Objective: To compare the efficacy of different treatment protocols in treating transient synovitis of the hip (TSH) in children and to optimize the clinical treatment strategy for this condition. Methods: Ninety kids with TSH were divided into a control group, a chiropractic group and a chiropractic plus foot bath group using the random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional traction; the chiropractic group was given chiropractic treatment based on the control group; the chiropractic plus foot bath group was given Chinese medicine foot bath based on the chiropractic group. Traction and foot bath were conducted once daily while chiropractic was done once every other day, all with 14 d as a treatment course for a total of two courses. Changes in the visual analog scale (VAS) score and range of motion (ROM) of the hip joint in the three groups were observed, and the efficacy was compared. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3％ in the chiropractic plus foot bath group, versus 76.7％ in the chiropractic group and 66.7％ in the control group, and the total effective rate was notably higher in the chiropractic plus foot bath group than in the other two groups (both P<0.05). Respectively after the first and second treatment course, the VAS score decreased significantly in each of the three groups compared with that before treatment (all P<0.01), and the ROM of the hip joint in flexion increased significantly (all P<0.01). After two treatment courses, the VAS score was lower in the chiropractic plus foot bath group than in the other two groups (both P<0.05), and its ROM of the hip joint in flexion was larger than that in the other two groups (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on traction, chiropractic plus Chinese medicine foot bath can effectively reduce pain and improve motor function of the hip joint in treating TSH.

Acetamides ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Linezolid ; Male ; Oxazolidinones ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Sepsis ; drug therapy

Objective To investigate the trend and related determinants of cigarette smoking on experimental smokers among undergraduate students in Changsha.Methods Stratified sampling method was adopted and 3600 undergraduate students from grade 1 to 3 in Changsha city were investigated through a self-administered questionnaire.All the experimental smokers during the last month were selected and divided into two groups based on the present smoking status.x2 test and logistic regression analysis were used to compare the differences of cigarette smoking among subpopulations and to explore the determinants.Results Among the 1550 experimental smokers of undergraduate students,the prevalence of cigarette smoking was 30.8％(95％CI:28.5-33.1).Students from the second-class(OR=2.367)or the third-class universities(OR=2.562)were more likely to adopt smoking behavior than those from top universities.Students majored in sports or arts(OR=2.456)were significantly more inclined to smoke than the liberal arts students.Students whose father were cadres(OR=1.602)were more likely to become smokers than those whose fathers were workers.Students being males(OR=7.386),having high monthly expenses(OR=1.139),with positive attitude to smoking benefits(OR=1.140)were risk factors for smoking.Number of smoking members in the family(OR=1.801)was significantly associated with the prevalence of cigarette smoking.Knowledge on diseases caused by smoking(OR=0.806)was protecting factor to smoking among the experimental smokers.Conclusion Those experimental smokers among undergraduate students might become smokers and the determinants of cigarette smoking behavior would include:ranking of universities,students' major,gender,father' s occupation,amount of pocket money,number of smoking members in the family,knowledge about smoking,the attitude to the benefit of smoking.

Objective To study the features,safe Sex behavior and the size of men who have sex with men(MSM)population in actuaI and virtual venues in one city.Methods We carried out a cross-sectional study in actual and virtual venues,using the Estimated Size of Population from a Single Sample(LMS method)to estimate the size of MSM population.Results Most MSM in actual venues were 24-43 year olds and had received high school education,whereas in virtual venues,the majority of this population were younger than 29 years old and had higher education,including some college students.The awareness of AIDS of the two groups from different venues showed no statistically significant difierence,neither the safe sex behaviors.Proportions of the MSM population in actual and virtuaI venues were 21.22%(16 383,95%CI:11514-21252)and 78.78%(60830,95%CI:57327-64329),respectively.After adjusting the overlapping part of the MSM from both venues,the total number was between 60 830 and 77213,constituting a proportion of 5.03%-6.38%in the sexually active male population(15-64 year olds)in this city.Conclusion The size of the MSM population was large but the characteristics were different in the actual or virtual venues.As most MSM preferred going to the virtual venues,intervention program on AIDS-specific strategy in this area,in particular dealing with the Internet,should be strenthened.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of free medical sural artery perforator myocutaneous flap for repairingof the woundwith osteomyelitis. Methods: 17 patients suffered from the wound with osteomyelitis were treated in the Ningbo First People′s Hospital, There were 11 males and 6 females with an mean age of 53.2 years (range, 21-76 years). The sizes of the defect ranged 5 cm×4 cm to 13 cm×6 cm. All patients underwent debridement and used antibiotic-loaded bonecement to cover the wound. Meanwhile, patients were treated with sensitive antibiotics, operation and free medical sural artery perforator myocutaneous flap were used to treat the wound. Preoperative use ultrasound and CT angiography to positioning perforator, The flap area ranged from 6 cm×4 cm to 13 cm×7 cm and the donor sites were closed directly. The author provided the patients with the treatment of anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic and anti-coagulantin the postoperative. Used infrared thermograms to assess the flap blood supply. Results: One flap skin margin was non union due to poor blood supply.All of the other 16 flaps success survived and the donor sites were closed directly. Postoperative follow-up period was 4 to 23 months and the flaps had satisfied texture and appearance.All the donor sites had a good healing with no pain and complications, also the osteomyelitis was controlled. Conclusions The free medical sural artery perforator myocutaneous flap is reliable for reconstruction of the wound with osteomyelitis.

