Objective To study the effect of remifentanil precondition on myocardium against ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods Fifty male SD rats weighing 300-350 g were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 5% pentobarbital 40 mg?kg-1, tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated. Right carotid artery and jugular vein were cannulated for BP monitoring and drug administration. ECG, BP and HR were monitored continuously. The chest was opened and heart exposed via a left thoracotomy. A 6-0 prolene suture was placed around the left coronary artery and a snare was made. The coronary artery was occluded by tightening the snare. Myocardial ischemia was confirmed by the appearance of a regional cyanosis of myocardium, decrease in BP and ST-T changes on ECG. After the surgical procedure a 15-minute stabilization period was allowed. The animals were then randomly divided into 3 groups: Ⅰ control group (CON, n = 9) ; Ⅱ ischemic preconditioning group (IPC, n = 9) and Ⅲ remifentanil preconditioning group which was further divided into 5 subgroups according to the dose of remifentanil (RPC) . In control group the hearts were subjected to 30 min ischemia followed by 120 min reperfusion (I/R). In IPC group the hearts were subjected to 3 episodes of 5 min ischemia in succession at 5 min interval for reperfusion before I/R. In RPC group the animals received 3 periods of 5 min remifentanil infusion at 0.2 (RPC1 , n = 5), 0.6 (RPC2,n = 6), 2 (RPC3 ,n = 8), 6 (RPC4 ,n = 7) or 20 (RPC5 ,n = 6) ?g?kg-1?min-1 at 5 min interval before I/R. MAP, HR and RPP (SP?HR) were recorded before and after I/R. Infarct size (IS) and the area at risk (AAR) were determined by triphenyltetrazolium staining. Results MAP was significantly lower at the end of 30 min ischemia in RPC2, RPC3, RPC4 and RPC5 subgroups than in control group. There was no significant difference in MAP, HR and RPP at the end of 120 min reperfusion among the 3 groups. The infarct size was significantly smaller in IPC and RPC groups than in control group. RPC at 6 ?g?kg-1?min-1 provided best protective effect. The sigmoidal equation of the dose-effect curve was Y = 15.18 + 17.76/ [1 + 10(-2.57-X)]. ED50, was 2.689 ?g?kg-1?min-1.Conclusion Remifentanil and IPC have similar protective effect on the heart against I/R injury.

[Aim]To create CPI mode of teaching Chinese as a foreign language in a TCM university. [Method]Based on conventional teaching, language partner and interculture communication class(mixing Chinese and international students) were introduced in CPI mode. The effect of this mode was ana-lyzed. [Result] By effectively promoting the cooperative learning between Chinese and international students, CPI mode could not only improve Chinese teaching effect, but also improve international students’ability on intercultural communication.[Conclusion] Based on its practice, CPI mode is believed as an effective way to improve teaching and study.

Objective To investigate the effects of tea polyphenol on oligodendrocyte(OLG) in the cerebral ischemic rats. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, control group and tea polyphenol group. The models of whole-brain ischemia were established . Then the rats of tea polyphenol group were divided another 3 groups and injected intraperitoneally with tea polyphenol at diffenrent dose (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, respectively) once a day for seven days . The expressions of precursor OLG cells, pedo-OLG cells and mature OLG cells in the cortex were examined by immunohistochemistry and the positive cells were counted.Results Compared with sham-operated group, the number of precursor OLG cells increased and the number of pedo-OLG cells and mature OLG cells decreased significantly in the control group (all P

Objective To detect the methylation status of DLEC1 promoter in the tissue and serum of colorectal cancer(CRC) patients and to evaluate its clinical relevance.Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from the tissues(cancer tissue and corresponding adjacent normal tissue) and sera of 71 CRC patients;serum genomic DNA was also obtained from 20 patients with benign gastrointestinal diseases and 20 healthy donors.Promoter methylation status of DLEC1 gene was detected by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction(MSP).Results The incidence of aberrant methylation of DLEC1 promoter was 45.1%(32/71) in CRC tissues,which was significantly higher than that in the adjacent normal tissues(7.1%,4/56)(P

Objective To investigate the ability of myocardial fractional flow resever (FFRmyo) in predicting the incidence of major cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction, revascularization and recurrance of angina) 3 months after stent inplantation and also try to find out the cutoff point. Methods Coronary pressure was measured in 79 patients with stable angina immediately after stent implantation. The values of poststenting FFRmyo was calculated and found to be related to the presence of major adverse cardiac events during first 3 months. Results In 14 patients (18.4%), at least one adverse event occurred. Two out of 12 patients experienced recurrance of angina and underwent revascularization. By Logistic Regress analysis, FFRmyo immediately after stenting was the most significant independent variable for predicting major cardiac events. By receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the cutoff point of FFRmyo was 0.92. Conclusion FFRmyo immediately after stenting is an independent predictor of clinical events at first 3 months.

