Objective: By sorting and analyzing pertinent modern studies targeting auricular point therapy treating primary insomnia (PI), to summarize the point selection rules and clinical efficacy of using auricular points alone or combining it with other therapies in treating PI. Methods: A search on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP), PubMed, Springer and Ovid were conducted from January 1, 1998 till January 31, 2020. Point selection, diagnostic criteria and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) in the eligible studies were analyzed and summarized. Results: The difference in PSQI before and after using auricular point therapy alone was more significant than that of using Chinese medication alone (P<0.05), but less significant than that of combining auricular point therapy and acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese therapeutic massage (tuina) (P<0.05). In the included studies, Shenmen (TF4) was the most commonly used (370 times), followed by Heart (CO15), which was 344 times, and Subcortex (AT4), which was 325 times. In terms of auricular points distribution, points in the auricular concha were the most commonly used (1500 times), followed by those in the antitragus (474 times) and triangular fossa (387 times). Correlation analysis showed that Shenmen (TF4) and Liver (CO12), Sympathetic (AH6a) and Heart (CO15) were used together more often, followed by Shenmen (TF4), Liver (CO12), Spleen (CO13), Kidney (CO10) and Subcortex (AT4), and then Shenmen (TF4), Liver (CO12), Sympathetic (AH6a), Subcortex (AT4) and Heart (CO15). Cluster analysis showed that the auricular points used for PI can be divided into 6 clusters in 2 major groups. One group was Heart (CO15), Subcortex (AT4), Shenmen (TF4), Sympathetic (AH6a), Spleen (CO13), Kidney (CO10), Liver (CO12) and Endocrine (CO18); the other was Occiput (AT3), Stomach (CO4), Pancrease-gallbladder (CO11), Chuiqian (LO4), Small Intestine (CO6), Central Rim (AT2,3,4i) and Sanjiao (CO17). In terms of patterns in traditional Chinese medicine, the pattern of dual deficiency of heart and spleen accounted for the largest proportion in the studies of using auricular points alone or combining it with other treatments to treatment PI, and then it was the pattern of liver depression transforming into fire. Conclusion: In treatment of PI with auricular points alone or combo therapy involving auricular points, Shenmen (TF4) was commonly used, and the commonly used point group consisted of Shenmen (TF4), Liver (CO12), Sympathetic (AH6a) and Heart (CO15). Auricular point therapy can be taken as a complementary therapy in treating PI.

BACKGROUND:Researches on attentional blink (AB) emphasized the importance of the distractors directly following targets and that of the leading distractors in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) streams in the production of the AB,but little has been mentioned about the subsequent distractors after the second target (except the one in direct succession to it).OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of subsequent distractors in RSVP stream on AB after the second target (T2).DESIGN: A randomized and controlled study.SETTING: Laboratory of Cognitive Science, South-central University for Nationalities.PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-five undergraduates aging 18-21 years with the mean age of 19 years were selected from South-central University for Nationalities. All undergraduates participated in the experiment did not have nervous mental diseases but had normal sight or corrected visual acuity; meanwhile, all of them provided the confirmed consent. The subjects were divided into experimental group (n =14) and control group (n =11). There were no significant differences between the two groups in age and sex (P ＞ 0.05).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Cognitive Science, South-central University for Nationalities from January to April 2007. ① Experimental intervention: The stimuli were RSVP streams consisted of digit distractors and two letter targets (T1 and T2). ② Experimental grouping: The experimental group participated in the omitted condition and the control group participated in the preserved condition. ③ Experimental analysis: One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the data for statistically significant difference in the same group, and t test was used to compare data between two groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Report accuracy of T1 and T2.RESULTS: A total of 25 subjects were involved in the final analysis. ① Report accuracy in the preserved condition:Correct identification of the first target, averaged across all lags, was 94.6%. The percentages of correct identification of the second target as a function of lag was high at Lag1 (92.7%), dropped dramatically at Lag2 (79.8%), then kept improving with increase of lag, revealing a significant effect of lag [F(4,40) = 10.98, P＜ 0.01]. ② Report accuracy in the omitted condition: Correct identification of the first target T1, averaged across all lags, was 96.2%. The percentages of correct identification of the second target as a function of lag, T2 report was high at Lag1 (94.4%), decreased at Lag2(84.4%), then improved at Lag3 (91.1%), but dropped remarkably again at Lag5 and Lag7 (44.9 vs. 43.9%), revealing a significant effect of lag [F (4,52) = 224.0, P ＜ 0.01]. ③ Comparison of the results in two conditions: T2 accuracy in the omitted condition was significantly lower than that in the preserved condition at Lag5 [t (23)=34.44, P ＜ 0.01], and Lag7 [t (23)=42.56, P ＜ 0.01], but did not differ from each other at Lag1 [t (23)=0.65, P ＞ 0.05], at Lag2 [t (23)=1.04, P ＞0.05], and at Lag3 [t (23)=0.64, P ＞ 0.05].CONCLUSION: The absence of subsequent distractors after T2 can introduce a bias on the attentional status of subjects to bring the T2 accuracy down to unusual low level at long lags.

