Objective Using solid dispersion technique to prepare Silymarin Dropping Pill to accelerate dissolution and to improve bioavailability. A central composite design-response surface method was employed to select the optimum formulations. Methods Independent variables were Poloxamer 188 content and silymarin content, while dependent variables were disintegrating time and percent of silymarin dissoluted at a definite time. Linear, two and three order quadratic models were used to estimate the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Response surfaces were delineated according to best-fit mathematic models and optimum formulations were selected there from. Prediction was carried out through comparing the observed and predicted values. Results Three order quadratic equation was the best-fitted mathematic models to describe the relationship between dependent and independent variables, with a regression coefficient of 0.998. Bias between observed and predicted values of disintegrating time and dissolution percentage of optimum formulation dropping pill were negligible, indicating the high predictability of the fit models. Percent dissolution of Silymarin Dropping Pill at 60 min was 19 times as that of conventional tablets. Conclusion Dissolution speed of silymarin can be effectively improved through incorporating into dropping pills. It shows that the optimum mathematic model is highly predictive. The central composite design-response surface method can be fairly used in formulation screening.

Objective To study the technology of flocculation of water-extraction solution in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos by uniform design method.Methods The liquid concentration ratio, chitosan dosage, temperature and pH were studied with the ratio of the precipitation and the rate of the transformation of valid target as index.Results The optimal flocculation process was: dosage of chitosan was 0.14%, pH was 6, the concentration of the solution was 1:3 and the temperature was 30℃.Conclusions The effect of purification is good, and the flocculation process can replace the traditional precipitation process.

e tissue and myocardium, as well as myocardial uhrastructure were well-improved; the gene expressions of PPAR-α and GLUT4 were raised in APSgroup. APS may be partially effective in treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Objective To investigate the clinical features,magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),treatment,and follow-up of patients with glutaric aciduria type Ⅰ (GA-1).Methods Four pediatric patients with GA-1 diagnosed in our hospital were included in this study.They were treated with special diets and carnitine supplements.MRI and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were performed,and the mental development indices were measured.Results GA-1 was confirmed 2 months,13 months,4 months,and 7 months after birth.Seizure had been observed before the disease diagnosis in three patients and disappeared after treatment.In all four patients,T2-weighted brain MRI showed frontotemporal atrophy or hypoplasia and enlarged subarachnoid space in the sylvian fissures and anterior to the temporal lobes.Diffusion weighted imaging revealed high-density lesions over both the putamen and globus pallidus.The patients were followed up for 4 to 5 years.Plasma amino acids and acylcamitine profile were monitored every 3-5 months.The mean C5DC level and C5DC/C8 were kept the higher limits of the normal ranges,especially in case 3.During the follow-up,the body weight was at-2 SD-0 and the height at-1 SD-0.Intellectual development test showed that case 1 and case 4 had mildly abnormal intelligence,whereas case 2 and case 3 had extremely severe intellectual disability.Gene test confirmed the presence of gene mutations in all four cases,including IVS10-2A ＞ C homozygous mutation in cases 1,3,and 4 and [IVS10-2A ＞ C] + [c.245G ＞c(p.Arg82Pro)] hybrid mutation in case 2.Two female children were smoothly enrolled by local kindergarten,while two male children were unable to walk alone due to delayed motor development and spastic paralysis.Conclusions The phenotype of GA-1 patients is not remarkably correlated with its genotype correlation.Newborn screening is essential for identifying GA-1 patients.

