Objective We compared the effect of three anesthetic procedures on the establishment of and recovery effect on the young minipig models of skull defect,and explore an optimal anesthetic procedure for long-lasting surgical experiment in minipigs.Methods Thirty 3-month old Guizhou minipigs (male∶female=1∶1) were randomly divided into three groups,10 in each group.The group A was given with midazolam and ketamine i.p.,the group B received lumianning II i.p.,and the group C received midazolam combined with ketamine and lumianning II i.p.The induction time of anesthesia,the first anesthesia maintenance time,the first anesthesia maintenance period after additional use of anesthetics,the second time anesthesia maintenance period after additional use of anesthetics,the recovery period,the number of times of additional intraoperative use of anesthetics,cumulative amount of anesthetics used,and the adverse reaction and mortality rates of the animals after anesthesia were observed and analyzed.Results The anesthesia induction time in the group B was significantly longer than that in the groups A and C (P<0.05 for both).The anesthesia maintenance time and the anesthesia maintenance after first and second additional use of anesthetics in the groups A were significantly longer than those of the groups A and B (P<0.05 for both).The recovery periods in groups A and C were shorter than that of the group B (P<0.05 for both).The number of times of additional intraoperative use of anesthetics,the total dose of anesthetics,the adverse reaction and mortality rates in the group C were significantly lower than those of the groups A and B (P<0.05 for both).Conclusions The combination of midazolam with ketamine and lumianning II is a simple,easy to control the anesthesia depth,and a safe method to anesthetize young minipigs in long-lasting surgical experiment.

With the coming of information time,multi-media technology has been used in English teaching. This paper analyzes the application and problems of multimedia technology in medical English teaching,and points out that the combination of multimedia technology and traditional teaching method can improve the medical English teaching quality.

Objective This study was to observe the effects of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) on migration and transdifferentiation of bovine lens epithelial cells(BLECs). MethodsThe culture and identification of BLECs adopted the method of Hu(reference 1).The 2-3 passages of BLECs were collected and used in this experiment at the concentration of 1×10~6 cells/hole.The free-serum DMEM containing 0.1 ng/L,0.5 ng/L,1.0 ng/L of CTGF was added into medium for 24 hours in different experimental group respectively,and only equal volume of free-serum DMEM was added in control group.Expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) mRNA and protein in the BLECs were examined by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.The transwell inserts were used to evaluate the migration ability of BLECs. ResultsThe expression of α-SMA mRNA in cultrued BLECs was gradually increased in different concentrations of CTGF groups.Compared with control group,the expression of α-SMA mRNA in experimental group was significantly enhanced (F=66.56,P＜0.01).The expression of α-SMA protein followed the same pattern(F=65.43,P＜0.01).The migration ability of BLECs was obviously elevated after CTGF stimulation under the light microscope.The migration rate of BLECs was considerably increased in experimental group compared with blank control group (t=51.7,P＜0.01).ConclusionCTGF promotes the migration and transdifferentiation of BLECs at a dose-dependent manner in vitro.CTGF plays an important role in the formation of posterior capsule opacification.

BackgroundOur previous research and other reports disclosed that the expression of tissue transglutaminase(tTG)in lens epithelial cells(LECs) of patients with cataract is enhanced,indicating tTG is related to formation of posterior capsule opacification(PCO).ObjectivePresent study is to observe the effect of tTG specific inhibitor monodansyl-cadaverineon(MDC) on the expression of fibronectin(FN) and collagen Ⅳ(Col-Ⅳ) induced by TGF-β_2 in human LECs.MethodsHLE-B3 was cultured in vitro in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum and then were divided into 5 groups.The free-serum culture was used as normal control group.Free-serum culture containing 10μg/L TGF-β_2 was utilized as treatment group.10μg/L TGF-β_2 plused 100μmol/L,200μmol/L and 400μmol/L MDC respectively in different concentrations as MDC-treatment group.Semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to assay the expression of tTG,FN and Col-Ⅳ in HLE-B3.A(tTG/β-actin),A(FN/β-actin) and A(Col-Ⅳ/β-actin) was calculated separately as the detecting indexes.ResultstTG,FN and Col-Ⅳ were positively expressed in cultured HLE-B3.The expression levels of tTG,FN and Col-Ⅳ in HLE-B3 were remarkably increased in the group with 10μg/L TGF-β_2 compared with normal control group(t=33.95,P<0.01;t=38.24,P<0.01;t=13.48,P<0.01).The expression levels of FN and Col-Ⅳ were gradually declined in 100,200 and 400μmol/L MDC groups in comparison with TGF-β_2 treatment(P<0.01).The significant differences were also found in the expressions of FN and Col-Ⅳ in HLE-B3 among 100,200 and 400μmol/L MDC groups(P<0.01).ConclusionMDC inhibits the expression of FN and Col-Ⅳ induced by TGF-β_2 in human LECs at a concentration-dependent manner.tTG may be involved in the formation of posterior capsule opacification through up-regulating the expressions of FN and Col-Ⅳ in human LECs.

The maxillary first premolar is a transitional tooth between incisors and molars. Most maxillary first premolars have 2 root canals. However, the bilateral maxillary first premolar with 3 roots and 3 canals has not been described. This article reports a rare case:The bilateral maxillary first premolar with 3 roots and 3 canals.

Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetic mellitus,but its pathogenesis is still unclear.Adiponectin may restrain inflammatory reaction and reduce adhesion of vascular endothelial cell to influence diabetic microangiopathy.Relation between adiponectin and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)is less reported.Objective This study was to observe the effect of adiponectin on the expression of NOS in the retinas of diabetic rats.Methods Forty 8-10 weeks Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats were collected.The rats were randomized into the normal control group (10 rats),adiponectin group (15 rats) and diabetic model control group (15 rats) using the random number table method.Tetraoxypyrimidine was intraperitoneally injected to establish the diabetic model in the rats of the adiponectin group and diabetic model control group,and 10 μg/kg of adiponectin was then injected into the rats of the adiponectin group.Western blot was used to detect the expression of the adiponectin protein in the rat retinas,and the expression of NOS in rat retina was located by immunochemistry.The use of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results The relative amount of adiponectin (adiponectin/β-actin)in the retinas was 0.85 ± 0.21,0.79 ± 0.17 and 0.42 ± 0.08,respectively,in the normal control group,adiponectin group and diabetic model control group,with significant differences among the 3 groups (F =4.236,P =0.000).The adiponectin/β-actin ratio in the retinas of the diabetic model control group was significantly declined in comparison with the normal control group and adiponectin group (q =6.615,P =0.000 ; q =6.026,P =0.000).The NOS levels (A value) in the retinas were 0.244 ± 0.035,0.262 ± 0.032 and 0.367 ± 0.066,respectively,in the normal control group,adiponectin group and diabetic model control group,showing a significant difference among them (F =3.752,P =0.001).The A value of NOS in the diabetic model control group was significantly increased in comparison with the normal control group and adiponectin group (q =3.488,P =0.002 ; q =3.079,P =0.005).NOS expression was localized to the inner nuclear layer and retinal ganglion cell layer.Conclusions Adiponectin reduces NO content in diabetic rat retinas by regulating NOS expression.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of acupuncture with different filiform needles on structure of fascial connective tissues, cellular activity, arrangement and content of collagen fibers in acupoint area of rats.

METHODSA total of 32 SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a thin needle group, a medium needle group and a thick needle group, 8 rats in each one. Except for the blank group, rats in the remaining groups were treated with horizontal acupuncture at "Zhongwan" (CV 12) towards Conception Vessel with different filiform needles, and twirling mild reinforcing-reducing method was applied, once a day. Rats in the blank group were treated with identical anesthesia, grasping and fixation. After 3-day intervention, the fascial connective tissue of acupoint area was collected. HE staining, immumohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and MASSON staining were adopted to observe the morphology of fascial connective tissues, expression of PCNA in cells and arrangement and expression of collagenous fiber.

RESULTSAfter acupuncture in each group, the consistency of morphology of fascial connective tissues and arrangement of collagenous fiber were changed; the expression of PCNA protein in the fascial connective tissue in each group was significantly increased (P<0. 01, P<0. 05). The area distribution of collagenous fiber were changed, and that in the thin needle group was insignificantly increased compared with that in the blank group (P>0. 05), and that in the medium needle group and thick needle group were reduced compared with that in the blank group (both P<0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSAcupuncture with different filiform needles can change the local tissue morphology of acupoints, strengthen cell activity and adjust the exyression of collagenous fiber protein, which may be one of the cellular biomechanics principles of the acupuncture therapy's "regulating meridians" effects. However, the stimulation is produced by different fifiform needles, and the complex relationships exist between cells and collagen fibers.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Connective Tissue ; anatomy & histology ; metabolism ; Fascia ; anatomy & histology ; cytology ; metabolism ; Male ; Meridians ; Needles ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the significance and surgical skill for lymphadenectomy around common hepatic artery in gastric cancer.Methods Two hundred and fifty-seven cases with undergoing lymphadenectomy around common hepatic artery in gastric cancer between January 2001 and December 2006 were retrospectively reviewed.Experiences and understanding of dealing with this procedure in curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer were concluded.Results The number of dissected No.8 lymph node was 2.2?1.7,and the positive rate of No.8 lymph node was 30.35%.There were no lymphadenectomy related complications,such as anastomotic leakage,lymphatic fistula and postoperative hemorrhage in this series.Dissection around common hepatic artery lymph nodes along artery intrathecal space,division and ligation of left gastric vein at its root,and sufficient exposure of anatomic structures were important to dissection lymph nodes around the common hepatic artery.The exposure of anatomic structures included liberation of common hepatic artery by traction with the band,and the exposure of posterior side of pancreas by Kocher incision.Conclusion Being familiar with the anatomy around common hepatic artery,careful dissection,and attention to the surgical skill of lymphadenectomy are very important to improve the effectiveness of lymphadenectomy around common hepatic artery in gastric cancer.

α-MSH is an endogenous neuropetide that is effective of all categories of expreimental inflammation. The mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory influence of α-MSH are reviewed in the article. α-MSH suppresses inflammation in the CNS and periphery by downregulating the activation of NF-κB, then inhibiting production of proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, chemokines and adhension molecules, and increasing synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines. α-MSH is useful in the treatment of many pathological situations in humans.

?-MSH is an endogenous neuropetide that is effective of all categories of expreimental inflammation. The mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory influence of ?-MSH are reviewed in the article. ?-MSH suppresses inflammation in the CNS and periphery by downregulating the activation of NF-?B, then inhibiting production of proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, chemokines and adhension molecules, and increasing synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines. ?-MSH is useful in the treatment of many pathological situations in humans.