Objective To discuss the clinical application of polynomial curves fitting.Methods Based on the experiments of TBIL, ALT, DBIL and Cr,the linear experimental data were polynomial fitted.Results The optimal polynomial of TBIL is y=-3.886+7.544x , and the evaluation is linear 1; The optimal polynomial of ALT is y=5.293+25.897x-0.043 x~2, and the evaluation is linear 2;The optimal polynomial of DBIL is y=-2.950+1.688x+0.011x~2, and it′s non-linear; The optimum polynomial of Cr is y=11.654+14.512x-0.010 x~2, and the evaluation is inexactitude.Conclusion The polynomial fitting curve is the perfect linear evaluation method. It guarantees both the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results, and is more suitable to clinic.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of laparoscopic extirpation for mammary multiple fibroadenoma. Methods A total of 12 patients with multiple fibroadenoma that were diagnosed by ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration were enrolled in this study. Through an axillary small incision, the air was inflated into the retromammary space, which had been obtusely separated to build a surgical space. Then, 58 fibroadenomas were resected under a laparoscope. Frozen-section examination was carried out during the operation. Results All the masses of the 12 patients were laparoscopically extirpated successfully, without operative complications. The operation time was 40-150 minutes with a mean of 80 minutes. One month after the operation, the shape of the breast looked well and the sensation of the nipple remained normal. During a 1- to 36-month follow-up (mean 18.5 months), none of the patients had scars on the breast or tumor recurrence. All of them were satisfied with the cosmetic results. Conclusion Laparoscopic extirpation of mammary multiple fibroadenoma through the retromammary space is safe and feasible.

Using gene fusion technology, polypeptide fusion tags can be engineered into target proteins at the genetic level.The resultant recombinant proteins may possess the biochemical properties of the imported fusion tags.Therefore, it is possible to take advantage of fusion tags to improve and evaluate protein expression, to detect and track protein targets, and to purify and characterize proteins.However, it is necessary to eliminate any influence of the fusion tag in structural characterization experiments or in isolating pharmaceutical proteins.Scientists must therefore remove fusion tags prior to structural and functional analyses when fusion tags are suspected of interfering with the biological activity of a protein or influencing its behavior.The fusion tag can be removed by several methods including harsh chemical treatment, mild enzymatic cleavage by endoprotease or exoprotease, and intein-mediated self-cleavage.Here the literature is reviewed in relation to principles, applications, and approaches of each method.

This paper introduces a virtual instrument based on VC++, which can be used to measure the working memory capacity of visual modality, auditory modality and mixed modalities, thus a convenient and cheap method for working capacity measurement in clinical and psychological applications is provided.

