Objective To provide reference for anti-infection drugs in Zunyi area by analyzing the etiological characteristics of children with severe pneumonia.Methods The sputum, throat swabs and serum of children with severe pneumonia in pediatric intensive care unit of our hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were collected in this study.The pathogen species which caused severe pneumonia were detected and identified by the method of pathogen culture,and typical pathogens were detected by RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence.Results A total of 337 children with severe pneumonia were included,the pathogen positive rate was 86.65%(292/337).The rate of viral infection(37.32%)was the highest,followed by bacterial infection accounting for 28.42%,then the mixed infection accounting for 27.74%,and the mycoplasma pneumoniae infection accounting for 6.50%.The respiratory syncytial virus type B accounting for 28.44% was the most common in viral infection,and there were significant differences in age distribution(P<0.05),the children under 3-years-old,especially the infants under 1-year-old had the highest susceptibility.Viral infection had certain seasonality,compared with spring and winter,autumn and winter(November to April) had higher viral detection rate and the difference was statistically significant(x2=29.28,P=0.001).The escherichia coli was the most common in bacterial infection,accounting for 21.69%.Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli were more common in neonates and infants under 1-year-old,Haemophilus influenzae occured in 1~3 years old children,Streptococcus pneumoniae infection could occur in any age.Conclusion Viral infection is the most common pathogen in children with severe pneumonia in Zunyi area followed by bacterial infection,which is more common in children under 1-year-old,and with the high incidence in autumn and winter.Bacterial infection is more common in children over 3 years of age.Bacterial and viral mixed infection is common in children under 3 years of age,especially in children under 1-year-old.

Objective To study the effects of one finger massage on sciatic nerve injury rats. Methods The sciatic nerves were exposed, and the sciatic nerve was held by micro needles to make the sciatic nerve injury model. SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group and massage group. In the sham-operation group, the sciatic nerves were exposed but not held. 7 d after the establishment of modeling, rats in massage group received one finger massage for 30 d. After 30 d, SFI and BBB of sciatic nerves were detected. HE staining, transmission electron microscope and immunochemistry assay were used to measure the changes of sciatic nerves. Results Compared with model group, massage group could speed up the recovery of SFI and increase BBB, promote the recovery of sciatic nerve morphology, increased protein level of S-100β, and enhance ultrastructure of newborn nerve growth and recovery. Conclusion One finger massage can effectively promote neurological and functional recovery after sciatic nerve injury in rats.

Cerebral ischemia is one of the most common diseases treated by acupuncture therapeutics. Recent studies indicated that acupuncture treatment by needling the conception and governor vessels had positive effects in promoting neural regeneration in patients after cerebral ischemia injury. Acupuncture intervention could continuously promote the proliferation and differentiation of the neural stem cells in the brain, obviously up-regulate expression of growth factors, accelerate angiogenesis and inhibit apoptosis. Hence, it is necessary to present an exhaustive review on the mechanisms. The present review gives a detailed description of pathological changes of cerebral ischemia and acupuncture intervention applied to the conception and governor vessels, and proposes research prospects in the future.

Objective: To conduct a comparative study on the specific effects of systematic sex education on adolescent students in terms of sexual cognition, sexual values, and sexual adaptation, and to provide the support for conducting a comprehensive education in middle schools. Methods: A whole group sampling method was used to select 3 369 middle and high school students from six general and vocational middle schools in Sichuan Province, which were divided into systematic sex education schools and non systematic sex education schools, and a comparative study was conducted using the Adolescent Mental Health Scale. Results: The results showed that the adolescent students who received systematic sex education were significantly different from those who did not receive systematic sex education in terms of sex related cognition (7.18±6.24, 5.65±7.40), sexual values(7.60±1.17，7.30±1.24), and sexual adjustment (11.49±1.29，11.10±1.41). All differed significantly ( t =5.95, 6.80,7.57, P <0.01). The students who received systematic education in junior middle school were higher than those who received non systematic education in sex related cognition, sexual values and sexual adaptation ( P <0.01). However, in senior high school, the differences in systematic education are only shown in sexual values control and self adaptation in sexual adjustment ( P <0.01). There were significant differences in sex related cognition, sexual values and sexual adjustment between male and female students who received systematic education and non systematic education ( P <0.01). Conclusion Systematic sex education is more beneficial to the psychosexual health of adolescent students than non systematic sex education in schools.

