AIM: To investigate the effect of compound rhubarb preparation (Kintop) in preventing obesity in rats and its probable mechanism involved. METHODS: Twenty-six newborn SD rats were randomly grouped as rhubarb preparation plus high-energy forage group( n= 8), high-energy forage control group( n= 8) and ordinary forage control group( n= 10). The rats in rhubarb preparation plus high-energy forage group and high-energy forage control group were fed with high-energy forage and those in ordinary forage control group were fed with ordinary forage. The rats in rhubarb preparation plus high-energy forage group were administered by compound rhubarb preparation (40 mg?100 g -1 body weight?d -1 ) from 9th to 17th week. The dynamic changes in body weight, celiac fat weight and adipocytes size were measured. Immunohistochemical analysis of leptin in celiac adipocytes (ABC method) and measurement of serum leptin level (RID method) were performed. RESULTS: The body weight and the wet weights of celiac fat were lower, their adipocytes were smaller and immunohistochemical stainings of leptin were weaker in rhubarb preparation plus high-energy forage group than those in high-energy forage control group. There was an obvious positive correlation between the expression of leptin and celiac fat tissue weight( r= 0.8663, P

In this paper, the chloroplast psbK-psbI intergenic spacers of 18 species of Dendrobium and their adulterants were amplified and sequenced, and then the sequence characteristics were analyzed. The sequence lengths of chloroplast psbK-psbI regions of Dendrobium ranged from 474 to 513 bp and the GC contents were 25.4%-27.6%. The variable sites were 71 while the informative sites were 46. The inter-specific genetic distances calculated by Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) of Dendrobium were 0.006 1-0.058 1, with an average of 0.028 4. The K2P genetic distances between Dendrobium species and Bulbophyllum odoratissimum were 0.093 2-0.120 4. The NJ tree showed that the Dendrobium species can be easily differentiated from each other and 6 samples of the inspected Dendrobium species were identified successfully through sequencing the psbK-psbI intergenic spacer. Therefore, the chloroplast psbK-psbI intergenic spacer can be used as a candidate marker to identify Dendrobium species and its adulterants.
Chloroplasts ; DNA, Chloroplast ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Dendrobium ; classification ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics

Objectives To analyze the incidence of cranial nerve injury in patients after receiving carotid endarterectomy ( CEA) in a single-center and to investigate its correlation with surgical experiences. Methods The clinical data of patients underwent CEA at Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from January. 2001 to December 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Cranial nerve injury was assessed at day 7 after procedure according to the clinical symptoms,and they were followed up at 1,3,6, and 12 months. The incidence of permanent cranial nerve injury was evaluated. The incidences of permanent cranial nerve injury were further analyzed at two time periods ( from January 2001 to September 2011 and from October 2011 to December 2013 ) . Results ( 1 ) A total of 598 consecutive patients treated with CEA were enrolled,and 15 (2. 5%) of them had cranial nerve injury,including 2 (0. 3%) facial nerve injury,7 (1. 2%) hypoglossal nerve injury,and 6 (1. 0%) vagus nerve injury. Only 1 case (0. 2%) did not recover completely at 6 months after procedure. ( 2 ) The patients with cranial nerve injury were 10 (3. 2%,10/308) and 5 (1. 7%,5/290) respectively from January 2001 to September 2011 and from October 2011 to December 2013). There was no significant difference (P < 0. 05). Conclusion The incidence of cranial nerve injury was low after CEA,and most patients could recover completely. The increased surgical experiences did not show the reduction of cranial nerve injury rate evidently after CEA.

