Modern fully automatic biochemical analyzer makes enzyme measurement accurate, specific and practical, but alarm failure happens sometimes and thus determinate error appears. To find out the inducement to alarm failure, Olympus AU2700 and ADVIA 1650 fully automatic biochemical analyzer are used to measure the serum liver enzyme from 450 cases of post-liver-transplantation patients.

Yaoyangguan ( GV 3 ), Shiqizhui ( Ex-B 8) and Yanglingquan (GB 34) were selected as main points and a three-part needle insertion technique was used to treat 32 cases of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion. The curative rate was 96.9%. Deep puncture is the key to the treatment.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can effectively suppress thehuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication andsignificantly reduce morbidity and mortality of HIV-infectedpatients,which howevercan't completely remove the virus,and eventually progressinto chronic viral-infection disease.Chronic HIVinfection destroys host immune system,leading to intestinal barrier damage,intestinal mucosal dysfunction,microbial translocation,and further accelerates the disease progress.The reconstruction of intestinalmicroflora balance and improvement of intestinal mucosa function areessential to reestablish the host immune system.This paper will review the current research advanceson intestinal barrier damage of HIV infection and gut-target therapy of AIDS.The aim is to provide valid evidences for further research targeting improvement of treatment strategiesandreduction of morbidity and mortality in HIV infection.

Objective To explore the expressions of histamine receptor subtypes (H1, H2, H3, H4 receptor) in children's mid-urethral striated muscles and during mouse C2C12 striated myogenesis.Methods Children's mid-urethral striated muscle samples were paraffin embedded and tissue sections were made, then immunohistochemical staining was used to check H1, H2, H3, H4 receptors.C2C12 myogenesis was induced, the early differentiation early markers of desmin, middle marker of myogenin, late marker of myosin heavy chain and histamine 4 receptor subtype mRNA were checked by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Immunofluorescence staining was done to check 3 differentiation markers and histamine H3 receptor protein.Results During myogenesis, the expression of desmin mRNA in the differentiation of 2,4,6 days were 12,68,60 times as many as that of the undifferentiated myoblasts;the expression of myogenin mRNA in the differentiation of 2,4,6 days were 631,1 408,914 times as many as that of the undifferentiated myoblasts;the expression of myosin heavy chain mRNA in the differentiation of 2,4,6 days were 7 718,9 448,286 288 times as many as that of the undifferentiated myoblasts.The expression level of H1 receptor mRNA in the differentiation of 6 days was about 25％ to undifferentiated cells;the expression of H2 receptor mRNA in undifferentiated cells and differentiated cells groups had no significant difference (F =1.47, P ＞ 0.05);the expression of H3 receptor mRNA in the differentiation of 2,4,6 days was 28,103,198 times to undifferentiated cells;H4 receptor mRNA was not detected.In immunofluorescence staining, H3 receptor protein staining intensity increased with the differentiation.Immunohistochemistry of pediatric urethral striated staining indicated that H1, H2, H3 receptor staining was positive,H1 receptor showed strong positive staining, H3 receptor moderate positive staining,and H2 receptor showed weak positive staining.Conclusions Histamine receptor subtypes of H1 receptor, H2 receptor and H3 receptor were found during mouse striated myogenesis and in the children's mid-urethral striated muscles.The increasing expression of H3R with myogenesis might indicate it plays a role in mature striated muscle cells.

Objective To investigate the number and activity changes of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs) in hemodialysis patients,and explore its correlation with the risk factors of coronary heart disease.Methords Total mononuclear ceils(MNCs) were isolated from peripheral blood of patients with chronic renal failure in long-term hemodialysis and from a normal control group by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation and then were plated on humanfibronectin-coated dishes.Mter 7 days of culture,EPCs were characterized as adherent cells by double staining with FITC-UEA-I and DI-LDL,and were further identified by the expression of CD34,CD133 and KDR with flow cytometry.EPCs migration was determined with modified Boyden chamber assay.EPCs adhesive assay was performed by replanting EPCs on humanfibronectin-coated plates and then counting the adherent cells.The relationship of the EPCs' number and activity with Framingham Risk Score of ten years was also be assessed.Results Number of EPCs and the migratory & adhesive capacity were significantly lower in patients than in the control(P

