OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cumulative incidence of end-stage renal disease(ESRD)in Chinese hypertensive type2diabetic patients with microalbuminuria(DHM)treated with different regimes,and to provide reference for decision makers.METHODS:A peer-reviewed Markov model that simulated progression from microalbuminuria to nephropathy,dou?bling of serum creatinine,ESRD,and all-cause mortality in patients with DHM was adapted to China.Three strategies were compared:(1)early use of irbesartan(i.e.prompt treatment in subjects with microalbuminuria);(2)late use of irebesartan(i.e.as from overt nephropathy);(3)standard hypertension care(with comparable blood pressure control).Cumulative incidence of ESRD,costs and life expectancy were projected for a hypothetical cohort of1000subjects.Treatment-specific progression and mortality probabilities were derived from published trials:IRMA-2(in microalbuminuria)and IDNT(in overt nephropathy).Medical management and cost data per state were obtained from published local sources.A flexible time horizon up to25years and third party payer perspective were used.Future costs and LE were discounted at3%yearly.RESULTS:When compared with standard blood pressure control,early use of irbesartan was evaluated to reduce the cumulative incidence of ESRD from(mean?standard deviation)8%to22%,save RMB30348(US＄3667),and add0.638life years per treated patient.Late use of irbesartan was dominant over control group but dominated by early irbesartan.Break-even occurred after13years.CON?CLUSION:Treating DHM patients by early use of irbesartan is evaluated to reduce the incidence of ESRD,extend life and reduce costs.Treating patients at a later stage is still beneficial,however to a lower extent.

Objective To construct a maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3)expression plasmid vec-tor,and to obtain MEG3 over-expressed human pancreatic carcinoma SW1990 cells by transfection,and to ana-lyze the effect of MEG3 overexpression on the proliferation of human pancreatic carcinoma SW1990 cells. Methods A complete gene sequence based on the sequence of MEG3 in the GenBank was designed and inser-ted into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3. 0 to construct recombinant plasmid pcDNA3. 0-MEG3. It was identified by sequencing and transfected into human pancreatic carcinoma SW1990 cells. The expression of MEG3 in SW1990 cells was confirmed by RT-PCR. The effect of MEG3 on proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. In this study,the SW1990 cells transfected by plasmid pcDNA3. 0 were named negative control group, and the usual SW1990 cells were named blank control group. Results A MEG3 expression plasmid vector-pcDNA3. 0-MEG3 was constructed successfully. And pcDNA3. 0-MEG3 vector was transfected into SW1990 cells successfully. The expression of MEG3 at mRNA in MEG3-SW1990 cells increased significantly,about 895 times(F = 73. 592,P ﹤ 0. 01). The results of MTT assay indicated that over-expressed MEG3 could obviously inhibit SW1990 cells proliferation in vitro. After SW1990 cells transfected with pcDNA3. 0-MEG3 for 72 hours, the absorbance value was 0. 81 ± 0. 06,with a statistically significance(F = 33. 489,P ﹤ 0. 01)compared with negative control group(1. 17 ± 0. 07)and blank control group(1. 08 ± 0. 03). Conclusion A MEG3 expre-ssion plasmid vector-pcDNA3. 0-MEG3 is constructed successfully. It is confirmed that MEG3 and its product have obvious inhibitory effects for the proliferation of human pancreatic carcinoma SW1990 cells.

Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is a tumor-suppressing gene,and MEG3 RNAs,its products,are a series of long noncoding RNAs.The MEG3 gene is lost in kinds of human tumors,further more,the methylation of related DNA region is directly associated with the deficiency of MEG3 expression.Studies show that MEG3 gene and MEG3 RNAs can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis,which is associated with the fuction of tumor suppressor gene p53.

objective To quantify the expression of kallikrein gene 6 (KLK6) in malignant and benign breast tissues and to statistically analyze the relationship between KLK6 expression levels and the clinico-pathological variables in patients with breast cancer. Method Paired breast tissue samples of cancerous and corresponding non-cancerous tissues were obtained from 48 patients with breast cancer who underwent surgical resection. Quantitative analysis of KLK6 mRNA expression was done using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). The relationship between KLK6 expression intensity and various clinico-pathological variables was analyzed. In addition, the technique of small interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing was used to suppress the KLK6 expression in MCF-7, and to investigate the effects of KLK6 on cell proliferation rate and cell cycle. Results KLK6 mRNA over expression was found in cancerous tissues in 35 out of 48 patients (73%) as compared with normal breast tissue. The mean expression level of KLK6 mRNA in cancerous tissues was significantly higher than that in non-cancerous tissues (P

OBJECTIVE:To provide scientific basis for the research quality of pharmacoeconomic on the domestic digestive system diseases.METHODS:The pharmacoeconomic research literatures published on professional academic magazines before2003were collected either by computer or by manual research,and which were then systematically evaluated.RESULTS:Some problems were found in the88pharmacoeconomic research literatures obtained,including the study perspective,design,result analysis and discussion of study.CONCLUSION:It is suggested a guideline for pharmacoeconomic research be made and the pharmacoeconomic research be further standardized,the academic exchanges and evaluation feedbacks be increased;meanwhile,personnel training should be emphasized for a better formulation of the related policies and the rational medication in the clinic.

