ObjectiveTo study the causes and risk factors of childhood accidental injuries as a reference for prevention.MethodsA retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 4 116 cases of childhood accidents admitted to children's hospital of Fudan university from Jan 1,2005 to Aug 31,2009.ResultsThe 4 116 cases with accidental injuries were found to account for 4.35 ％ (4 116/94 579) of all inpatients during the same period.Ratio of male to female was 2.01∶ 1.The most common causes of injury were accidental falls (30.73％,1 265/4 116),traffic accidents (23.71％,976/4 116) and accidental drops (11.59％,477/4 116).Accidental falls were mainly seen in children over one year,traffic accidents mainly occurred in children aged four to seven,while the accidental drops were mainly seen in infants less than oneyear-old.The top three causes of accidental injury with highest mortality rate were airway foreign body,drowning and poisoning.Bone and joint injuries were mostly seen in accidental injury.ConclusionAccidental injury of children has been a serious threat to the lives of children and we should base on the characteristics of children to take preventive measures.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of clinical application of bronchofibroscope (BFS) in PICU. Methods Seventy-nine critically ill children in our PICU were operated with BFS in 89 cases and the etiology of these children was analyzed. The blood-gas analysis and oxygenation index both before and after the treatment had been compared, and syndrome was observed as well. For 40 cases in which critically ill children received bronchoalveolar lavage in addition to mechanical ventilation, and the index of respiratory mechanics was analyzed. Analysis and summary had been performed on the culture results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 74 cases. Results The primary disease in these cases was mainly respiratory diseases (64/79). There was no major change in oxygenation index and blood pH ( P ＞0. 05 ) before and after operation with BFS. No severe syndrome,such as sudden cardiac arrest and pneumothorax, was recorded. However,transient decrease in SpO2 was most frequently observed in minor syndromes (15/79). The children treated with mechanical ventilation were recorded with significant decrease in air way resistance ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) after bronchoalveolar lavage. However,dynamic compliance and work of breathing only changed slightly (P ＞0. 05 ). The culture positive rate of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 29. 1% (23/79) ,mainly gram-negative bacteria, which coincided with disease spectrum of PICU. Conclusion The application of BFS in PICU can improve salve and tracheobronchial management for critically ill children. The diagnosis and treatment is safe and reliable by strictly grasping the examination indication by BFS under the custody of PICU.

Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain(BET)Bromodomain has become a new target for the treatment of cancers and other human disorders. Nowadays,several classes of its potent and selective small-molecule inhibitors have been identified,many of which are in clinical trials. Preclinical and clinical data have shown that BET Bromodomain inhibitors have good prospects. Howev-er,there are potential therapeutic deficiencies,such as drug resistance. At present,attempts are being made to develop BET Bromodo-main inhibitors and degraders based on polypharmacology,combining BET Bromodomain with other targets of different mechanisms. In this paper,small-molecule kinase/BET inhibitors,small-molecule histone deacetylases(HDAC)/BET inhibitors and BET protein degraders are reviewed,which may provide guidance for further research on BET protein.

Objective To develop a portable aerosol sprayer .Methods With computer aided design(CAD)technology,a three-dimensional model of the aerosol sprayer was built , and the simulation analysis of nozzles was conducted using the computational fluid dynamics ( CFD) technology .Results A model of portable aerosol sprayers was designed .According to simulation analysis , the speed and pressure of aerosol in different locations were obtained and were proved to change with time, providing a theoretical basis for determination of working parameters and structural design parameters of the aerosol sprayer nozzle so that design efficiency and quality could be improved; time and cost could be reduced .Conclusion Through CAD technology,an effective method for rational design and structure optimization of the aerosol sprayer is esta -bished.Hydromechanic problems that used to be solved with physical analogue experiments can be resolved by means of CFD simulation analysis .

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; drug therapy ; virology

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for scientific and standardized management of temporary purchased drugs. METHODS:By using ABC analysis method,the data of non-antimicrobial temporary purchased drugs in a hospital in 2014 were analyzed statistically with ABC analysis in terms of quantity,the number of types and departments. Class A drugs were analyzed es-pecially. RESULTS:A total of 152 kinds of drugs were purchased temporarily,including 20 464 boxes,20 kinds of class A drugs, which accounted for 70.56%. Main types were antitumor drugs and nutraceuticals by pharmacology;26 departments temporarily purchased drug,mainly in tumor department and hematology department. CONCLUSIONS:The types of temporary purchased drugs meet the clinical demand in the hospital basically. The necessary type A drugs used frequently can be used as reference of tem-porary drug purchase;the temporary purchased drugs can be managed scientifically and normatively based on ABC analysis.

