The blood-brain barrier (BBB) exerts its central nervous system (CNS) protective function as it hinders the delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents to the brain. With the development of nanotechnology during the last thirty years, the nanocarriers for delivering drugs make it possible to transport drugs across the BBB. The brain-targeted drug delivery system usually consists of two parts: nanocarriers and brain-targeted strategies. In this review, several kinds of nanocarriers are introduced for brain-targeted drug delivery. We focus on several possible strategies for brain-targeting and comment on their advantages and disadvantages in application.

Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective To investigate the relationship of iPTH levels, calcium and phosphorus metabolism with cardiovascular event status in the chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. Methods This article retrospectivly studied the clinical and laboratory data of 87 CRF patients. 66 patients of A group didnt occur cardiovascular events,and 21 cases of B group occurred cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. This article analyzed iPTH levels,serum calcium, phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus product and therelationship between cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events between the two groups. Results Decreased iPTH,increased serum C reactive protein and increased lipoprotein(a) had relationship with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with chronic renal failure,but calcium,phosphorus,calcium and phosphorus product has nothing to do with the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events increased significantly in dialysis patients than in non - dialysis patients. Conclusiou Chronic renal failure patients on dialysis levels of serum iPTH, CRP level, LP(a) level and dialysis could lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

Lipoxygenase(LO) pathway had been implicated in the pathogenesis of such cardiovascular diseases as hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis, and palys and important role in the development of these disease. LO inhibitiors could suppress vascular contractile responses significantly, reduce blood pressure, inhibit migration of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC), attenuate neointimal thickening in the injuried arteries and generation reactive oxygen species(ROS), block monocyte binding to VSMC, etc. The effects of LO inhibitors were associated with marked inhibition of MAPK pathway. Therefore, inhibition of LO pathway may provide a new strategy for preventing and treating above diseases, suggesting that LO mat be a novel taget for such purposes.

Objective To evaluate the performance of the target controlled infusion(TCI) system with midazolam during combined spinal and epidural anesthesia. Methods Twenty female patients scheduled for selective lower abdominal or pelvic surgery under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia were enrolled in this study. They use combined spinal and epidural anesthesia with target controlled infusion of midazolam sedation. Midazolam plasma concentration was set at 100ng/ml. Blood pressure,heart rate, pulse oxygen saturation were monitored during anesthesia and operation. We use BIS as a pharmacodynamic value of midazolam sedation. Blood samples were taken from radial arterial for analysis of plasma midazolam concentration during infusion. Midazolam plasma concentration were tested by high performance liquid chromatography. Results MDPE of target controlled infusion with midazolam with Burher parameters was 38.7%, MDAPE was 38.7%,and wobble is 24.9% in Chinese female patients. Conclusions Burher parameters of midazolam target controlled infusion system should be correct, then can be used for our country female patients conscious sedation accurately.

Objective To investigate the effects of the cognitive behavior therapy on anxiety for postoperative patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant cancer in surgery intensive care unit. Methods A total of 82 patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor who accept surgery from January 2014 to September 2016 were chosen and averagely divided into intervention group with cognitive behavior therapy based on control group and control group taking routine nursing and general psychological care by random number table in SICU. The application of self-evaluation of anxiety scale (SAS) evaluation of anxiety level before and after the intervention in patients with and without improvement, and compare the two groups of stay in SICU patients satisfaction evaluation intervention is effective. Results Compared with control group, the cognitive behavioral therapy, after intervention group patients with SAS scoring[(50.56 ± 6.52) ]points SAS scores than the control group [(57.51 ± 6.11)] points decrease, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 01);intervention group check in SICU satisfaction (97.6％,40/41) also better than the control group (90.2％, 37/41), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=7.527, P < 0.05). Conclusion cognitive behavioral therapy can effectively reduce the anxiety of postoperative patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant cancer in SICU, and effectively improve the comfort level and satisfaction in SICU.

Objective To retrospectively compare the clinical results of locking plate of proximal humerus (LPPH) and traditional AO plates in treatment of proximal humerus fractures in aged osteoporotic population. Methods From July 2002 to May 2005, 37 old osteoporotic patients with humerus fractures were treated with LPPH and traditional AO plates respectively in our department. The results were compared retrospectively. Results Follow-ups were conducted six weeks, 12 weeks and one year postoperatively to assess shoulder scores, bone healing and necrosis of humerus head. Comparison showed that the results for LPPH group were statistically better than those for traditional AO plate group in rate of implant loosening and SPADI (shoulder pain and disability index) scores. Conclusion LPPH has an obvious advantage over traditional AO plate in treatment of proximal humerus fractures in aged osteoporotic people.

The significance of the blood glutathion reductase activity coeff i-.cient (BGR-AC) as the guide line to assess riboflavin status in 28 radar operators was studied by comparing with the amount of their urinary excreted riboflavin.The 28 subjects were randomized into 4 groups and the riboflavin intake was 0.53.mg,1.0 mg,2.0 mg,and 3.0 mg respectively.It was found that there was a significant negative correlation between BGR-AC and urinary excretion of riboflavin,and with the incrase of riboflavin intake,there was a significant decrease of BGR-AC in Groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ though the difference between Group Ⅲ and Group Ⅳ was insigificant.On the basis of the BGR-AC values of the 4 groups,an exponential equation was established which tells the riboflavin requirement of radar operators.It is defined that when BGR-AC is smaller than equal to 1.24,it is normal and when it is larger than 1.24,it means abnormal riboflavin status of the individual.

Objective:To establish an atomic absorption spectrometry method for the determination of lead and ferrum in pre-mix-ture coating film. Methods:The samples were digested by microwave digestion system, and Pb was determined by graphite atomic ab-sorption spectrometry(GFAAS), and Fe was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS). Results: There was good linear relationship within the range of 1.0-5.0 μg·L-1(r=0.999 4) for lead and 0.1-1.0 mg·L-1(r=0.998 4) for ferrum. The recovery of lead was 91. 3%(RSD=1. 4%,n=9)and that of ferrum was 89. 9%(RSD=3. 5%,n=9). Conclusion: The method is accurate and stable, which can be used for the determination of lead and ferrum in pre-mixture coating film

Background and purpose: Accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to the activation of proto-oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes play important roles in development and progression of bladder cancer. We aimed to investigate the methylation patterns of TWIST1 gene in bladder cancer. Methods:A total number of 78 histologically conifrmed bladder tumor samples and paired 75 urine samples constituted the study group and was compared with 75 age-matched and gender-matched non-cancerous individuals. DNA was puriifed from both tumor, adjacent tissues and urine samples. The methylation status of the TWIST1 gene was analyzed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in both urinary bladder cell carcinoma samples, adjacent tissues and urine samples. Sensitivity and speciifcity values of the method were assessed and compared with the results of the cytology test. Results:Methylation of TWIST1 was detected in 88.5%of carcinoma samples and 84%of the paired urine samples,respectively;11.5%carcinoma adjacent tissues and 5.3%control urine sample was methylated. The sensitivity by urine cytology detection method was 49.3%in in bladder cancer patients, and was 17.3%in control group. The sensitivity of TWIST1 genes was 66.7%for low-grade cases. The sensitivity of urine cytology was 33.3%for the same low-grade cases. Conclusion:The methylation analysis of TWIST1 gene may be a simple, non-invasive, sensitive, and speciifc method for early detecting bladder cancer cells in urine.