BACKGROUND: Leptin is a kind of polypeptide hormone secreted by fatty tissue, previous studies have shown that leptin plays a certain role in the formation of atherosclerosis.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of leptin on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells, and investigate the possible mechanism from the angle of the change of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity.DESIGN: A controlled observational experiment.SETTING: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, and the Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology between April 2005 and February 2006.The cultured RAW264.7 cells were divided into leptin treated groups treated with different concentration (12.5, 25, 50, 100 μg/L), I kappa B kinase inhibitor group and blank control group. Each group had 3 sub-wells,and the experiments were repeated for 3 times.METHODS: Mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells were incubated into a 6-well plate at the density of 109 cells L-1, cultured in RPMI-1640 culture medium containing bovine serum of 0.1 in volume fraction. When the cells grew to 80%, serum-free culture medium Opti-MEM was changed to culture for another 24 hours, and then the cells were divided into leptin groups treated with different concentration (12.5, 25, 50, 100 μg/L), I kappa B kinase inhibitor group and blank control group. After the cells were incubated with leptin for 4 hours, the expression of TNF-α mRNA expression in RAW264.7 cells was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After the RAW264.7 cells were incubated with leptin for 1, 3, 6 and 9 hours, the expression of TNF-c protein expression was detected with double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After the RAW264.7 cells were incubated with leptin for different times, the activity of NF-κB was detected analyzed with electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Another, the RAW264.7 cells were treated with or without 50 μmol/L leptin and/or 100 μmol/L PS1145 (I kappa B kinase specific inhibitor)divided into four groups: blank control group, I kappa B kinase specific inhibitor PS1145 (10 μmol/L) treated group, leptin (50 μmol/L) treated group, leptin (50 μmol/L) + PS1145 (10 μmol/L) group. Aftere incubated for 6 hours, the activity of NF-κB and expression TNF-α mRNA were detected respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Effect of leptin of different concentration on the expression of TNF-α mRNA and protein in RAW264.7cells; ② Effect of leptin of different concentration on the activity of NF-κB in RAW264.7 cells; ③ Influence of inhibition I kappa B kinase activity inhibition on expression of TNF-a induced by leptin in RAW264.7cells.RESULTS: ① After the RAW264.7 cells were treated with leptin of different concentration, the TNF-α mRNA level was elevated in a dose-dependent manner, and it reached the peak value emerged in the 50 μg/L leptin treated group. ② The expression of TNF-α protein increased in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners, and it reached the peak val ue at 6 hours in the 50 μg/L leptin treated group. ③ The activity of NF-κB was also positively correlated with the leptin concentration, and it was the highest value at 6 hours treated with 50 μg/L leptin (P ＜ 0.05). ④ I kappa B kinase activity inhibition only partially suppressed the leptin induced elevation of TNF-α expression induced by leptin.CONCLUSION: Leptin can increase the expression and secretion of TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells directly in both dose-dependent and time-dependent manners, and the mechanism may be correlated with the activated NF-κB induced by leptin. It may be one of the mechanisms of atherosclerosis induced by leptin.

After the monoclonal antibody drug come out,it has played an important role in the clinical treatment,especially in tumor therapy.With the further understanding of monoclonal antibody,it has been applicated in the food, transgenic animal and plants,plant virology aspect. However,rare research of natural medicine have been reported in China.The monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, which is sensitivity,accuracy,fastness and simpler,can be used in quantitative analysis of bioactive compound in the natural products. It also can be used in isolation and purify effective component of the natural medicine, the pharmacokintic study,the quanlity control, screening candidacate drug and expanding the resources of medicinal plant It is important to exploit and utilizate the natural medicine,and promote the progess of modern chinese medicine.