To develop a RP-HPLC method for the determination of catechin (C),epicatechin (EC),gallic acid (GA)and procyanidin B2 (PCB2 )in procyanidins and compare the contents of C,EC,GA and PCB2 in procyani-dins purchased from different manufacturers.A RP-HPLC method was developed and the determination was car-ried out on a Hypersil ODS2 column (4.0 mm ×200 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase consisted of methanol and 2% acetic acid with gradient elution and the detection wave-length was at 280 nm.There was a good linear rela-tionship between concentration and the peak area in the range of 0.1-50 μg/mL (r =0.998 6)for catechin,0.1-50 μg/mL (r =0.994 5)for epicatechin,0.05-50 μg/mL (r =0.999 9)for gallic acid and 0.1-50 μg/mL (r =0.992 2)for procyanidin B2 ,respectively.The average recoveries of catechin,epicatechin,gallic acid and PCB2 were 98.36%,98.21%,89.60% and 98.47%,respectively and the RSDs were 1.39%,0.84%,2.12% and 2.46%,respectively.The method is simple,accurate,reproducible and can be used for assay of C,EC,GA,PCB2 in procyanidins.There was a great difference in the content of four substance in procyanidins purchased from dif-ferent manufacturers.

Objective To investigate the effects of nicardipine on apoptosis in ischemia?reperfusion myocardium of rabbits. Methods Forty New Zealand rabbit were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group(group A),ischemia group(group B),ischemia?reperfusion group(group C),ni?cardipine treatment group(group D). Ischemia?reperfusion model was established by left circumflex branch coronary artery ligation for 40 min,fol?lowed by 120 min reperfusion. Apoptotic cardiomyocyte was detected using the analysis for the exposure of phosphatidyl?serine ( Annexin V)meth?od. Results Myocardial cell damage was lower in D group than that in group B and group C from pathology(P<0.01). The myocardial cell apopto?sis in group D is less than that of group B and group C(P<0.01),but higher than that of group A(P<0.05). Myocardial cell necrosis is lower than group B and group C(P<0.01),and no difference was found comparing with group A(P>0.05). Conclusion Nicardipine horizon can reduce the myocardial cell apoptosis in rabbits with myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury.

Objective To discuss the necessity and methods of combined reconstruction of the injured posterior cruciate ligament(PCL)and posterolateral complex(PLC)of the knee. Methods From January 2001 to December 2006,28 patients with injury of both PCL(≥Ⅱ°b)and PLC(＞Ⅱ°)of the knee were treated operatively in our department.Eight patients received arthroscopic PCL reconstruction with single bundle of 5-6 strands of hamstring and conservative treatment of PLC during January 2001 to December 2003.Twenty Datients received arthroscopic PCL reconstruction followed by open operative repair of PLC with median 1/3 femoral biceps tendon and gracilis during January 2002 to December 2006. Results All the patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months postoperatively (mean,15 months).By Lysholm scoring,3 cases obtained good results and 5 poor in the first group,while 19 excellent and 1 good in the second group.The mean Lysholm scores were 47.1±8.2 and 86.7±7.2 respectively(P＜0.05).According to IKDC scale,3 patients(37.5%)in the first group and 19 patients (95.0%)in the second group were graded normal or nearlv normal(t=19.277,P＜0.05). Conclusion Arthroseopic PCL reconstruction with single bundle of 5-6 strands of hamstring plus PLC reconstruction with 1/3 femoral biceps tendon and gracilis is more reliable to restore the stability of the knee than PCL reconstruction only.

Objective To study the effects of estrogen on the cultured osteoclasts in vitro. Methods The acid phosphatase (ACP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activities were measured kinetically and the introcellular hydrogen ions were calculated with the confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM). The area and number of the resorption pits were determined with the Leica Quantimet 500 system. Bone resorption pits were observed with scanning electronicmicroscope. Results With the estrogen concentration increased, the ACP and TRAP activities decreased from (1 69?0 13) U/L and (1 60?0 14) U/L to (1 16?0 31) U/L and (0 93?0 34) U/L, respectively (experiment group vs control group, P