BACKGROUNDCisplatin-based chemotherapy is the standard regimens in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of paclitaxel or gemcitabine combined with cispltin for patients with advanced NSCLC.

METHODSSeventy-seven advanced NSCLC patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, 39 in TP group and 38 in GP group. TP group: paclitaxel 135 mg/m², on day 1; cisplatin 30 mg/m², on days 1-3. GP group: gemcitabine 1000 mg/m², on days 1, 8; cisplatin 30 mg/m², on days 1-3.

RESULTSPatients' characteristics were similar between the two groups. The overall response rate was 46.2% in the TP group and 42.1% in the GP group. There was no statistically significant difference in response rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). The major cytotoxicity was leukopenia in the TP group and thrombocytopenia in the GP group.

CONCLUSIONSBoth TP and GP regimens are effective for advanced NSCLC and have no significant difference. The side effects of the two regimens are different but all adverse reactions are tolerable.

OBJECTIVETo establish a gas chromatography method for simultaneous determination of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in Viscum coloratum by cloud-point extraction (CPE).

METHODPesticides were extracted with the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100. The apparatus was gas chromatography with electron capture detector and the separation was performed on an Hp-5 column. The pesticide residues were calculated by external standard method.

RESULTGood linear relation was obtained over the range of 5-500 microg L(-1) for organochlorine and 10-1,000 microg L(-1) for pyrethroid. The limits of detection was 1.5-7.5 microg kg(-1). The average recoveries of organochlorine and pyrethroid were 74.15% -111.6% with corresponding RSD of 4.0% -9.1%.

CONCLUSIONThe sample and rapid method was applied to pesticide residues determination.

Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Limit of Detection ; Octoxynol ; chemistry ; Pesticide Residues ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Viscum ; chemistry

Background and purpose:Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), which has been found over-expressed in a variety of cancer cells, takes part in the drug resistance of cancer through effux of anticancer drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of human glioblastoma cells sensitivity to pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester (MPPa)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) eradicating tumour cells and its relationship to ABCG2.Methods:U87 and A172 glioma cell lines in the logarithmic growth phase were selected and exposed to the treatment of MPPa-PDT and MPPa-PDT+fumitremorgin C (FTC) respectively. The cell viability was measured with the use of CCK-8 assay. The expression of ABCG2 was detected by Western blot. The intracellular contents of MPPa in each group without illumination were tested by lfow cytometry. Flow cytometry with AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI double staining was used to detect the cell apoptotic rate. DCFH-DA staining was used to assess the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS).Results:The MPPa-mediated PDT could eradicate A172 and U87 cancer cells in an energy-dependent manner. The light energy density in A172 was 8 times of that in U87 when the cell viability reached median lethal dose after MPPa-mediated PDT. The high expression of ABCG2 in A172 cells affected the accumulation of intracellular MPPa. Inhibition of ABCG2, not only could enhance the eradicating effect of MPPa-PDT on A172 cells, but also could increase the yield of ROS triggered by MPPa-PDT and the accumulation of intracellular MPPa.Conclusion:The human glioblastoma cell line A172 is insensitive to MPPa-mediated PDT. The mechanism may relate to ABCG2, which decreases the MPPa content in cancer cells through effux of MPPa, resulting in decline of cytotoxicity.

