Objective To assess the safety of living environment by the elderly, further clarify the relevant factors of the elderly fall in the living environment. Methods The self- made assessment form of fall-related factors of living environment for elderly patients was used to survey 1 076 elderly. Likert five grades score was used for each item, and the higher score demonstrated the safer living environment. Results In the assessment of the safety of living environment, the indoor physical environment (3.94 points), home furniture safety (3.66 points) score was better;home ground and the channel (3.32 points) and outdoor activities places (3.57 points) score was lower. Scores of home′s ground and channel, furniture safety, indoor physical environment and living environment of urban elderly were (23.56 ± 6.49), (44.52 ± 7.72), (11.93 ± 2.49), (105.03 ± 17.82) points, which were better than (22.46 ± 6.39), (42.73 ± 7.95), (11.53 ± 2.39), (101.55 ± 18.15) points of rural elderly (t=2.471-3.495, P <0.05). Conclusions The indoor physical environment, home furniture safety got higher scores, and the scores of ground-channel environment and outdoor activities places were relatively lower. Scores of the safety of living environment in urban are better than in rural. It suggests the elderly living environment need to reduce the incidence of falls.

Identification and functional analyses of antiviral restriction factors in hosts have become hot research topics. Four HIV restriction factors, APOBEC3G, Trim5alpha, Tetherin, and SAMHD1, have been identified in recent years. By encoding auxiliary proteins, lentiviruses can counteract host restriction factors. For example, the auxiliary proteins Vif, Vpu, and Vpx of HIV antagonize APOBEC3G, Tetherin, and SAMHD1, respectively. Furthermore, these auxiliary proteins enable the entry of HIV into host cells and influence the replication and pathogenicity of HIV. In this paper, we review the research progress in the functions of the three HIV auxiliary proteins that can antagonize the host restriction factors.
Animals ; HIV ; metabolism ; physiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Viral Proteins ; metabolism

Humans ; Sialorrhea ; etiology ; therapy

Objective To Study the application of ultrasound mediated drug-loading ultrasound contrast agents in auxiliary cancer chemotherapy.Methods Carrying paclitaxel (PTX) hollow periodic mesoporous organosilicas(HPMOs) were prepared by Structural differences selective etching method.The drug release kinetics of ultrasound mediated in vitro were evaluated at different time points of ultrasound radiation to PTX-HPMOs.The cell survival were evaluated by CCK8 experiment.Results ① The drug loading of PTX-HPMOs was 91 mg/g.②The achieved HMONs showed the high stability and excellent contrast enhancement for ultrasound imaging both in vitro.HPMOs showed the same good effect of contrastenhanced ultrasound imaging as SonoVue.③Drug-loaded HMONs exhibit ultrasound-responsive drug release performance.The ultrasonic stimulation can increase the release of 18 ％ of PTX each time.④ After ultrasonic stimulation,PTX-HPMOs showed good antitumor effect in vitro.Conclusions The new type of drug loading ultrasound contrast agents show good ultrasonic imaging and can help the cancer chemotherapy at the same time.

The analytical chemistry is the specialized fundamental course of medical laboratory major.To the higher vocational students,it is an experiment operation technique,so to introduce the pattern based on the work process curriculum is helpful to the deconstruction and reorganization of analytical chemistry curriculum,and can stimulate students'study interest enormously and get good teaching effect.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of gene delivery to the ischemic myocardium of rabbits by ultrasound-mediated destruction of microbubbles. Methods A ligation model of left circumflex branch coronary artery was established in 48 rabbits. Three days after ligation, the mixture of gene and microbubbles was infused into the vein of rabbits with or without simultaneous ultrasound. Additional controls included ultrasound of microbubbles that did not contain gene, gene alone, gene plus ultrasound,and blank control. Rabbits were killed after two weeks and examined for the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF). Results The hearts of five rabbits that underwent ultrasound-mediated destruction of microbubbles containing gene showed VEGF expression in ischemic myocardium.None of the control animals showed VEGF expression. Conclusions Ultrasound-mediated destruction of microbubbles is a promising method for the delivery of bioactive agents to the heart.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the distribution of pathogens of nosocomial infection in intensive care units,the sites where infections often taken place and the related antibiotic-resistance of bacteria.METHODS Various samples of bacteria from intensive care units have been examined by applying half-automatic analyzer ATB Expression,with bacteria inspecting cards and drug-sensitivity cards,all from Bio-Merieux,France.RESULTS Totally 153 strains of nosocomial pathogens have been found,where Acinebacter baumannii,fungi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ranked top three,with rates of 32.0%,16.3%,and 15.0%,respectively.About 45.8% of pathogens were found in samples from the lower respiratory tract.Approximately 4.3% of A.baumannii showed drug-resistance to imipenem.However,more than 50.0% of A.baumannii presented its strong drug-resistance to rest of eight regular antibiotics.CONCLUSIONS A.baumannii is a dominating pathogen to cause nosocomial infection in intensive care units,and has shown strong multi-drug-resistance,which should incur high clinical attention.It comes to be crucial to highlight sanitization and sterilization operation,applying proper antibiotics in order to reduce appearance of bacteria with drug-resistance.

Objective To investigate the correlation between prostatitis and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.Methods From January 2008 to January 2012,Three hundred BPH patients were divided into two group according to whether had prostatitis determined by pathology.One hundred and thirty six patients with simple BPH and 164 patients with BPH combined with prostatitis were included with the median age of 69 years.PSA was (4.9 ± 8.3) μg/L and (7.0 ± 8.5)μg/L,the prostate volume was (41.4±18.1) ml and (48.7±20.7) ml,and IPSS was 21.9±7.0 and 27.5 ± 5.1 in BPH group and prostatitis group,respectively.The urodynamic parameters of bladder outlet obstruction between the two groups were analyzed.Results Qmax was (8.8 ± 4.8) ml/s and (6.3 ± 3.7)ml/s,Pdet.Qmax was (96.7 ± 33.0) cm H2O and (113.3 ± 39.8) cm H2O,AG value was 77.7 ± 31.9 and 93.9 ± 39.6,and Schafer grading value was 3.3 ± 1.5 and 4.4 ± 1.2 in BPH group and BPH combined with prostatitis group,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that prostatitis (OR =2.66,P =0.002),PV (OR =1.37,P =0.000),and Qmax(OR =0.72,P =0.000) were positively correlated with Schafer grading value.Conclusions Prostatitis increased the degree of BOO in patients with BPH.

Objective To investigate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)during one lung ventilation on pulmonary function in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic repair of atrial septal defect.Methods Twenty ASA Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 16-30 yr,weighing 41-64 kg,scheduled for video-assisted thoracoscopic repair of atrial septal defect,were randomly divided into 2 groups(n = 10 each): control group and CPAP group.One lung ventilation(VT 8 ml/kg,RR 12-16 bpm,I:E 1:2,PETCO2 35-40 mm Hg)was perform in both groups.CPAP(6 cm H2O)was perform during one lung ventilation in group CPAP.The oxygenation index,pulmonary compliance and airway pressure were recorded during operation.The cardiovascular events,hyoxemia and extubation time were recorded.Results The oxygenation index and pulmonary compliance were significantly higher,extubation time was shorter,and the incidence of hyoxemia was lower in CPAP group than in control group(P ＜ 0.01).The airway pressure was in the normal range in both groups.No cardiovascular events was found in both groups.Conclusion CPAP(6cm H2O)during one lung ventilation can improve the pulmonary function in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic repair of atrial septal defect.

Objective To observe the effects of Qutantongluo decoction on the expression of TGF-β1 in renal tissue of diabetic nephropathy(DN) rats,which can help to understand the mechanism of action.Methods The rats models of diabetic nephropathy were established by injecting with streptozotocin intraperi-toneally.All Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:the normal control group,the model control group,Benazepril Hydrochloridec group ( 1 mg/kg ·d-1 ),Qutantongluo decoction low dose group (3 g/kg ·d-1 ),Qutantongluo decoction median dose group (4.5 g/kg · d-1 ),and Qutantongluo decoction high dose group (6 g/kg · d-1 ).Rats in the normal control group and the model control group were given celiac perfusion of distilled water once at the same time and dose.All the rats were gavaged once daily for 8 weeks.The expression of TGF-β1 at the level of gene and protein in renal tissue were tested by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR methods.Results Compared with the model control group(2.79±0.22),the expression of TGF-β1 at the level of protein in renal tissue of Benazepril Hydrochloridec group (1.55 ±0.12)and the Qutantongluo decoction low dose group ( 1.54± 0.16),Qutantongluo decoction median dose group (1.49 ± 0.17),Qutantongluo decoction high dose group(l.39±0.25) decreased significantly (P＜0.05).Compared with the model control group (0.35±0.07),the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA in renal tissue of Benazepril Hydrochloridec group(0.35± 0.07)and the Qutantongluo decoction low dose group(0.39±0.03),Qutantongluo decoction median dose group (0.35± 0.06),Qutantongluo decoction high dose group (0.32± 0.07) decreased significantly (P＜0.05).Conclusion Qutantongluo decoction can down regulate the expression of TGF-β1 in kidney,which may be one of the mechanisms of Qutantongluo decoction effectiveness in clinical treatment of diabetic nephropathies.