AIMTo investigate the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid (MPA), an active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in Chinese adult liver transplant patients.

METHODSThirty-eight liver transplant patients (male 30, female 8) receiving MMF 1.0 g, twice daily in accordance with the recommended regimen were included in this study. Plasma MPA concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h after the administration of a single dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3P97 software.

RESULTSThe plasma MPA concentration-time curve was characterized with an early sharp peak reached at 0.5 - 6.0 h after oral administration. And in some patients there was a small second peak due to enterohepatic circulation of mycophenolic acid glucuronide (MPAG), which underwent deglucuronidation and re-absorption as MPA at 4 to 12 h postdose. The mean peak plasma concentration (C(max)) and area under concentration-time curve (AUC(0-12 h)) were (12 +/- 7) microg x mL(-1) and (44 +/- 16) microg x h x mL(-1), respectively. However, a large variability of pharmacokinetic parameters existed in these patients.

CONCLUSIONIn view of the inter-individual variability of MMF pharmacokinetics, plasma MPA concentration should be monitored routinely after MMF administration for individual patient.

Adult ; Aged ; Area Under Curve ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycophenolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVETo determine the physicochemical properties of the mutanase of Trichoderma harzianum isolated from China and to study the influence of mutanase on the adherence of oral Streptococci and the structure of oral biofilms.

METHODSSix fungal strains belonging to Trichoderma were tested for mutanase production in the same cultural condition, the strain producing the highest mutanase activity was studied further and the pH and temperature optimum of the enzyme was determined. The RT-PCR method was used to obtain the gene coding for mutanase and the product was cloned to pMD18-T simple vector for sequencing. Inhibition effects of mutanase on the adherence of Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ176, Streptococcus sobrinus 6715, Streptococcus mutans MT8148 were studied by adherence test. The optical sectioning of biofilms with or without mutanase supplementation were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).

RESULTSThe highest enzymatic activity was achieved by Trichoderma harzianum Th1, the maximum activity was at pH 5.5 and at 40 degrees C. The nucleotide sequence was 92% homology with that of a known gene coding a mutanase (GenBank accession No. AJ243799). The adherence of Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ176, Streptococcus sobrinus 6715, Streptococcus mutans MT8148 was significantly inhibited by mutanase. Compared with control, the biofilms with mutanase supplementation had lower height and sparser structure.

CONCLUSIONSThe mutanase from Trichoderma harzianum Th1 can inhibit the adherence of oral Streptococci and had an influence on the structure of oral biofilms.

Bacterial Adhesion ; drug effects ; Biofilms ; Glycoside Hydrolases ; chemistry ; physiology ; Streptococcus mutans ; drug effects ; Streptococcus sobrinus ; drug effects ; Trichoderma ; enzymology ; pathogenicity

OBJECTIVETo explore the relevant factors of the causes of sexual orientations of gay.

METHODFrom March to June 2013, 350 gays were recruited from one music bar and three bath centers where gays frequently visited in Changsha city, by proportional stratified sampling method. Meanwhile, another 332 males who identify themselves as non-homosexuality were also recruited considering the composition of ages, gender and educational background. Questionnaire survey was conducted to all the subjects, with 300 effective ones reclaimed. The questionnaire included the general demographic information, traits of character, the condition of foster in childhood and information of family members. The differences between the gays and non-homosexuality groups were analyzed to explore the causes of the sexual orientations of gays.

RESULTSThere were statistical significant differences between gays and non- homosexuality group on following indexes (χ(2) was 59.63, 5.90, 16.01, 84.99, 161.57, 77.77, 112.32, 190.84, 30.10 respectively, all of P < 0.05) :had a tender father and an impervious mother, were physically weak, not agile, physically inactive, attentive to details, highly conservative, not adventurous, and radical in childhood, were raised as girls before the age of 18, liked to dress as girls before the age of 18, don't liked to play toy knives and toy guns before the age of 18, suffered from sexual abuse before the age of 18 (e.g. forced to expose private parts or forced to have sex) by adults, had read or watched books or films about homosexual and experienced sexual pleasure from that before the age of 18. The rate of gays on these indexes was separately 62.3% (187/300), 57.7% (173/300) , 62.3% (187/300) , 63.0% (189/300), 67.3% (202/300) , 62.7% (189/300), 68.0% (204/300), 65.0% (195/300) and the rate on these indexes of non-homosexuality group was separately 21.3% (64/300), 28.0% (84/300) , 25.0% (75/300) , 12.7% (38/300), 31.3% (94/300), 17.7% (53/300) , 12.7% (38/300), 42.7% (128/300) . The rate of gays on these factors:the youngest boy in family, had the father or twin brothers who were homosexual or self identified as gay was 62.7% (188/300), 56.0% (168/300) and 62.0% (18/29) respectively; and the rate was 40.7% (122/300), 4.0% (12/300) and 20.0% (2/10), respectively among non-homosexuality group. The difference showed statistical significance (χ(2) was 34.52, 193.14, 5.27 respectively, all of P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe correlative factor of sexual orientation of gays maybe was family relationship, tend and education since childhood, psychological characteristics, sexual experience during puberty.

Adult ; Homosexuality, Male ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual Behavior ; statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of SMU.2055 gene on acid resistance of Streptococcus mutans.

METHODSA SMU.2055-dificient mutant strain of S. mutans was constructed using homologous recombination technique. The growth of the wild-type and mutant strains was monitored in both normal and acidic conditions. The lethal pH level, glycolysis, proton permeability, cell permeability and biofilm formation of the two strains were compared.

RESULTSPCR and sequence analyses verified the successful construction of the SMU.2055-dificient mutant strain. The growth and biofilm formation capacity of the mutant strain were obviously lowered in both normal and acidic conditions. The mutant strain also showed increased lethal pH level, proton permeability, and cell permeability with impaired H-ATPase activity in acidic conditions, but its minimum glycolytic pH remained unaffected.

CONCLUSIONThe SMU.2055-deficient S. mutans mutant exhibits a lowered acid resistance, which affects the growth, lethal pH, proton permeability, H-ATPase activity, cell permeability and biofilm formation but not the minimum glycolytic pH of the mutant strain.

The anatomical location of lymphocyte ontogeny in the developing mouse embryo remains controversial. To define the site that can generate lymphocytes de novo, the intraembryonic splanchnopleura (SP) and extraembryonic yolk sac (YS) at 8.5 days postcoitum, when systemic circulation is not established, were investigated. The results indicated that in standard colony forming assay, the cells from both splanchnopleura and yolk sac formed typical myeloerythroid colonies, but their types were distinct. When cocultured with the OP9, the splanchnopleura produced B cells expressing B220, CD19 and surface IgM. Using a three-step culture protocols with the OP9 expressing Delta-like 1 as feeders, the splanchnopleura produced immature T precursor cells (CD44-/CD25+) and more mature single positive T cells (CD4+/CD8-) after 16 days of incubation. However, the yolk sac failed to generate B and T lymphocytes under identical conditions. It is concluded that prior to linked embryonic circulation, the splanchnopleura other than the yolk sac had robust lymphoid potential in vitro. In the future, more reliable evidence from novel model animals will ultimately delineate the embryonic origin of lymphocytes in vivo.
Animals ; B-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Coculture Techniques ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pregnancy ; T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Yolk Sac ; cytology