Quinolones are broad-spectrum antibacterial agents used in human and veterinary medicine, and their extensive use have been associated with a rise of the quinolone resistance. In the present study, the quinolone resistance of avian E.coli and Salmonella isolates was evaluated and compared, in which 344 avian E.coli and 224 Salmonella isolates from 1990s were serogrouped with antisera and thc antimicrobial susceptibility test to 10 quinolones was carried out by using the Kirby-Bauer method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). It was demonstrated that the 344 isolates of avian E.coli distributed in 27 serogroups and 68.90% (237/344) of the isolates belonged to four O-serogroups: i.e. O1, O2, O18, O78, and the 224 isolates of avian Salmonella were all determined to be Salmonella pullorum. The drug-resistance rate of avian E. coli isolates to nalicixic acid from 1993-1999 was more than 60%(64.43%,131/181), whereas those of isolates to 9 antibiotics from 2000-2008 had a drug-resistance rates of more than 60%, namely,nalicixic acid(92.02%), fleroxacin(79.75%), pipemidic acid(79.14%), enrofloxacin(78.53%), enoxacin(76.07%), lomenfloxacin(74.85%), ciprofloxacin(69.33%), norfloxacin(63.80%) and ofloxacin(61.35%). For the 4 O-serogroups of the avian E.coli isolates, the drug-resistance rates of more than 50% to antimicrobials were as follows: O78 isolates to 7 antimicrobials;O18 isolates to 5 antimicrobials, and O1 and O2 isolates just to 3 antimicrobials. The quinolone resistance of Salmonella isolates was much lower than E.coli, in which 101 salmonella isolates from 1993-1999 were all susceptible to quinolones. Nalicixic acid resistance of salmonella isolate firstly appeared in 2000, and the drug-resistance rate of salmonella isolates from 2000-2008 was found to be more than 60% for nalicixic acid(83.74%), but those to other quinolones were comparatively lower. These results indicated that the quinolone resistance of avian E.coli and salmonella were increasing in the past two decads because of the over-use of antibiotics.

Objective To discuss bilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) or percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) using inside and outside intravertebral vacuum cleft (IVC) respectively with bone cement injection for the treatment of Kümmell disease.Methods From January 2008 to October 2015,16 cases of Kümmell disease patients were treated with bilateral PVP or PKP with inside and outside IVC perfusion of bone cement respectively.Of 16 cases,6 were male and 10 were female,aged from 63 to 94 years,with a disease duration from 2 to 15 months.The bone mineral density of every patient was measured by dual-energy X-rayabsorptiometry.The T value ranged from-4.3 to-2.6.Fractures located from T10 to L4,including 2 cases of multiple fractures.Postoperative X-ray was used to observe the vertebral bone cement leakage and anterior height changes of affected vertebrae.Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used to evaluate pain status and functional activity.Results All cases were followed up for 12-96 months.Cement leakage occurred in 4 patients without nerve complications.The anterior height of affected vertebrae before operation,2 d after operation and at the last follow-up was (50.3 ± 8.3)％,(67.1 ± 8.1)％ and (65.2 ± 6.4)％.The anterior height of affected vertebrae 2 d after operation and at the last follow-up were significantly improved compared with those before operation (P ＜ 0.05),but there were no significant differences between 2 d after operation and at the last follow-up (P ＞ 0.05).The scores of VAS before operation,2 d after operation and at the last followup was (8.63-± 1.23),(2.56 ± 3.48) and (1.38 ± 0.92) scores,and the scores of ODI was (82.1 ± 6.7)％,(28.5 ± 7.3)％ and (22.1 ± 8.2)％.The scores of VAS and ODI 2 d after operation and at the last follow-up were significantly decreased compared with those before operation (P ＜ 0.05),but there were no significant difference between 2 d after operation and at the last follow-up (P ＞ 0.05).There was no postoperative in situ or adjacent vertebral fracture.Conclusions Using internal and external IVC bone cement injection for treatment of Kümmell disease has a good clinical curative effect.It can effectively relieve back pain symptoms,reduce intraoperative and postoperative bone cement leakage and recurrent adjacent or in situ vertebral fracture.

From August 2011 to March 2012,5 241 type 2 diabetic patients with body mass index ≥ 24kg/m2 were enrolled from 60 hospitals in Guangdong Province.According to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),a total of 2 631 subjects with norml urine microalbumin level (＜30 ng/L) were divided into normal eGRF group and decreased eGRF group.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between eGFR and its related risk factors.The results showed that age,blood uric acid,blood urea nitrogen,history of hypertension and coronary heart disease,family history of diabetes,and hyperuricemia were positively related to lowering of eGFR (P＜ 0.05 or P＜0.01).HbA1C＜7％,regular glucose monitoring,and regular physical activity were negatively related to eGFR decrease (all P＜ 0.01).These results suggest that urine microalbumin and eGFR should be applied to overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes in order to screen diabetic nephropathy.Furthermore,intensive control of blood glucose,uric acid,and blood pressure is beneficial to lowering the risk of diabetic nephropathy.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the fungal composition in Massa Medicata Fermentata based on culture dependent method and independent PCR-SSCP technique.

METHODFungi were directly isolated from Massa Medicata Fermentata samples. The obtained strains were identified according to morphology and DNA sequence. Meanwhile the total fungal DNA was extracted from Massa Medicata Fermentata samples, the cultural independent PCR-SSCP technique based on β-tubulin gene were used to identify the mycobiota.

RESULTAccording to cultural method, Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus oryzae were present in Massa Medicata Fermentata samples, while A. flavus and A. niger were present in fried Massa Medicata Fermentata samples. In contrast, 5 species were obtained by PCR-SSCP technique, A. flavus was overlapped with fungal taxa derived from culture dependent method; A. ambiguu and A. s ivoriensis were dominant with relative abundance of 57% and 35% respectively, while the relative abundance of A. flavus was as low as 4%. None species was obtained from fried Massa Medicata Fermentata samples.

CONCLUSIONPCR-SSCP based on β-tubulin gene could distinguish fungi into species, culture dependent method combined with culture independent method could better understand the fungal composition associated with Massa Medicata Fermentata fermentation.

Objective To analysis the clinical high risk factors for fetal chromosomal abnormalities.Methods Amniocentesis,chromosomal karyotype analysis and other related methods were performed on 4829 pregnant women,who presented sole indication of prenatal diagnosis such as advanced age,high risk factors and fetal ultrasound abnormalities,for analyzing the correlations of those women to the incidence of fetal chromosomal abnormalities.Results The detection rates of abnormal karyotype were 5.0％ (57/1143),1.7％ (40/2367) and 4.3％ (57/1319) in the older women group (age＞35),abnormal maternal serological screening group and abnormal fetal ultrasound finding group,respectively.The detection rats of karyotype abnormality were 6.9％ (23/333) in women with fetal congenital heart diseases,8.5％ (20/234) in those with abnormal amniotic fluid,1.1％ (1/89) in those with fetal ventriculomegaly,1.1％ (10/898) in those with fetal intracardiac hyperechogenicity,5.9％ (2/34) in those with fetal choroid cyst and 5.6％ (1/18) in those with fetal renal pelvis broadening.Conclusion The pregnant women with age＞35,fetal sonographic structural anomalies or two or more soft marker abnormalities should be prenatally diagnosed and doing the genetic counseling combined with the family history.

Purpose To characterize the middle cerebral artery atherosclerotic plaque and investigate its relationship with infarction patterns by using 3.0T high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI).Materials and Methods Forty-nine patients with intracranial atherosclerosis underwent HRMRI.The characteristics of the plaques of middle cerebral artery were investigated,including morphology,distribution and enhancement.Patients were categorized as two groups (strong/mild and none) according to the strength of plaque enhancement,then clinical data were compared between the two groups and the risk factors were investigated.Acute infarction was classified as three subtypes (single/multiple perforating artery occlusion/arterial embolism) basedon diffusion weighted imaging,and the plaque characteristics of each subtype were investigated.Results Sixty-five plaques were identified in middle cerebral artery of 49 patients,62 plaques (95.4％) were eccentric,31 plaques (50.0％) were located at the ventral wall.Patients with low levels of high-density lipoprotein were significantly more prevalent in strong enhancement group (56.7％ vs.26.3％,P＜0.05).The percentage of strong enhancement plaque in arterial embolism group (88.9％) was significantly higher than non-arterial embolism group (36.4％) (P＜0.05).Conclusion Middle cerebral artery plaque distribution is correlated with ischemic stroke,strong enhancement plaque is associated with its vulnerability.HRMRI can provide information to predict the ischemic event and infarction pattern.

Objective To study the value of magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging in assessing the atherosclerotic plaque burden of rabbit model.Methods We built up abdominal atherosclerotic animal model in 30 New Zealand rabbits by high lipid diet combined with abdominal artery denudation.The animals were divided into 3 groups randomly,which were the 1-week group,1-month group and 2-months group.The MRI and histology examination were carried out at relative time points.The correlations of area or thickness of vessel wall by MRI with histology examination were analyzed.Results Among the 30 rabbits,3 died due to anesthesia or surgery,one rabbit model failed because of the thin vessel,and another 3 died of diarrhea or inflammation during the high lipid diet feeding.Eventually,totally 23 rabbits fulfilled the examinations (7 in 1-week group,7 in 1-month group and 9 in 2-months group).The vessel wall area of histology examination grew larger along with the post-surgery duration,from 1.7663 mm2of 1-week group to 2.4371 mm2 of the 1-month group till 3.5978 mm2 of 2-months group,with statistic significant difference among 3 groups (F=5.052,P=0.017).There were strong correlations of area or thickness vessel wall resulted from MRI with histology examination(r=0.688,0.642;P=0.001,0.002).Conclusions High resolution MR vessel wall imaging technique may evaluate and follow up the plaque burden in the early stage of atherosclerosis.