BACKGROUND:Peri-fracture nerve injury can inhibit osteoclast activity and promote early fracture healing. OBJECTIVE:To investigate dynamical y the effects of traumatic brain injury on the bone mineral density, microstructure, biomechanics property and bone metabolism in rat models of fractures. METHODS:Sixty-three male rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham group, simple fracture group and fracture combined with brain injury group. After 3, 6, and 3 months, the animals were sacrificed in batches under anesthesia, and then, the bones and serum specimens were used to detect the bone mineral density, microstructure, biomechanics property, serum cross-linked N-telopeptide of col agen type I and osteocalcin levels. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the simple fracture group, the fracture combined brain injury group had significantly increased bone mineral density of the proximal tibia, bone volume fraction of the cancel ous bone, trabecular thickness, cross-sectional area of tibial cortical bone and total area of the bone marrow, ultimate load and stress of the tibia, serum cross-linked N-telopeptide of col agen type I and osteocalcin levels at 3 and 6 weeks after modeling (P<0.05), but no differences in the above-mentioned indexes were found among the three groups at 3 months after modeling. These findings indicate that traumatic brain injury can increase the bone mineral density at the fracture site, improve bone microstructure and enhance biomechanical properties, thereby promoting bone healing and bone metabolism at the fracture site.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the cause,clinical characteristic and preventive measures in nosocomial infection of multiple sites. METHODS A total of 123 cases of nosocomial infection in multiple sites in our hospital in 2004 were prospectively monitored and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Among 1645 cases of nosocomial infection,123 cases suffered from nosocomial infection in multiple sites.The main infection sites were lower respiratory tract and urinary tract.The main risk factors were over usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics and invasive operation.The serious result was prolongation of duration in hospital,increase in mortality and expensiveness. CONCLUSIONS The nosocomial infection in multiple sites is a main object to be monitored.To prevent,discover and control nosocomial infection in time is an effective measure to reduce the risk of nosocomial infection.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the condition of nosocomical systemic fungus infection and make preventive and control measures against nosocomial systemic fungus infection.METHODS The 496 fungus-cultured positive cases with average age of 61.04 years old among the discharged patients from Jan 2003 to Dec 2005 were reviewed and analyzed.RESULTS The rate of nosocomical systemic fungus infection was 0.53%,from which the over 60 age senile patients accounted for 63.1%.Lower respiratory tract and urinary tract were the most frequent infection sites.The Candida albicans was accounted for 70.71%.The death rate of patients with nosocomial systemic fungus infection was 27.82%.The major correlated factors of nosocomial systemic fungus infection were the widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and not be standardized and the iatrojenic injury of respiratory and urological tracts.CONCLUSIONS The causes of nosocomial systemic fungus infection are closely related to medical treatment;the death rate of patients with nosocomial systemic fungus infection is obvious higher than that without it;to prevent and control nosocomial systemic fungus infection is the key point of nosocomial treatment.

Objective To investigate the value of electroencephalogram(EEG), transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD), somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) on evaluating brain function in coma patients. Methods The brain function in 72 cases of coma(mild coma 12,moderate coma 17,open eyes coma 4 and severe coma 39 cases) were examined using EEG,SEP ,TCD and scored. Results For the first time of exam, the results of EEG in 25 cases were electrical silence; no blood stream signalthe were found in 28 cases by TCD; the wave of P14 were disappeared in 26 cases by SEP and all of them belonged to severe coma group. For the second time exam, the results of finally EEG in 17 cases were electrical silence. The results of TCD in other 24 cases were surge waves and nail waves spectra eumorphism. Brain function grading: the EEG grade V in 42 cases, grade Ⅳ in 10 cases, grade Ⅲ in 14 cases were affirmed; TCD grade V in 28 cases, grade Ⅳ in 9 cases and SEP grade Ⅲ in 27 cases were affirmed. All the 28 cases of death and the most of 25 cases abandoned treatment for many reasons were belong to severe coma group. Conclusions The more severe of coma, the higher grade of EEG,TCD and SEP, the worse of prognosis. EEG,SEP,TCD testing can provide an objective indicator not only for evaluating brain function of coma patients, but aslo for estimating prognosis.

