). The average accuracy of the proposed algorithm for the four-task classification reached 93.96% and 84.04%, respectively. Compared with other advanced algorithms, the average classification accuracy of the proposed algorithm was significantly improved, and the accuracy range error between subjects was significantly reduced in the public dataset. The results show that the proposed algorithm has good performance in multi-task classification, and can effectively improve the classification accuracy and robustness.
Humans ; Adult ; Imagination ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Imagery, Psychotherapy/methods* ; Electroencephalography/methods* ; Algorithms ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Aiming at the limitations of clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), in order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, an intelligent-aided diagnosis method based on few-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) and time-frequency deep network is proposed for PD with RBD. Firstly, in order to improve the speed of the operation and robustness of the algorithm, the 6-channel scalp EEG of each subject were segmented with the same time-window. Secondly, the model of time-frequency deep network was constructed and trained with time-window EEG data to obtain the segmentation-based classification result. Finally, the output of time-frequency deep network was postprocessed to obtain the subject-based diagnosis result. Polysomnography (PSG) of 60 patients, including 30 idiopathic PD and 30 PD with RBD, were collected by Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University and the doctor's detection results of PSG were taken as the gold standard in our study. The accuracy of the segmentation-based classification was 0.902 4 in the validation set. The accuracy of the subject-based classification was 0.933 3 in the test set. Compared with the RBD screening questionnaire (RBDSQ), the novel approach has clinical application value.
Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Parkinson Disease/diagnosis* ; Polysomnography ; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder/diagnosis*

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been reported to play an important role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Astrocytes are important components of neurovascular units and tightly appose the endothelial cells of microvessels by their perivascular endfeet and directly regulate the functions of the blood-brain barrier. Astrocytes express more HMGB1 during EAE while the exact roles of astrocytic HMGB1 in EAE have not been well elucidated. Here, using conditional-knockout mice, we found that astrocytic HMGB1 depletion decreased morbidity, delayed the onset time, and reduced the disease score and demyelination of EAE. Meanwhile, there were fewer immune cells, especially pathogenic T cells infiltration in the central nervous system of astrocytic HMGB1 conditional-knockout EAE mice, accompanied by up-regulated expression of the tight-junction protein Claudin5 and down-regulated expression of the cell adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1 in vivo. In vitro, HMGB1 released from astrocytes decreased Claudin5 while increased ICAM1 and VCAM1 expressed by brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) through TLR4 or RAGE. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HMGB1 derived from astrocytes aggravates EAE by directly influencing the immune cell infiltration-associated functions of BMECs.
Mice ; Animals ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism* ; Astrocytes/metabolism* ; HMGB1 Protein/metabolism* ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism*