Objective To explore the levels of serum adiponectin(APN)and homocysteine(Hcy)in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes metlitus(T2DM)complicating retinopathy and the relation between these two indicators.Methods Sixt-eight cases of complicating retinopathy(T2DM+DR group)were screened from the elderly inpatients with T2DM in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2014.Their general data were investigated.The routine biochemical indicators were tested.The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to measure the serum total APN,high molecular weight APN and Hcy levels.Mean while the correlation among total APN,high molecular weight APN and Hcy was evaluated by adopting the Pearson correlation analysis.Contemporaneous 65 cases of elderly T2DM and 70 elderly people undergoing the healthy physical examination were chosen as the T2DM group and NC group respectively.Results The WHR,FBP,TC,TG,LDL-C,HbA1c,FINS and HOMA-IR in the T2DM+DR group and T2DM group were higher than those in the NC group,while the HDL-C level was lower than that in the NC group(P＜0.05);the duration and BMI of the T2DM-4-DR group were higher than those of the T2DM group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);the levels of total APN and high molecular weight APN in the T2DM+DR group and T2DM group were lower than those in the NC group,while the Hcy level was higher than that in the NC group(P＜0.05);moreover the levels of total APN and high molecular weight APN in the T2DM+DR group were lower than those in the T2DM group,and Hey level was higher than that in the T2DM group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);the levels of total APN(r=-0.654)and high molecular weight APN(r=-0.562)were negatively correlated with the Hey level in the T2DM+DR group(P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The serum APN level is decreased and Hcy level is increased in elderly patients with T2DM complicating retinopathy,which may be associated with the progression of retinopathy in T2DM.

This paper mainly discussed the present situation of the pension mode transformation from traditional family pension to social pension. The existing ethical issues in pension institution include: old filial piety thought deeply rooted;institutional care services cannot be carried out caused by unfair distribution balance; humanistic thought of human ethical care implementation does not do well; some agencies have occasional bad behavior. Therefore, this paper proposed some advices based bioethical perspective:for old people and their children, advo-cate the new filial piety;pension institutions not only improving the quality of the hardware but also should strength-en humanistic ethics concern;establish and perfect the laws and regulations, combining the rule of law with moral and ethical;the relevant government departments should insist on and strengthen the principle of fair justice.

In recent years , with the development of medical health and the progress of economy , the citizens'demands for daily health are improved continually , and health services need to be rapid development .However , in the principle of medical ethics and humanism humanistic care of patients , it is easy to ignore the other two key as-pects -the medical staff and patients with the family .This paper analyzed the emotion and psychology of patients'families and medical staff in caring for the patients and corresponding solutions , so that the three can effective communication to build a harmonious doctor -patient relationship , and then promote patient recovery and be advan-tageous to the long-term development of the reform of health services .

Objective To synthesize aristolochic acid Ⅰ(AAⅠ)-DNA adduct in vitro and to develop a method for the characterization of the adduct. Methods Aristolochic acid (AA) was incubated with 2′-Deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate in vitro using either enzymatic activation (by xanthine oxidase) or chemical activation (by zinc) to synthesize AAⅠ-DNA adduct. The AAⅠ-DNA adduct was characterized by the liquid chromatography electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Results AAⅠ-DNA adduct was prepared by two activation methods. Full scan spectra were obtained in the negative ion mode and the quasi-molecular ion peak was m/z 621. Analysis by electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) provided useful structural information about AAⅠ-DNA adduct. Conclusion AAⅠ can bind covalently to the exocyclic amino group of purine nucleotides to form AAⅠ-DNA adduct. LC/MS/MS is a practical tool to detect AAⅠ-DNA adduct.

Objective To establish a malignant pleural effusion model of Lewis lung cancer in C57BL/6 mice based on Micro Echo technology. Methods Single tumor cell suspension of Lewis lung cancer was injected into thoracic cavity.The pleural effusion was detected by Micro Echo technology.The volumes of effusion were quantified and the tumor cells were counted.Results After implanted of tumor cell, malignant pleural effusion can be detected by Micro Echo technology and observed after autopsy.Chemotherapy drugs such as Cyclophosphamide and Cisplatin can decrease the effusion volumes.Conclusion Pleural effusion model of Lewis lung cancer based on Micro Echo technology can be used to evaluate the efficacy of antitumor drugs.

Ventilatory volumes and respiratory flow rate during quiet and rapid respiration were measured in 480 healthy pilots of our Air Force. The mean values were: VE, 9.58?1.74 1/min; MVV, 154.69?19.48 l/min; PIFR, 23.56?4.60 l/min; and FPIFR, 182.388?29.95 l/min.Regression analysis showed that they correlated well with each other as well as with body surface area (BSA), age, sitting height etc. The regression. formulae are Y = 2.97398 + 3.74173X2 for VE, Y = 103.921-0.839956X1 + 44.4811X2 for MVV, Y = 20.2761+0.735782X4 for PIFR, and Y = 99.9757-0.69924X1+ 59.7506X2 for FPIFR, where X1 stands for age, X2 for BSA, and X4 for vital capacity.The above results should provide a valuable physiological basis for designing aircraft oxygen equipment,for laying down the standard of on-board oxygen supply, and for pulmonary functional tests in pilots.

Objective To investigate the potential effect of depression on overweight and obesity in Tangshan city .Methods A total of 2 180 subjects were enrolled into this cross‐sectional survey conducted in Kailuan community .Anthropometric measurement and structured questionnaire survey were administered to each subject .Status of depression was assessed by Patient Health Ques‐tionaire‐9(PHQ‐9) .The potential effect of depression on overweight and obesity was analyzed with Logistic regression .Results The average score of PHQ‐9 as well as the prevalence of moderate or major status of depression in people with overweight and obe‐sity was significantly higher than those with normal weight .The multivariate logistic regression showed that the score of PHQ‐9 was a risk factor for prevalence of overweight and obesity (OR=1 .43 ,95% CI:1 .05-1 .95 ,P<0 .05;OR=1 .07 ,95% CI:1 .04-1 .10 ,P<0 .05) .In comparison to the none/mild depression ,moderate and major depression could significantly increase the risk for overweight (OR=2 .28 ,95% CI:1 .49-3 .49 ,P<0 .05 ;OR=3 .47 ,95% CI:2 .06-5 .84 ,P<0 .05) and obesity (OR=1 .22 ,95%CI:1 .03-1 .45 ,P<0 .05 ;OR=1 .81 ,95% CI:1 .44-2 .29 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion The depression status could contribute to the development of overweight and obesity and the role of psychological elements should be taken into consideration in overweight and obesity management .

The aim of this paper is to report the study on gene silencing efficiency of siRNA targeted against mouse VEGFR2 (siVEGFR2) in vitro mediated by polyethyleneimine (PEI) and its anti-tumor effect in vivo. CY3-labeled siRNA was compounded into PEI and transfected into MS1 cells. Confocal microscopy was used to image the subcellular distribution of siRNA in MS1 cells. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate VEGFR2 gene silencing induced by siVEGFR2/PEI complexes. A tumor-bearing nude mice model was established to compare the anti-tumor effect after delivered by local and systemic routes. siVEGFR2/PEI complex-transfected cells exhibited much fluorescence in cytoplasm with no evidence of nuclear accumulation. The expression levels of VEGFR2 mRNA and protein in PEI-transfected cells were significantly down-regulated compared with that in blank group, the silencing efficiency were 28.2% and 23.6% respectively. The tumor sizes in mice intratumorally injected with siVEGFR2/PEI complexes (189.429 +/- 17.562 mm3) were reduced definitely compared to that in mice injected with siVEGFR2/PEI complexes via vein route (315.507 +/- 20.491 mm3), or to saline groups (365.844 +/- 20.713 mm3). The study demonstrated that PEI could effectively transfect siRNA into cells and silence the VEGFR2 gene expression. Intratumoral delivery is more suitable for non-targeted modified PEI/siRNA complexes to inhibit the tumor growth in vivo. The present data lay a solid foundation to further study on the gene silencing mechanism for PEI-medicated RNAi and its anti-tumor efficiency in vivo.

Objective To explore the application of case-based discussion combined with translational medicine teaching method in clinical teaching of gastrointestinal surgery.Methods Totally 100 undergraduates of clinical medicine in grade 2007 and 100 undergraduates in grade 2008 from the second military medical university were divided into experimental class (50 students,25 in discussion class and 25 in comprehensive class) and control class (50 students).Method of case-based discussion was applied in discussion class; method of case-based discussion combined with translational medicine was employed in comprehensive class and traditional method was used in control class.Results Scores in experimental class were superior to those in control class ; questionnaire survey showed that 90％ students thought the new model was better than the traditional model; the interests of students in exploring clinical problem in experimental class were increased (90％ vs.50％ ) ;the sense of mission and responsibility was Strengthened (86％ vs.64％ ) ;the scientific research thinking was more active (80％ vs.48％ ) ; the individual ability and quality were enhanced (76％ vs.50％ ),the depth and width of study were markedly increased (80％ vs.52％ ),the consciousness of independent study and thinking was strengthened (88％ vs.54％ ).Comprehensive class had more obvious improvements in scientific research thinking,individual ability and quality,depth and width of study,independent study and thinking.Conclusions The new teaching model which combined translational medicine with case discussion breaks through the traditional model and adapts to the requirements of modem medicine,it can enhance the teaching effect and worth promoting in educational reform.

BACKGROUND: A number of studies have suggested that lycopene is an antioxidant which is used to decrease the risk of age-related chronic diseases.OBJECTIVE: To establish a rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis, and to investigate the effects of lycopene in preventing bone loss in ovatiectomized rat models of osteoporosis.METHODS: The 6-month-old female Wistar rats, SPF grade, which had never given birth, were divided into sham and ovatiectomized groups. The ovatiectomized rats were further sub-divided into four groups which were administered with corn oil orally as model group, lycopene (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, daily) or treated by intraperitoneal injection with estradiol benzoate (25 mg/kg, twice).RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 12-week administration, as compared with the model group, the uterus weight of high-dose and low-dose lycopene groups significantly increased (P < 0.05); the Ca, P, superoxide dismutase levels, percent trabecular area,and trabecular number were obviously higher, and serum alkaline phosphatase, urine deoxypyridinoline, malondialdehyde,trabecular separation and number of osteoclasts were obviously lower in the lycopene groups than the model group (P < 0.05). The bone mass index, bone bio-mechanics and bone histomorphometry were better in the lycopene groups than the model group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that lycopene has a definite antiosteoporotic effect on ovatiectomized rats.