Objective To explore the effect of modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) on working memory in schizophrenia patients.Methods 2-back test paradigm was set to measure the performances of working memory.A total of 30 cases of schizophrenia were recruited and measured with accurate rate and reaction time on this tasks before and after treatment with MECT.Differences were analyzed between patients through MECT treatment and 30 patients through drug treatment.Results Repeated measure ment analysis of variance on the accurate rate ((66.70±9.82) ％,(67.61±6.83) ％,(80.72± 12.08) ％) and reaction time((1415.69± 258.51) ms,(1328.65±236.08) ms,(1094.45± 259.44) ms) of 2-back test were significant among three times of MECT (F=19.163,P＜0.001 ; F=13.084,P＜0.001).Schizophrenia patient's performance of error rate and reaction time of 2-back test were higher at the end of 2 weeks after treatment((80.72± 12.08)％;(1094.45± 259.44)ms) than before MECT treatment ((66.70±9.82) ％ ; (1415.69±258.51) ms).The difference between them were significant(t =-4.369,P＜0.001 ; t=5.596,P＜0.001).Schizophrenia patients performance of error rate and reaction time of 2-back test were higher at the end of 2 weeks after treatment((80.72± 12.08)％;(1094.45±259.44) ms) than at the end of 1 day after treatment((67.61±6.83)％;(1328.65±236.08) ms).The difference between them were significant(t=-5.416,P＜0.000; t=3.824,P=0.001).Schizophrenia patients performance of error rate of 2-back test were higher at the end of 2 weeks after treatment than drug treatment group ((73.67±10.41) ％),and the difference between them were significant(t=2.424,P=0.018).Conclusion Working memory functions in schizophrenia patients may be improved in varying degrees with MECT.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disorder of hematopoietic stem cells due to acquisition of somatic mutations.Somatic mutations in phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIGA) account for intravascular hemolysis and other PNH manifestations,but the pathophysiology of clonal expansion of PNH cells cannot be elucidated clearly.PNH is closely related to aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndromes.Today,the gold standard for PNH is flow cytometry to detect the absence or severe deficiency of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins on white and red blood cells.However,PNH diagnosed by phenotype is a group of heterogeneous disease in pathogenesis.Eculizumab,a first-in-class monoclonal antibody that inhibits terminal complement,is highly effective in stopping intravascular hemolysis and improving quality of life.Further research on the pathogenesis of PNH would be helpful to understand the underlying reasons for PNH phenotype cells in different patients,improve differential diagnosis and more targeted and specific therapy.Research progress in recent years will be reviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the inflammatory-nutritional index (INI) and recurrence and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Methods A total of 78 cases patients of gastric cancer with recurrence and 64 cases without recurrence were enrolled. INI was calculated by the ratio of serum albumin and C-reactive protein. The value of INI predicting recurrence was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). According to this value, the Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the effect of INI on prognosis. Results Compared with the control group, the recurrence group showed smaller INI, larger tumors, lower degree of differentiation, deeper invasion and higher TNM stage, the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.01); The INI significantly predicted the recurrence of gastric cancer, with a sensitivity of 62.5%, specificity of 79.5% and critical value of 0.36 (P < 0.01); Additionally, The pathological features were worse in the low INI group than the high INI group , the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01); The INI significantly predicted the prognosis of gastric cancer, with a sensitivity of 65.9%, specificity of 66.8% and the critical value of 0.34 (P < 0.01); Obviously, the survival rate was lower in the low INI group than the high INI group (48.8% vs 25.0%, P < 0.01). Furthermore, INI was an independent risk factor for prognosis of gastric cancer (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.34 ~ 2.59, P < 0.01). Conclusion The INI is closely related to the characteristics of gastric cancer, it is an effective marker to predict recurrence and prognosis of gastric cancer.

This article discusses the causes and base of clinical teaching theory and practice of Medical Ethics,and how to play it into practice and the effect.As proved by practice,clinical teaching plays an active role in fostering medical students' ethical awareness will,improving ethical determinating ability and bringing up medical moral emotion.Clinical teaching theory and practice of Medical Ethics,both in teaching design and teaching notion,adapts to the transformation of medical model,and emphasizes on the teaching thought of "teachers as center,students as main body".

Objective To study the relationship between white blood cell(WBC) count and cardiac events in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) patients treated with reperfusion in the early stage. Methods Two hundred and thirty-five patients with acute STEMI were divided into two groups:percutaneous coronary intervention group (PCI group, 97 patients) and thrombosis therapy group (138 patients). WBC count and cardiac events of the two groups before and after treatment (3 h and the second day and the third day) were recorded and compared. Results The level of WBC count had no changes in two groups before and after treatment in first 3 h (P>0.05) , while the level of WBC count was significantly decreased, and the level of WBC count was significantly lower in PCI group than that in thrombosis therapy group (P<0.05). The rate of no cardiac events and two cardiac events in two groups has no significant differences (P > 0.05). The rate of one cardiac events in PCI group was significantly higher than that in thrombosis therapy group (P<0.05). The rate of three cardiac events in PCI group was significantly lower than that in thrombosis therapy group (P<0.05). WBC count had a positive correlation with cardiac events rate (r = 0.231, P < 0.05). Conclusions Primary percutaneous coronary intervention decreases WBC count and cardiac events rate. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, level of WBC count has positive relationship with cardiac events.

In the recent years,our country have made great developement on the reform about the nation health curative system,consummating the health curative market mechanism and conversion on the conception about health.If legionary hospital want to make a good place in the future competition about curative market,they must do more things.To do this,they must get away from the bad factors in the conducting system for current market and use good factors to achieve more markets in the competition.In order to actualize the business,we must consummate the system about curative service management.

In recent years,zebrafish has become ideal animal models of human disease with its unique characteristics,such as small body,fecundity,fast development and growth,embryo transparency,and so on.Furthermore,the structure and gene of zebrafish eye are highly conservative with human eye,which make ophthalmologists to pay close attentions to zebrafish.This review focused on the studies and applications on zebrafish embryonic development of eyes,and also the applications of currently used genetic regulation and editing techniques and tools.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has become a leading cause of irreversible visual loss in senior population with serious influence to their ability of living independently.Epidemiological researches have revealed various risk factors of AMD,some of which are not controllable such as age,heredity and race ;while others are modifiable such as lifestyle,eye conditions and other systemic diseases.However,the awareness of AMD risk factors is alarmingly low in public.Meanwhile,the understanding of AMD risk factors among ophthalmologists is also unsatisfactory.Therefore,the risk factors of AMD are reviewed here in order to improve the understanding of the ophthalmologists and better guide the clinical management of AMD.

Authors defined the concept of drug packaging wastes,and analyzed the current administration of such waste recycling in China.With reference to experiences of other countries and Taiwan,the paper proposed to refine the legal framework for recycling drug packaging waste in China,by categorizing to set up the categorized recycling mechanism,and by refining the process to build the reverse logistics recycling system.