Objective To analyze the outcomes of arthroscopy for secondary osteoarthrosis of the ankle joint. Methods From March 2000 to February 2006,62 patients with osteoarthrosis of the ankle joint were treated with arthroscopy in our department. Among the cases,52 received follow-up. We analyzed the therapeutic outcomes by evaluating the AOFAS,McGuire,and Mazur scores. Results The 52 cases were followed up for 12 to 84 months (mean,36.2 months). During the follow-up,we observed significantly increased scores of AOFAS,McGuire,and Mazur [postoperation vs. peroperation:57.6?12.8,56.5?14.9,and 61.5?12.6 vs. 82.4?11.5 (t=11.02,P=0.00),84.8?12.6 (t=9.52,P=0.00),and 84.1?14.7 (t=8.70,P=0.00)] with the rate of excellent and good results of 80.8% (42/52),82.7% (43/52),and 84.6% (44/52).Conclusions Arthroscopic treatment is effective for osteoarthrosis of the ankle joint with satisfactory results especially in patients with mild or moderate osteoarthrosis or those with loose bodies.

This paper discusses issues involved in the deployment of the shelters of campaign-grade rapid medical support system in such aspects as entering of the vehicles,unloading of the shelters and grouping of the staffs. It suggests that the vehicles should rapidly move in at their positions and be butted bidirectional. As the system is deployed,such things should all be fixed as the position of the vehicles & equipments as well as the deployment motions and sequence. The system is positioned at hard surface,the shelters should be pushed towards the immobilized vehicles,but for the system located at soft surface,it is quite the contrary. With the above-mentioned measures implemented,the duration for shelters of campaign-grade rapid medical support system can be reduced largely.

Objective To explore the effect of prenatal steroid (PNS) treatment on preventing early severe non-oliguric hyperkalemia in Extremely-Low-Birth-Weight (ELBW) infants.Methods Retrospective comparative analysis was performed on 31 ELBW infants who had been admitted to the hospital’s NICU between July 2001 and Jun 2005. Infants whose mothers received a full course of steroids before delivery (PNS group; n=18) were compared with those infants whose mothers did not receive steroids (NSG group; n=13). Infants were included in the PNS group if their mother was given one full course of dexamethasone ( 10 mg q12h4 doses) before delivery. The last dose must have been given at least 24 hours before delivery. The arterial blood gas , serum concentrations of potassium, sodium and creatinine were measured every 24 hours, and fluid intakes, urine outputs were monitored every day. Results Hyperkalemia was significantly lower in the PNS than in the NSG infants at the first 72 hours of age [5/18 cases ( 27.78%) vs 9/13 cases (69.23%)],P=0.023). However, the serum concentrations of sodium, creatinine, fluid intakes, urine outputs were not significantly difference in both groups. Conclusions Prenatal steroids treatment can reduce early severe non-oliguric hyperkalemia in EVBL infants.

Aim To study the effect of sibutramine hydrochloride on hypothalamus orexin system gene in high-fat dietary obesity rats.Methods SD rats were fed with high-fat diet to induce obesity model.Then,the rats were divided into two groups,the treatment group with sibutramine(8 mg?kg-1,ig)and control group with NaCl(ig)for 4 weeks.All rats' weight,blood fat and glucose were measured,prepro-orexin and its receptors mRNA expression in the hypothalamus were assessed by semi-quantity RT-PCR.Results Sibutramine not only decreased the obesity rats' weight and the level of serum lipid and glucose,but also increased the level of prepro-orexin mRNA expression in obesity rats.There was no difference in mRNA expression of both orexin receptors in each group.Conclusions Sibutramine hydrochlorid has an anti-obesity effect in high-fat obesity rats,which may be related to the increase of prepro-orexin gene mRNA expression level.

Metformin has been applied for 50 year.In recent years,new studies found that metformin could reduce glucose through activating inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅳ(DPP Ⅳ) and enhancing the biological effect of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1).In addition,metformin can reduce vascular disease risk of patients with type 2 diabetes by improving insulin resistance and the effect of reducing total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),blood coagulation factor Ⅶ,plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) and proteinuria.Merformin can't change blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes,however,it can significantly reduce the salt-sensitive blood pressure of patients with obesity.Metformin has also been applied to patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).It can induce ovulation,decrease the rate of abortion and have effect on hypertrichosis and hyperandrogenism.Besides,metformin has been the focus of the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

5-lipoxygenase (5LO) is the key enzyme in the synthesis of leukotrienes, which are potent biological mediators of inflammation and anaphylaxis.After lock out of the 5LO gene by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells, 5LO deficient-mice can develop normally and stay healthy, with a selective opposition to certain inflammatory insults. The cellular distribution of 5LO in unstimulated cells among different cell types is different; it can present in the cytosol, the nucleus, or both. 5LO was also found capable of shuttling in and out of the nucleus under certain conditions. It is suggested that 5LO might have other functions besides its traditional catalytic role.