The blood-brain barrier (BBB) exerts its central nervous system (CNS) protective function as it hinders the delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents to the brain. With the development of nanotechnology during the last thirty years, the nanocarriers for delivering drugs make it possible to transport drugs across the BBB. The brain-targeted drug delivery system usually consists of two parts: nanocarriers and brain-targeted strategies. In this review, several kinds of nanocarriers are introduced for brain-targeted drug delivery. We focus on several possible strategies for brain-targeting and comment on their advantages and disadvantages in application.

Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective To investigate the relationship of iPTH levels, calcium and phosphorus metabolism with cardiovascular event status in the chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. Methods This article retrospectivly studied the clinical and laboratory data of 87 CRF patients. 66 patients of A group didnt occur cardiovascular events,and 21 cases of B group occurred cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. This article analyzed iPTH levels,serum calcium, phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus product and therelationship between cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events between the two groups. Results Decreased iPTH,increased serum C reactive protein and increased lipoprotein(a) had relationship with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with chronic renal failure,but calcium,phosphorus,calcium and phosphorus product has nothing to do with the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events increased significantly in dialysis patients than in non - dialysis patients. Conclusiou Chronic renal failure patients on dialysis levels of serum iPTH, CRP level, LP(a) level and dialysis could lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

Lipoxygenase(LO) pathway had been implicated in the pathogenesis of such cardiovascular diseases as hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis, and palys and important role in the development of these disease. LO inhibitiors could suppress vascular contractile responses significantly, reduce blood pressure, inhibit migration of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC), attenuate neointimal thickening in the injuried arteries and generation reactive oxygen species(ROS), block monocyte binding to VSMC, etc. The effects of LO inhibitors were associated with marked inhibition of MAPK pathway. Therefore, inhibition of LO pathway may provide a new strategy for preventing and treating above diseases, suggesting that LO mat be a novel taget for such purposes.

Objective To evaluate the performance of the target controlled infusion(TCI) system with midazolam during combined spinal and epidural anesthesia. Methods Twenty female patients scheduled for selective lower abdominal or pelvic surgery under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia were enrolled in this study. They use combined spinal and epidural anesthesia with target controlled infusion of midazolam sedation. Midazolam plasma concentration was set at 100ng/ml. Blood pressure,heart rate, pulse oxygen saturation were monitored during anesthesia and operation. We use BIS as a pharmacodynamic value of midazolam sedation. Blood samples were taken from radial arterial for analysis of plasma midazolam concentration during infusion. Midazolam plasma concentration were tested by high performance liquid chromatography. Results MDPE of target controlled infusion with midazolam with Burher parameters was 38.7%, MDAPE was 38.7%,and wobble is 24.9% in Chinese female patients. Conclusions Burher parameters of midazolam target controlled infusion system should be correct, then can be used for our country female patients conscious sedation accurately.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expressions of glucose transporter protein-1 ,vascular endothelial growth factor in pancreatic cancer and the clinical indicators.Methods Im-munohistochemical staining was done in glucose transporter protein-1,vascular endothelial growth factor in pancreatic cancer and normal pancreas tissues.Results Glucose transporter protein-1,vascular endothelial growth factor of pancreatic cancer were expressed higher than that in normal tissue.The difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).VEGF expression was related with lymph node metastasis,not with tumor grade,clinical stage(P<0.05).Glut-1 expression was related with tumor size,clinical stage and lymph node metastasis,not with pathological grading(P< 0.05).Conclusions Glucose transporter protein-1 ,vascular endothelial growth factor in pancreatic cancer are highly expressed .Both of them may participate in occurrence and development in pancreatic cancer.