BACKGROUND: Animal experiments showed that recruitment maneuver (RM) and protective ventilation strategy of the lung could improve oxygenation and reduce extravascular lung water. This study was to investigate the effects of RM on respiratory mechanics and extravascular lung water index ( EVLWI) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: Thirty patients with ARDS were randomized into a RM group and a non-RM group. In the RM group, after basic mechanical ventilation stabilized for 30 minutes, RM was performed and repeated once every 12 hours for 3 days. In the non-RM group, lung protective strategy was conducted without RM. Oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), Plateau pressure (Pplat), static pulmonary compliance (Cst) and EVLWI of patients before treatment and at 12, 24, 48, 72 hours after the treatment were measured and compared between the groups. Hemodynamic changes were observed before and after RM. One-way ANOVA, Student's t test and Fisher's exact test were used to process the data. RESULTS: The levels of PaO2/FiO2 and Cst increased after treatment in the two groups, but they were higher in the RM group than in the non-RM group (P<0.05). The PIP and Pplat decreased after treatment in the two groups, but they were lower in the RM group than in the non-RM group (P<0.05). The EVLWI in the two groups showed downward trend after treatment (P<0.05), and the differences were signifcant at all time points (P<0.01); the EVLWI in the RM group was lower than that in the non-RM group at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with pre-RM, hemodynamics changes during RM were significantly different (P<0.01); compared with pre-RM, the changes were not significantly different at 120 seconds after the end of RM (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: RM could reduce EVLWI, increase oxygenation and lung compliance. The effect of RM on hemodynamics was transient.

K21. The mean t1/2(?) was (2.7?0.4) h, Vd was about 11.18 L?kg-1.The C-T profile conformed to two compartment open model. The plasma Dau concentration-time curves showed a double-peak phenomenon in all dosages of all dogswhen dauricine was given by intragastric was.The tpeak(1) was (0.8?0.6) ～(1.2?0.5) h,tpeak(2) was (5.2?3.2) ～(6.5?1.9)h,Cmax(2) 0.05) and the AUC was increased in proportion.The drug is eliminated non-linearly when the dosage is above 50 mg?kg-1, the parameters t1/2(el),CL, AUC/X0 shows great difference (P

Aim The relative bioavailability of domestic ibudilast sustained release capsules in healthy volunteers was observed.Methods A single oral dose of 20 mg of imported and domestic ibudilast sustained release capsules and 10 mg of ibudilast raw material was separately given to 12 healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover study. Ibudilast concentration in plasma was determined by HPLC method.Results The Cmax were (54.9?9.7),(60.7?9.1) and (62.2?11.5) ?g?L-1; the tmax were (3.8?0.8),(3.9?0.8) and (1.8?0.3) h;the t1/2(ke) were (1.5?1.4),(12.1?1.0) and (3.5?0.5) h,and the AUC(0～t) were (618.1?57.7),(588.1?66.6) and (233.0?46.4) ?g?h?L-1 in imported capsule group, domestic capsule group and raw material group respectively. The relative bioavailability of domestic sustained release capsules of ibudilast is (95.6?11.0)%. Conclusion The results of statistical analysis demonstrate that the imported and domestic sustained capsules have significant character of significantly sustained release and are bioequivalent.

Objective To investigate the optimal time for capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) .Methods Data of 76 patients with OGIB underwent capsule endoscopy from January 2013 to December 2014 were retro‐spectively analyzed .They were classified into two groups :emergency capsule endoscopy and non‐emergency capsule endoscopy .The demographic and clinical features and outcomes of capsule endoscopy ,complications and the times of hospital stays and hospitaliza‐tion expenses were compared .Results The overall diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy was 48 lesions(63 .15% ) .The overall di‐agnostic yield of emergency capsule endoscopy group was 73 .68% (28/38) ,which was significantly higher than that in non‐emer‐gency capsule endoscopy group(52 .63% ,20/38) ,with statistical difference (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Emergency capsule endoscopy have a higher rate of detection ,patients with OGIB should receive capsule endoscopy as soon as possible .

Objective To evaluate and analyze the clinical effect of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using suture-bridge technique for full-thickness rotator cuff tears.Methods Forty-one patients (20 males,21 females; mean age 52.2 years) with full-thickness rotator cuff tears were treated with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using suture-bridge technique between June 2010 and January 2012 in our hospital.After arthroscopic rotator cuff repair,the patients were randomly assigned to a treatment group (21 patients) or a control group (20 patients).The treatment group received systematic rehabilitation therapy including rehabilitation education,physical modalities treatment and rehabilitative training additionally,while the control group only accepted the routine rehabilitation therapy including stretching and muscle strength training.The outcome was evaluated at 6 months after surgery,by employing visual analogae scale (VAS),the range of motion (ROM) testing of shoulder joint flexion and rotation,the rating scale of University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA),and the shoulder index of American shoulder and elbow surgeons (ASES).Results The mean follow-up period was 15.6 months (8-24 months).Prior to intervention,there was no significant difference in any parameter between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Six months later,all scores of assessments changed:in treatment group VAS (1.7 ± 1.5),ROM [flexion (168.3±31.3)°,rotation (47.2±11.2)°],UCLA(30.7 ±4.13) and ASES (85.1 ±15.67); in control group VAS(3.8±2.2),ROM[flexion (121.2 ±53.6)°,rotation (32.9 ±14.9)°],UCLA(18.3 ±4.94) and ASES (36.4 ± 17.70).Significant changes occurred in both groups in all the parameters after treatment when compare to baseline (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Comprehensive rehabilitation therapy is an effective approach for improving motor ability of the shoulder in patients after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with suture-bridge technique for their full-thickness rotator cuff tears.