Objective:To investigate whether the overexpression of Oct4B1 gene induces epithelial mesenchymal transition in human colorectal cancer SW480 cells and its possible mechanism.Methods: Experimental group(SW480-Oct4B1):Transfection of SW480 cell lines in colorectal cancer with Oct4B1 overexpression plasmid;Control group(SW480-Oct4B1):negative control plasmid with G418 resistance.Stably transfected cell lines were obtained by G418 culture medium.The two groups were compared with:①Detection of Oct4B1 gene expression in stably transfected cell lines by RT-qPCR;②Scratches and Transwell assays were used to estimate migration and invasion;③Detection of EMT related markers E-cadherin,N-cadherin and Vimentin protein expression by Western blot assay;④Detection of Twist gene and protein expression by RT-PCR and Western blot assays.Results: The transient transfection was confirmed by RT-qPCR and the stable transfected cell lines were obtained from two groups of cells transfected with G418 culture medium.Compared with the control group:①RT-qPCR revealed increased expression of Oct4B1 gene in the experimental group(P<0.01);②Cell migration and invasion were significantly increased(P<0.01);③Epithelial marker:the expression of E-cadherin protein was significantly decreased (P<0.01),interstitial marker:the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin protein was significantly increased (P<0.01);④Twist mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion: Overexpression of Oct4B1 gene can induce epithelial mesenchymal transition in human colorectal cancer SW480 cells,its molecular mechanism may be related to the promotion of Twist expression.

Course assessment is the important part of teaching and education.Double effects of improving the teaching and education quality can be achieved through emphasizing assessment methods,separating teaching and testing,building test bank and network exam,offering course of basic clinical skills as well as verified assessment methods,such as stage-based comprehensive exam,unified exam of the course,national entrance exam.The first pass rate of national medical practitioner qualification exam can be guaranteed through implementing these measures.

0.05). CONCLUSION The PCNA labeling index may reflect the proliferating condition of NIP, but does not have relationship with NIP recurrence. And the role of p27 in the development of NIP needs more investigation.

Objective: To systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of using acupuncture-moxibustion therapy alone to treat adult overactive bladder (OAB) by taking oral Western medication solely as the control, and to provide evidence-based reference for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of OAB. Methods: A systemic search was conducted through China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP), China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM), PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE). RevMan 5.3 was used for meta-analysis. Statistical descriptions were made using standardized mean difference (SMD), confidence interval (CI), and risk ratio (RR). Results: Eight randomized controlled studies were finally recruited and were analyzed after being grouped according to intervention methods. Regarding urinary symptoms, compared with sole use of oral Western medication, acupuncture plus moxibustion can more effectively reduce 24 h urinary frequency [P=0.01, SMD=-0.57, 95％CI (-1.02, -0.12)], 24 h nocturia frequency [P=0.03, SMD=0.49, 95％CI (0.05, 0.94)], and OAB syndrome score (OABSS) [P<0.001, SMD=-3.67, 95％CI (-4.48, -2.86)]. Acupuncture combined with moxibustion and oral Western medication work equivalently in comparing 24 h urinary urgency frequency [P=0.38, SMD=-0.17, 95％CI (-0.57, 0.22)], 24 h urgent incontinence frequency [P=0.25, SMD=0.26, 95％CI (-0.18, 0.70)], and single voiding volume [P=0.22, SMD=1.15, 95％CI (-0.70, 3.00)]. There were no significant differences between acupuncture/electroacupuncture and oral medication in comparing 24 h urinary frequency [P=0.46, SMD=0.07, 95％CI (-0.12, 0.26)], 24 h urinary urgency frequency [P=0.18, SMD=0.70, 95％CI (-1.71, 0.32)], 24 h nocturia frequency [P=0.46, SMD=-0.71, 95％CI (-2.60, 1.17)], 24 h urgent incontinence frequency [P=0.08, SMD=-0.22, 95％CI (-0.48, 0.03)], single voiding volume [P=0.09, SMD=0.17, 95％CI (-0.02, 0.36)], or OABSS [P=0.96, SMD=-0.07, 95％CI (-2.65, 2.52)]. Compared with oral Western medication, moxibustion can more effectively reduce 24 h urinary frequency [P<0.001, SMD=-6.53, 95％CI (-7.65, -5.44)] and 24 h urinary urgency frequency [P<0.001, SMD=-1.6, 95％CI (-2.85, -0.36)]. In comparing the adverse reaction rate, acupuncture-moxibustion was associated with a lower rate compared with oral medication [P=0.002, RR=0.07, 95％CI (0.01, 0.37)], but the difference was statistically insignificant between acupuncture/electroacupuncture and oral medication [P=0.40, RR=0.57, 95％CI (0.16, 2.12)]. Conclusion: Acupuncture-moxibustion is equivalent to the sole use of oral Western medication in improving urinary symptoms in OAB patients and has a higher safety rating.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Myocarditis ; drug therapy ; virology ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; Virus Diseases ; drug therapy