Hereditary disease, especially monogenic disease is one of the major causes for malformation and disability of children. Most hereditary diseases have no effective therapy besides clinical symptomatic treatment. Biological techniques targeting casual genes or related signaling genes, such as transgenic, RNA interfere, genome editing, have been successfully applied in treating some hereditary diseases. However, most biological, treatments were carried out in animals, further confirmation of the effectiveness and safety of these therapies, and development of more therapeutic approaches based on mechanisms are needed before clinical trials.
Animals ; Biological Therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; therapy ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans

In the presence of ZnO nanoparticles ( ZnO NPs ) and EDTA, luminol could produce strong chemiluminescence ( CL) without any oxidant. Therefore, a new CL system was established based on luminol-EDTA-ZnO NPs. As caffeic acid could strongly inhibit the CL, a flow injection CL method for the determination of caffeic acid was proposed. Under the optimized conditions, the relative CL intensity was linear over the logarithm of concentration of caffeic acid ranging from 1 . 0í10-7 mol/L to 1 . 0í10-5 mol/L with the detection limit of 1. 8í10-8 mol/L (3σ). The relative standard deviation (RSD) for the determination of 4 . 0í10-7 mol/L caffeic acid was 3 . 5% ( n=11 ) . The new method was successfully applied to determine the caffeic acid content in the tablets with the recoveries in the range of 97%-101%.

Objective To observe the antioxidative effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) on motor function after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods 36 healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into EGb group (group A), methylprednisolone (MP) group (group B) and control group (group C) with 12 rats in each group. SCI model was made by Allen's mode (10 g×25 mm) at the level of the 9th thoracic vertebra (T9). Group A was given 40 mg/kg EGb daily by intraperitoneal injection, while group B was given 30 mg/kg MP at the first injection and then 5.4 mg/kg every 6 hours for 4 times. Group C received an equal volume of normal saline daily. On the 1st, 3rd and 7th days after SCI, 4 rats were selected randomly from each group. The motor function were assessed by Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale (BBB). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were determined. Results At every time point after surgery, the BBB scores were significantly higher in groups A and B than in group C (P<0.05). Compared to group C,the activity of SOD increased and the content of MDA decreased significantly in groups A and B on the 3rd and 7th days after SCI (P<0.05).Conclusion EGb may reduce the level of oxidative stress and promote the recovery of the motor function in rats after SCI.

AIM The proofs of evidence-based medicine of Qingkailing Injection's effect on viral hepatitis are lack in spite of the wide use of Qingkailing Injection in medical practice.This study aims to use Meta-analysis to evaluate its clinical effect and safety.METHODS Such databases as CNKI,VIP and Wanfang were searched for randomized controlled trials related to Qingkailing Injection in treatment of viral hepatitis,which were published officially between 1996--2016.Revman 5.3 software was used to conduct Meta-analysis for the effective rate,rate of adverse reaction,the decrease rate of ALT,AST and TBIL of Qingkailing Injection.Meanwhile,subgroup analysis was conducted to the clinical effect of doses [＜ 0.5 mL/(kg · d),0.5-0.67 mL/(kg · d),＞0.67 mL/(kg · d)],treatment courses (≤ 14 d,＞ 14 d),manufacturers (Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Factory,Shenwei Pharmaceutical Company,Shanxi Taihang Pharmaceutical Company),year (1996 to 2002,2003 to 2009,2010 to 2016).RESULTS Fourteen studies were included according to the criterion.The results of Meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate,the decrease rate of ALT,AST and TBIL in Qingkailing Injection group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Whereas,no significiant differences were found between Qingkailing Injection group and the control group of its rate of adverse reaction (P ＞ 0.05).Subgroup-analysis showed that the effective rate of Qingkailing in doses subgroup,treatment courses subgroup,manufacturers subgroup and year subgroup were significantly higher than those of the control group.CONCLUSION Qingkailing Injection has obvious benefit in the treatment of viral hepatitis,which can reduce the activity of ALT and AST,also can reduce the content of TBIL.But we should pay attention to the prevention of allergic reaction in the clinical use.