Objective To retrospectively compare the clinical results of locking plate of proximal humerus (LPPH) and traditional AO plates in treatment of proximal humerus fractures in aged osteoporotic population. Methods From July 2002 to May 2005, 37 old osteoporotic patients with humerus fractures were treated with LPPH and traditional AO plates respectively in our department. The results were compared retrospectively. Results Follow-ups were conducted six weeks, 12 weeks and one year postoperatively to assess shoulder scores, bone healing and necrosis of humerus head. Comparison showed that the results for LPPH group were statistically better than those for traditional AO plate group in rate of implant loosening and SPADI (shoulder pain and disability index) scores. Conclusion LPPH has an obvious advantage over traditional AO plate in treatment of proximal humerus fractures in aged osteoporotic people.

This study was aimed to observe the effect of Softening Liver and Reducing Enzyme Mixed Agent (SLREXA) in the prevention of acute liver injury rats induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). A total of 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, which were the SLREXA low-, middle-, high-dose group, glucurolactone group, normal group and model group. Intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 was used to induce acute liver injury rat mod-el. Intragastric administration of SLREXA was given to each Chinese medicine group. Intragastric administration of distilled water was given to the normal group and the model group. Intragastric administration of glucurolactone aque-ous solution was given to the glucurolactone group. On the 12th day of the experiment, after 16-hour fasting, rats were killed. Pathological changes in liver tissues were examined. Blood serum was determined for alanine aminotrans-ferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The liver homogenate was determined for superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tis-sues of rats. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of mRNA in liver heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The re-sults showed that in the microscopic examination of liver tissues, compared with the model group, different doses of SLREXA can alleviate pathological damages of liver in varying degrees. Levels of blood serum ALT and AST content in different doses of SLREXA groups and glucurolactone group were significantly lower than those of the model group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, contents of GSH-Px, GSH, SOD, CAT in the liver ho-mogenate were significantly increased, and MDA content was decreased significantly (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01) in differ-ent doses of SLREXA groups and glucurolactone group; compared with the model group, the HO-1 mRNA relative expression quantity in the normal group and each treatment group increased obviously, with statistical significance (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01). It was concluded that SLREXA can prevent CCl4-induced liver injury rats with definite thera-peutic effect.

Objective To investigate the transfection of human papilloma virus types 16E6 gene on the proliferation and apoptosis of cervical carcinoma cell line C33A. MethodsPlasmid pcDNA3-HPV16E6 was stably transfected into C33A cells by liposome, and the expression of HPV16E6 mRNA and protein in the transfected cells, the cells transfected with blank vector and the cells without transfection were identified by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The growth, proliferation and cell cycles of the 3 kinds of C33A cells were by cell growth curve plotting and flow cytometry analysis. ResultsC33A cells were transfected stably by liposome with plasmid pcDNA3-HPV16E6 (C33A-E6 cells)and plasmid pcDNA3 (C33A-P cells). The growth of C33A-E6 cells was more rapid than those of C33A-P and C33A cells (P0.05). ConclusionHPV16E6 is involved in the cell cycle probably through some signal pathways, and promotes cell division and proliferation of C33A cells.

Objective To investigate the effects of the cognitive behavior therapy on anxiety for postoperative patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant cancer in surgery intensive care unit. Methods A total of 82 patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor who accept surgery from January 2014 to September 2016 were chosen and averagely divided into intervention group with cognitive behavior therapy based on control group and control group taking routine nursing and general psychological care by random number table in SICU. The application of self-evaluation of anxiety scale (SAS) evaluation of anxiety level before and after the intervention in patients with and without improvement, and compare the two groups of stay in SICU patients satisfaction evaluation intervention is effective. Results Compared with control group, the cognitive behavioral therapy, after intervention group patients with SAS scoring[(50.56 ± 6.52) ]points SAS scores than the control group [(57.51 ± 6.11)] points decrease, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 01);intervention group check in SICU satisfaction (97.6％,40/41) also better than the control group (90.2％, 37/41), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=7.527, P < 0.05). Conclusion cognitive behavioral therapy can effectively reduce the anxiety of postoperative patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant cancer in SICU, and effectively improve the comfort level and satisfaction in SICU.