Objective:To investigate the level of hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in serum of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to explore the relationship between hs-CRP level and clinical characteristics and prognosis.Methods:The clinical data of 96 patients with NSCLC (NSCLC group), 50 patients with benign lung disease (benign lung disease group) and 45 normal subjects (control group) from August 2015 to August 2019 were analyzed. The expression of hs-CRP in serum were detected by immunofluorescence immunoassay. The tumor markers carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125), cytokeratin-19 fragment antigen (Cyfra21-1), neuronspecific enolase (NSE)were measured using automatic biochemical immunoassay. The relationship between hs-CRP and age, gender, tumor pathological type, clinical stage, imaging relief in patients with NSCLC were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of hs-CRP combined with CEA, CA125, Cyfra21-1 and NSE were calculated.Results:The levels of hs-CRP in NSCLC group and benign lung disease group were higher than that in control group [(14.9 ± 7.5), (26.4 ± 10.2) mg/L vs. (5.1 ± 1.3) mg/L], and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05 or <0.01); the level of hs-CRP in NSCLC group was lower than that in benign lung disease group [(14.9 ± 7.5) mg/L vs. (26.4 ± 10.2) mg/L], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The levels of CEA, CA125, Cyfra21-1, NSE in NSCLC group were higher than that in benign lung disease group and control group, and there were significant differences ( P<0.01 or<0.05). In 96 patients with NSCLC, there was 49 patients with elevated hs-CRP (hs-CRP elevated group) and 47 patients with normal hs-CRP (hs-CRP normal group). Single factor analysis showed that the level of hs-CRP had no correlation with age, gender and tumor pathological type ( P>0.05), but had correlation with clinical stage ( P<0.05). After detecting the lesions by CT, the rate of solid tumors in hs-CRP elevated group was 66.0%, in hs-CRP normal group was 40.8%, and there was significant difference ( χ2 = 6.089, P<0.05).After followed up for 2 months in NSCLC patients, the disease control rate in hs-CRP elevated group was 59.6%, in hs-CRP normal group was 85.7%, and there was significant difference ( χ2 = 8.300, P<0.01). The ensitivity, specificity and accuracy of hs-CRP combined with CEA, CA125, Cyfra21-1 and NSE was 89.0%, 80.4% and 82.3%. Conclusions:Patients with NSCLC have high expression of hs-CRP, which is correlated with disease progression and clinical treatment. The indicator of hs-CRP combined with CEA, CA125, Cyfra21-1 and NSE may be important for diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of aquaporin (AQP)-1, 3, 8, 9 in human fetal membrane and their role in the human amniotic fluid circulation.

METHODSRT-PCR was employed for detection of the expressions of AQP-1, 3, 8, 9 mRNA in human amnion and chorion from 20 women with normal term pregnancy.

RESULTSAQP-1, 3, 8, 9 mRNA expression was detected in both human amnion and chorion, and no significant difference was found in their expression levels or between the amnion and chorion (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONAQP-1, 3, 8, 9 can be associated with intramembranous transport and volume regulation of amniotic fluid.

Adult ; Amnion ; embryology ; metabolism ; Aquaporin 1 ; genetics ; Aquaporin 3 ; genetics ; Aquaporins ; genetics ; Chorion ; embryology ; metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Extraembryonic Membranes ; embryology ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

BACKGROUNDTubulointerstitial renal fibrosis is the common end point of progressive kidney diseases, and tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (TEMT) plays a key role in the progress of tubulointerstitial renal fibrosis. Anaphylatoxin C3a and C5a are identified as novel profibrotic factors in renal disease and as potential new therapeutic targets. The aim of this study was to investigate whether C3a, C5a can regulate TEMT by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β)/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) signaling pathway and the effects of C3a and C5a receptor antagonists (C3aRA and C5aRA) on C3a- and C5a-induced TEMT.

METHODSHK-2 cells were divided into C3a and C5a groups which were subdivided into four subgroups: control group, 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 group, 50 nmol/L C3a group, 50 nmol/L C3a plus 1 µmol/L C3aRA group; control group, 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 group, 50 nmol/L C5a group, 50 nmol/L C5a plus 2.5 µmol/L C5aRA group. TGF-β1 receptor antagonist (TGF-β1RA) 10 µg/ml was used to investigate the mechanism of C3a- and C5a-induced TEMT. Electron microscopy was used to observe the morphological changes. Immunocytochemistry staining, real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of a smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), E-cadherin, Col-I, C3a receptor (C3aR), C5aR, CTGF and TGF-β1.

RESULTSHK-2 cells cultured with C3a and C5a for 72 hours exhibited strong staining of α-SMA, lost the positive staining of E-cadherin, and showed a slightly spindle-like shape and loss of microvilli on the cell surface. The expressions of α-SMA, E-cadherin, Col-I, C3aR, C5aR, TGF-β1 and CTGF in C3a- and C5a-treated groups were higher than normal control group (P < 0.05). C3aRA and C5aRA inhibited the expressions of α-SMA, Col-I, C3aR, C5aR, and up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin (P < 0.05). TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA expressions induced by C3a and C5a were partly blocked by TGF-β1RA (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONC3a and C5a can induce TEMT via the up-regulations of C3aR and C5aR mRNA and the activation of TGF-β1/CTGF signaling pathway in vitro.

Blotting, Western ; Cadherins ; genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Transdifferentiation ; drug effects ; Complement C3a ; pharmacology ; Complement C5a ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Myofibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction