Objective To explore the mechanism of macro-reentry atrial tachycardia and to guide catheter ablation using electroanatomic mapping system in 3 patients.Methods Three patients(two females),aged 51?12 years,with atrial tachycardia were included.The mean history of symptom was 19?11 years.Conventional electrophysiological study was performed to determine the location of atrial tachycardia before the three dimensional geometry reconstruction.After voltage and activation maps were constructed,the mechanism of tachycardia was analyzed and the slow conduction areas(critical isthmus) were verified.Radiofrequency energy was delivered using irrigated-tip catheter.Results Though there was no evidence to suggest structural heart diseases,scar areas were found in the mapped atria in all the three cases.The mechanism of atrial tachycardia was found to be counter-clockwise macro-reentry around tricuspid valve,counter-clockwise macro-reentry around superior vena cava,and figure "8" reentry in left atria in the 3 patients respectively.The respective critical isthmus was found to be between the lateral scar and tricuspid valve,the lateral scar and superior vena cava,and two scars on the left atria roof.Ablation in the critical isthmus terminated all tachycardia.There were no atrial tachycardia recurrence during a follow-up of 9-10 months.Conclusion The substrate and electrophysiological mechanism of macro-reentry atrial tachycardia could be identified clearly,and navigation ablation could be performed effectively under the guidence of electroanatomic mapping.

Objective To assess the effect of Ambroxol combined with Naloxone on respiratory insufficiency on premature infants. Methods A total of 168 premature infants treated from 2006 to 2009 in our hospital were divided into two groups randomly. Additionally to the conventional treatment, Ambroxol (5 mg pertime) combined with Naloxone (0.1mg pertime) intravenously injected 2 to 3 times one day for 3 to 5 days in the treatment group(86 cases). The control group (82 cases) was treated by routine Aminophylline injection,3- 5 mg/kg pertime, 2 to 3 times one day. Respiratory rates, regulately or not,breathholding, cyanosis and apnea,mechanically ventilated time,time of oxygen inhaling, time of hospital stay and the overall response rate were measured. Results The overall response rate was 80% (69/86) in the treatment group and 56% (46/82)in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Mechanically ventilated time,time of oxygen inhaling and hospital stay in the treatment group was (110.5±45.1) hrs, (169.3±58.6) hrs and ( 12±3) days, which were all significantly lower than that in the control group ( 181.1±81.2) hrs, (236.6±87.8)hrs and (16±5)days,respectively(P＜0.01 or 0.05). Conclusion Ambroxol and Naloxobe additional to conventional treatment could improve the respiratory function in premature infants with respiratory insufficiency safely with less side effects. Moreover,breathing machine could be removed to some extent,which made it more applicable in primary hospitals.

Objective To summarize the nursing experience in prehospital first-aid of patients with cardiac traumas in order to improve the cooperation capability of prehospital first-aid. Methods The nursing cooperation of prehospital first-aid of 33 patients with cardiac trauma was analyzed retrospec-tively. Results 24 cases of them were rescued successfully, and were completely recovered without se-quelas. 4 cases complicated with severe multiple trauma, died after arriving at hospital, and 3 cases com-plicated with multiple trauma died of complications, while 2 cases with injury of thoracic aorta died during the surgery. Conclusions Early emergency treatment and judgment of traumatic condition could pro-vide valuable chance for inhospital first-aid.

Objective To explore the repair effect of methylcobalamin treatment of nerve after spinal cord injury.Methods 108 cases of patients with acute spinal cord injury were selected treated in our hospital from 2010 April to 2014 April , including 60 cases of male, female 48 cases, were randomly divided into Mecobalamin group(n=56) and control group(n=52), mecobalamin group was treat with a cobalt amine, control group was given conventional treatment (dexamethasone intravenous drip note).According to American spinal cord injury score (ASIA) to set sensory function, motor function and spinal cord function score criteria, observed and record ed the sensory function, motor function, recovery of neurological function and complications the two groups of patients were treated for 6 weeks and followed up for 6 months.Results Spinal cord injury patients after 6 weeks and 6 months follow-up, the improvement of sensory and motor function of mecobalamin group were significantly better than the control group ( P <0.01 );Mecobalamin group patients after first to 3 weeks of recovery of neurological function was higher than those of the control group (P<0.05);the 2 groups were found urinary tract infections, lung infections, vomiting, reaction of ulcer complications, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05).Conclusion In patients with acute spinal cord injury treated by mecobalamin treatment can improve the nerve function damage condition, improve the prognosis and quality of life.

ObjectiveTo study the mastery, acquiring ways and need of studying the knowl-edge and skill of emergency treatment in non- medical junior college and technical secondary school students. MethodsThe survey was carried out in 600 non-medical junior college and technical sec-ondary school students to investigate their mastery and need of emergency knowledge, the results underwent analysis. ResultsThe mastery of the emergency knowledge was uneven in non- medical junior college and technical secondary school students. 100.0% of them can call 120 correcdy, 58.5% of them mastered the e-mergency treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning, and 25.0% mastered cardiac pulmonary resuscitation. All the students desired to hold the knowledge and skill of emergency treatment. Television, broadcast and internet were the main ways for them to master emergency knowledge. ConclusionsThe mastery of the knowledge and skill of emergency treatment is not good. It is urgent to educate and train them with the knowledge and skill of emergency treatment, and to improve knowledge and skill of emergency treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of ligustrazine injection(LTZ)on DNA synthesis of vascular endothelial cell.METHODS:In vitro cultured cell line of human umbilical vein endothelial cells,ECV304,were adopted to measure the ef?fects of LTZ on DNA synthesis by 3 H-TdR incorporation.RESULTS:LTZ could inhibit DNA synthesis of ECV304in a dose-dependent manner.CONCLUSION:The mechanism of anti-angiogenesis of LTS might be associated with inhibiting DNA synthesis of vascular endothelial cell.

Objective To evaluate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression on varicose recurrence in esophagus after devascularization in portal hypertensive rats. Methods Murine pre-hepatic portal hypertension (PHPH) was induced by partial portal vein stenosis. 3 weeks after the establishment of the PHPH, all rats including sham operation group (SO) underwent devascularization. Esophagus was sampled at the time of 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 30, 90 days after devascularization respectively. The expression of VEGF and factor Ⅷ related antigen (FⅧAg) was detected by immunohistochemistry,and the microvessel density (MVD) was counted under FⅧAg staining. ResultsCompared to the SO rats, the MVD of esophagus in PHPH rats increased significantly before devascularization(P0.05). At the third month after devascularization, the MVD of PHPH rats was higher than that of SO rats. In SO rats, MVD increased after devascularization, reaching the peak on the third day and then levelling off.The expression of VEGF before devascularization in PHPH rats was significantly higher than in SO rats, and VEGF experssion was on the pinnacle in two groups after devascularization, but the expression time of PHPH rats was significantly longer than SO rats(P

Objective To discuss the correlation of the p53 overexpression and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection with the occurrence, development of the vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in elderly women. Methods Samples from 68 patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks from 38 patients with vulvar dystrophy were determined by immunohistochemistry. HPV infection was examined with monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. Fifteen normal vulvar skin samples were used as controls. Results Positive expression rate of p53 and HPV in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma samples were 54.4% and 45.6% respectively, in the dystrophy samples were 18.4% and 55.3% respectively. All showed significant difference between the two groups. None was positive in the controls. Conclusions There are high expression of p53 and HPV in the elderly women with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. p53 mutation and high risk HPV infection play an important role in the development of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To construct the multi-epitope antigen(mea) gene of G2 glycoprotein of Hantavirus SEO type L99 strain.Methods The B cell epitopes was chosen and connected by three-peptide GPG after the amino acid sequence of G2 protein was analyzed and predicted by bioinformatical soft wares.The corresponding gene mea was constructed by overlap PCR,and cloned into the prokaryotic expression plasmid pET32a(+).Results The mea gene was successfully constructed by the five epitopes being chosen.The recombinant plasmid pET32a-mea was acquired by directional cloning.Conclusion The mea and its expression system E.coli BL21/pET32a-mea were constructed for the first time.The foundation was laid for the expression of the mea and its immunological applications.

Objective To investigate the effect of hemodialysis(HD) on the endothelial cells of the patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD). Methods The study population consisted of 30 patients with undergoing first hemodialysis treatment and 20 healthy individuals from March to November of 2003.The number of circulating endothelial cells(CEC) and the concentration of von Willebrand factor(vWF) were measured in HD patients at predialysis,1h during HD,2h during HD,and the end of HD.CEC and vWF were observed in healthy subjects. Results CEC and vWF were increased in HD patients compared with healthy individuals,and elevated continuously during HD.Increased CEC and vWF were correlated significantly with duration of HD. Conclusion Endothelial cell dysfunction exists in the patients with ESRD.HD procedures may cause endothelial cell damage.