Objective To investigate the effect of preoperative pravastatin preconditioning on myocardial ischemia-repedusion(I／R)injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Sixty ASA Ⅱ orⅢpatients of both sexes aged 18-64 yr undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=15 each)：control group(group C)and 3 pravastatin groups receiving oral pravastatin 10，20 and 40 mg respectively every night for 7 days before operation(group P1-3).The number of patients receiving dopamine(≥5 μg·kg-1·min-1)and adrenaline was recorded from the termination of CPB to the end of operation，from the end of operation to 12 h after operation，during 12-24 h after operation and during 24-48 h after operation.Venous blood samples were taken from central venous line for measurement of plasme cTnI and CK-MB concentrations at 7 days before operation，before induction of anesthesia，at opening of the aorta and at 2，24 and 48 h after opening of aorta.Results The number of patients receiving dopamine and adrenaline was significantly less in group P3 than in group C(P<0.05).Plasma CK-MB and cTnI concentrations were significantly lower in group P3 than in group C(P<0.05).Conclusion Preconditioning with oral pravastatin(40mg／d for 7 consecutive days)can protect myocardium against I／R injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with CPB.

Objective Investigate 6 to 9-year-old Schoolchildren,from 7 primary schools in Pudong Jinyang district,for their bronchial asthma outbreak situation.Methods Ouster Survey from each sampled school.Results altogether 4895 students were surveyed,110 diagnosed sick children were found and the disease rate was 2.25%.The asthma outbreak has been found correlated with gender,age of the first onset,respiratory tract infections,allergy and Genetic factors.Conclusion The cause of asthma outbreak might be related to respiratory tract infections and the change of living environment.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of qualitative diagnosis of small pulmonary nodules (≤1 cm) using multi‐plane reconstruction (MPR) and volume rendering (VR) techniques based on spiral CT scan .Methods The CT images of 190 patients with small pulmonary nodules (≤1 cm) were analyzed retrospectively ,and compared the detection rates of several imaging features among different pathological types of nodules .Results In these 190 patients who were diagnosed as malignance by CT ,168 were confirmed by pathology with an accuracy rate of 88 .4% .The imaging features such as ground glass nodule ,vascular convergence in the benign group were significantly lower than those in the malignant group ,however the solid nodule was observed more frequently in the malignant group (P<0 .05) .The significant differences in other imaging features were not found (P>0 .05) .Except air bronchogram and vascular convergence ,some imaging features (pure ground glass nodule ,part solid ground glass nodule ,solid nodule) showed a decreasing trend ,whereas some others (speculation ,lobulation ,vacuole sign and pleural tag ) were increased among different pathological types of malignant nodules .The linear trend passed the significant test at 0 .017 level .Conclusion CT multi‐plane reconstruction (MPR) and volume rendering (VR) techniques can sufficiently demonstrate the malignant signs in small pulmonary nodules (≤1 cm ) ,can improve to identify different pathological types of such small pulmonary lesions .

Objective To establish an effective method for inducing mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells(MNCs) to differentiate into hepatocytes.Methods MNCs were isolated by gradient density centrifugation,and the cells were cultured in Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's medium supplemented with 10 % new bovine serum(NBS),20 ng/ml hepatocyte growth factor(HGF),10 ng/ml fibroblast growth factor-4(FGF-4) and 10 ng/ml oncostatin m(OSM) for 21 days' induction.The medium was changed every 3 days.Results When MNCs were cultured with HGF,FGF-4 and OSM,cuboidal morphology was observed,and cells also expressed marker genes specific for liver cells in a time-dependent manner.?-fetoprotein(AFP) and cytokeratin 19(CK19) were expressed on the day 7,and CK18 and TAT were detected on the day 14-21,in common with the immunofluoresence results.Differentiated cells further demonstrated these cells also acquired functional characteristics of hepatocytes.Conclusion Mouse MNCs can differentiate into hepatocytes when induced by HGF,FGF-4 and OSM.

Objective To observe and evaluate the expression and significance of Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) mRNA in adult rats′ optic nerve. Methods Optic and sciatic nerves of 8 adult rats were used to make the sections, which were divided into 3 groups: optic-nerve experimental group, sciatic-nerve control group, and optic-nerve negative control group. In situ hybridization was used to observe the expression of NgR mRNA in optic nerve and sciatic nerve. Results The expression of NgR mRNA in the 8 rats was positive in optic nerve and negative in sciatic nerve. The positive signals were arranged along the long axis of optic nerve. Conclusion The expression of NgR mRNA is positive in optic nerve while negative in sciatic nerve in adult rats, which suggests that the positive expression and distribution of NgR may be related to the poor regenerate ability of optic nerves.