Objective To observe the glucose utilization in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle during catch-up growth, and to explore the mechanism of catch-up growth of adipose tissue. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divide into normal control group(NC)and catch-up group(RN). Rats in RN group received 50%of food consumed by NC group for 4 weeks, then were re-fed spontaneously as the rats in NC group. In the end of the fifth week(NC1 group and RN1 group)and the sixth week(NC2 group and RN2 group), the experiment was performed. [3]-2-deoxy-glucose was used for detecting the glucose uptake rate. RT-PCR and Western-blot were used for detecting the levels of mRNA and membrane protein of glucose transporter-4(Glut4). Results The glucose uptake rates in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of RN1 group increased by 189.6%(P<0.01)and reduced by 36.5%(P<0.05)respectively, as compared with NC1 group. After 2 weeks of catch-up growth, the glucose uptake rates in adipose tissue of RN2 group increased by 157.3%(P<0.01)and decreased by 41.5%(P<0.05) in skeletal muscle as compared with NC2 group. However. no significant difference in Glut4 mRNA levels in muscle or in adipose tissue between NC and RN groups were found. The membrane protein of GIut4 after insulin-stimulating in RN1 group and RN2 group reduced by about 46.5%(P<0.01)and 32.1%(P<0.05)in muscle and increased by 116.5%(P<0.01)and 89.9%(P<0.01)in adipose tissue respectively. Conclusion There exists the redistribution of glucose from skeletal muscle to adipose tissue during the early stage of catch-up growth, which results in the catch-up growth of adipose tissue. This change is induced by the tissue-specific alteration of insulin-stimulated Glut4 protein translocation.

Objective To establish the methodology of flow cytometry for detecting human cells in human/goat chimerisra.Methods Human hemopoietic stem/progenitor cells (CD+34 cells) or MIG-tranadueed-GFP CD+34 cells were transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of fetal goats in utero to obtain human/goat chimera modeL The peripheral blood cells from the chimeras were labeled with multiple mouse anti-human antibodies and the monoelonal antibodies that were specific for human but had not or only minimal cross-reaction with goat were screened as the primary antibodies for routine analysis in flow cytometry.Human cord blood was proportionally (25% ,50% ,75%,100%) added into the blood of the untransplanted goats and the cells were labeled with CD+34 monoclonal antibody.The region and size of the "gate" were chosen based on to the distribution of CD+34 cells or human cord blood.One human/goat chimera marked with GFP (MIG goat) was sacrificed and the substantial liver cells from its perfused liver were analyzed for the GFP+cells percentage and DNA contents by flow cytometry.Results CD7,CD15,CD38,CD45CD20CD34CD14and GPA monoclonal antibodies were chosen as the primary antibodies in rou tine detection by flow cytometry.The size and area of the "gate" were also defined.29.1% (29100/100 000 ) of the substantial liver cells from the MIG goat expressed GFP.DNA content analysis showed that the GFP+ cells obtained from the liver of MIG goat mainly manifested two peaks that were correspond to those of human.Conclusions Flow cytometry is rapid,simple and effective for the investigation of differentiation,homing and biological characteristics of stem cells in vivo.The selections of suitable surface antibodies and the "gate" are very important for detecting human cells accurately in the human/goat chimerism.

Objective To study the expression of tumor type M2 pyruvate kinase(tumor M2-PK) in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their correlation with treatment response and prognosis.Methods The concentration of tumor M2-PK in plasma was detected by ELISA in 106 healthy controls and 83 NSCLC patients.The patients were followed for 24 months.Results The patients after surgical operation showed marked reduction in plasma tumor M2-PK level(13.5 U/ml vs 25.4 U/ml,P