Objective This article was designed to observe the effects of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on glucose and lipid metabolism, and on expressions of proxisome proliferator activated receptors-α (PPAR-α) and its downstream genes in diabetic hamsters cardiomyopathy. Methods Forty-five hamsters were divided into 3 groups randomly: normal control group (15 normal hamsters), diabetic control group [15 streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic hamsters], and astragalus polysaccharides (APS)-therapy group (15 STZ-induced diabetic hamsters administered with APS 2 g/kg per day orally for 10 weeks). The levels of insulin, C-peptide, myocardial enzymes, glycosylated serum protein (GSP) and lipoprotein of all hamsters were measured. The ultrastructure of myocardium was studied, and the gene and protein expressions of PPAR-α, FATP and ACS were also detected by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Results It was shown that Compared with DM group, the levels of GSP, myocardial enzymes and lipoprotein of hamsters in APS-therapy group were lower, the myocardial ultrastructure of hamsters in APS-therapy group was well-protected, and the gene and protein expression of PPAR-α, FATP and ACS of hamsters in APS-therapy group were higher. Conclusions APS is partly effective in treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Oncology is extensive in contents,covering a wide range of organs,systems and clinical specialties.Here,we discuss the feasibility and necessity of flipping the classroom teaching through the introduction of Oncology and through the implementation of flip classroom teaching for oncology graduate students,this paper analyzes the evaluation of the classroom teaching by the teachers and students,and compares the assessment results of students under different teaching methods.The results show that the flipped class can promote students' initiative learning,promote students' classroom participation,and help students to internalize and consolidate their knowledge of oncology in the theoretical teaching of graduate oncology.

Objective To investigate etiology and clinical features of acute pancreatitis (AP) in young patients. Methods In total, 423 patients with AP admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province during January 2006 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed, 55 cases aged 34 years or less as young group and another 55 cases aged more than 34 years as middle- and elderly-age group. Their etiology, clinical features and illness scores based on some standard criteria were assessed. Results Proportion of varied etiologies of AP in young group was different from that in middle- and elderly-age one (x2 = 17. 107, P = 0. 009) , mainly as biliary and idiopathic pancreatitis in young group and as biliary and alcoholic pancreatitis in middle- and elderly-age one. Incidence of diet-related and idiopathic pancreatitis were higher in young group than that in middle- and elderly-age one ( x2 =4. 853, P = 0. 028 and x2=4. 274, P = 0. 039 ). Scores of the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II ( APACHE II ) , Ranson criteria and the bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis ( BISAP) were all lower in young group than those in middle- and elderly-age one (t = 5. 381 , P = 0. 000; t = 4. 388 , P = 0. 000 and t=3. 083, P = 0. 003 ) . There was no statistically significant difference in scores of computed tomography severity index ( CTSI) between young group and middle- and elderly-age one (t = ±0. 750, P > 0. 05 ) . Recurrence rate of AP was lower in young group than that in middle- and elderly-age one ( x2 =4. 251, P = 0. 039). Cholecystitis was more complicated in young group, pregnancy was more complicated in young group (x2 =4. 151 , P =0. 042) , and elevated blood glucose was more complicated in middle- and elderly-age one (x2 = 13. 285 , P = 0. 000 ) . Conclusions Etiology of AP varies in young patients with more dietary factors, occurrence of systemic complications and risks for death are lower in young group than those in middle- and elderly-age one, and there was no statistically significant difference in local complications and severity of illness between the two groups.

Objective To study the effect of nursing intervention on postural hypotension of aged with heart disease.Methods Nursing intervention were gived to the 68 aged patients with heart disease and postural hypotension.The effect of nursing intervention on postural hyporension and hypotension associated symptoms were observed.Results The postural hypotension was improved and the incidence of hypotension associated symptoms were reduced after nursing intervention.Differences were statistically significant(P＜0.01).Conclusion Nursing intervention was effective on the improvement of postural hypotension.

Objective To study the role of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in pediatric Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura (HSP). Methods Urinary levels of KIM-1 were examined using ELISA in 48 children with HSP including 23 HSPN children (HSPN group) and 25 non-HSPN children (HSP group), and 20 healthy children. The levels of urinary creatinine and 24-hour urine protein were also detected. The results were analyzed and compared among groups. Results The ratio of urinary KIM-1/creatinine (Cr) in HSPN children was signiifcantly higher than that in the other two groups (P<0.05). There was no signiifcant difference in the ratio of urinary KIM-1/Cr between HSP group and the control group (P>0.05). The ratio of urinary KIM-1/Cr had no correlation with 24-hour urine protein in all HSP children (r=0.239, P=0.590). Conclusions Urinary KIM-1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of pediatric HSPN.

21 8 patients with acute pulpitis were randomly divided into 2 groups.1 09 cases were treated by Depulpin inactivation agent (group DI)for emergency management,another 1 09 cases were treated by pulp drainage with phenol camphor cotton ball(group CP).The effective analgesia rate of DI and CP group was 95.4% and 69.7% respectively(P<0.001 ).