Objective To investigate the value of SPECT imaging in the evaluation of rCBF improvement after bypass surgery in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD).Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted in 13 patients with MMD (5 children aged 3-8 years and 8 adults aged 45-55 years).The SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging data before and after operation were analyzed.Age matched subjects who underwent cerebral perfusion imaging for accidental headache (10 children,10 adults) were taken as control group.Two-sample t test or paired t test was used to compare rCBF of different groups.The brain DSA and MRI results during follow-up were taken as the reference of perfusion improvement.Results Based on visual judgment of SPECT,11/13 in MMD group showed significant improvement in the blood perfusion reduction area after surgery.The coincidence rates of SPECT-DSA and SPECT-MRI was 8/11 and 9/11,respectively.The rCBF of the control group and MMD group before surgery was (51.19±1.63) ml · 100 g-1 · min-1 and (38.83±2.22) ml · 100 g-1 · min-1 respectively (t=-18.465,P＜0.05).The rCBF of MMD group before and after surgery was significantly different ((38.83±2.22) ml · 100 g-1 · min-1 vs (45.03±2.63) ml · 100 g-1 · min-1,t=-11.707,P＜0.05).The rCBF of MMD group after surgery and the control group was significantly different (t =-8.313,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference of rCBF between the children and adults in the control group ((51.81±1.82) ml · 100 g-1 · min-1 vs (50.55±1.18) ml · 100 g-1 · min-1 ;t=0.081,P＞0.05).Conclusions Brain perfusion SPECT may effectively reflect the regional distribution and changes of blood flow in the ischemic tissue before and after MMD surgery.Thus it may be helpful in evaluation of the effect of surgical treatment.

BACKGROUND: The development of tissue engineering has provided a possibility for repairing and reconstructing tissues or organs. However, studies on biomedical tissue-engineered and polymer tissue-engineered materials need to be investigated. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the content of tissue engineering and the application of polymer material in tissue engineering from the point of biocompatibility. RETRIEVAL STRATEGY: Using the terms "tissue engineering, tissue engineering materials, Polymers materials, bio-compatibility, bio-compatibility materials, cell-compatibility, cell-compatibility materials", we retrieved PubMed database to identify studies published between January 1990 and December 2007 in the English language. At the same time, we searched Wanfang database with the same terms in the Chinese language. After primarily selected, 81literatures were kept. Inclusive criteria: studies, whose contents are related to biocompatibility of tissue-engineered materials. Exclusive criteria: repetitive studies or Meta analysis. Thirty literatures corresponded to the inclusive criteria, and fifty-one were rejected due to obsolete or repetitive contents. Among the 30 included literatures, 19 were about biocompatibility, and the remaining 11 about cellular compatibility materials. LITERATURE EVALUATION: The included studies were mainly from Pubmed database and Wanfang database. A total of 25 treatises and 5 reviews were kept. DATA SYNTHESIS: The content of tissue engineering consisted of seeded cell inoculation, biomaterial implanting and cell transplantation. Allogenic, autogenous, and xenogenous tissues were in vitro broken into cells, and then reconstructed through inoculation and proliferation by gene reconstruction technique. Much attention should be focused on how to reconstruct tissue-engineered materials with materials and living cells, I.e. To reconstruct active materials with biological functions. Tissue-engineered materials should have the best interface reaction effect between material surface and cells. Therefore, the core of studying tissue-engineered materials is to design a device, which has chemical molecular level and three-dimensional molecular level cell/material mixed surface, and also has a three-dimensional molecular level appearance corresponding to biomechanical requirement. Polymer materials have good physical mechanical functions, and their molecular structures are closer to living body. Therefore, polymer materials are widely used as biomaterials and exert an important role in the field of tissue engineering. CONCLUSION:To study biomaterials with good tissue compatibility is the basis for tissue engineering development. Polymer materials are widely used in the tissue engineering due to their good property and molecular structure closer to living body.

BACKGROUND:To clarify the effects of topology of tissue engineering material surface on cell compatibility from random roughness.porosity,groove/ridge, fiber,texture and protein tracks 6 aspects. STUDY SOURCES: Using the terms"biocompatibility,biocompatibility materials,tissue engineering,tissue engineering materials.cell-compatibility and cell-compatibility materials",we searched the PUBMED database to identify studies published in the English language from January 1987 to January 2007. STUDY SELECTION:The data were selected primarily.The quotations in each paper ware looked for.Inclusive criteria: The contents stated in papers were related with biocompatibility of tissue engineering material. Exclusive criteria: repetitive study or Meta analysis papers.DATA EXTRACTION:Totally 74 related papers were collected.Thirty-two met inclusive criteria,among which,24 related with biocompatibility and 8 related with cell-compatibility materials.The other 42 papers were excluded due to obsolete or repetitive contents. DATA SYNTHESIS:①The interaction of tissue engineering material and living body:Various Interactions producing when high polymer tissue engineering material contacts with tissue of living body are reviewed. It js pointed out that the interaction of material and living body depends on the biocompatibility degree of material;The influences of materials on histocompatibility include microscopic molecular level and macroscopic scale level,moreover,the effect of macroscopic scale level (include the topology of material surface) is more important than chemical effect of microscopic molecular level.②Effects of physical and chemical properties on cell-compatibility of materials:The effects of topology of surface of random roughness,porosity,groove/ridge,fiber, texture and protein tracks 6 kinds of materials on cell-compatibility are reviewed. It is also pointed out that the influences are very important in studying the biocompatibility of tissue engineering material and designing tissue compatibility materials.CONCLUSION:Topology of material surface has great influences on cell-compatibility of material.The interaction of cells and polymer is an index to evaluate cell-compatibility of material.Short-term interaction degree of cell and polymeric material can be assessed by detecting the adhesion degree of cells and polymeric material surface,while long-term interaction by detecting the growth of cells cultured in vitro or polymeric material implanted in vivo.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the influence of physical and chemical properties of tissue engineered material surface on the cell compatibility, involving the surface energy, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, chemical structure and active factors loaded on the material surface, point out that the physical and chemical properties of material surface have great influence on the cell compatibility of the material, i.e., explain the cell compatibility of tissue engineered materials.DATA SOURCES: An online search of Pubmed database was undertaken to identify relevant articles published in English from December 1997 to December 2006 using the keywords of "bio-compatibility, bio-compatibility materials, tissue engineering, tissue engineering materials, cell-compatibility". Meanwhile, Chinese relevant articles published from December 1997 to December 2006 were searched in Wanfang database with the same keywords in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: The data were primarily checked. Inclusive criteria: articles about tissue-engineered materials of biocompatibility. The repetitive studies or Meta analysis were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 71 relevant literatures were collected, 33 of which were accorded with the inclusive criteria, and the 38 repetitive ones or with old contents were excluded. Of the 33 involved literatures, 22 dealt with biocompatibility, and 11 with the cell-material compatibility.DATA SYNTHESIS: ① Interaction of tissue-engineered materials with organism: The various interactions of tissue-engineered polymer materials with organism are summarized. It is pointed out that the interactions of materials with organism decide the degree of material-tissue compatibility. The effects of material on the tissue compatibility result from the micromolecular and macroscopic levels, and the chemical effect of the macroscopic level is more important than that of the micromolecular one. ② Influence of the physicochemical properties of the material surface on the cell-material com coatibility:The influences on the cell-material compatibility by the chemical nature and structure, composition, energy, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, charges and active factorsloaded on the surface are summarized. The obtained information is the important contents for understanding the biocompatibility of the tissue engineered materials and designing biocompatible materials. CONCLUSION: The physical and chemical properties of the material surface greatly affect the cell-material compatibility. The interaction of cells with the polymer matrix is an index to evaluate the cell compatibility. The degree of the short-term interaction of cells with polymer materials can be evaluated by the degree of adhesion on the surface of the polymer materials, while the long-term interaction can be evaluated by detecting the growth of cells cultured in vitro or implanting the polymer material.

OBJECTIVE: Based on the mechanism of cellular adhesive growth and the developing course of cell compatibility materials, the cytological effects of tissue engineering materials of various polymers and surface topographies are reviewed. And presume theoretically that the materials of porous structure are better than smooth materials in surface, and biodegradation materials can explain the biocompatibility.DATA SOURCES: An online search was conducted in PUBMEDdatabase to identify the related articles published from December 1997 to December 2003 with the key words of "tissue engineering, tissue engineering materials, cell-compatibility, cell compatibility materials, procession anchorage", and the language was limited to English. Meanwhile, the related Chinese articles were retrieved in Wanfang database published at the same period by inputting the key words of "tissue engineering, tissue engineering materials, cell-compatibility, cell compatibility materials,mechanism of adhesive growth" into computer.STUDY SELECTION: All the data were checked primarily, and the quotations of each article were looked up. Inclusive criterion: content related to the cell-compatibility of tissue engineering materials. Exclusion criterion:repeated study or Meta-analysis.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 41 articles were collected, and 28 ones were deleted due to the repeated or dated contents. Among the 13 articles met the inclusive criterion, 2 ones were about the mechanism of cellular adhesive growth and 11 ones were referred to the cell compatibility materials.DATA SYNTHESIS: ①The mechanism of cellular adhesive growth: To summarize the characteristics of adhesive growth in various in vitro cultured cells, and briefly describe the growth procedure of those cells cultured on substrate materials. Suggesting that compensate for the adverse effects caused by pore space structure, more effective methods should be adopted to form the transition layer of cell compatibility when the cells are required to grow.②Cell compatibility materials: To summarize the cytological effect produced by the materials of various polymers and surface topographies, and point out that the interaction mechanism between cells and materials of different surface topographies is still a difficult but valuable topic in the related fields. The physical and chemical properties as well as topological structure of the materials surface influence on the cell compati bility of materials. The interaction between cells andpolymers is the evalu ation indicator of cell compatibility of materials. The temporary interaction can be evaluated by the adhesion of cells to polymers surface, while the long-term interaction may be estimated by the growth of in vitro cultured cells or in vivo implanted polymers.CONCLUSION: Theoretically, porous materials show great superiority compared with smooth surface materials; Biodegradation materials can tackle the biocompatibility completely.