The occurrence of breast cancer is closely related to genetic factors.BRCA1 and BRCA2,breast cancer susceptibility genes,play important roles in the occurrence and development of breast cancer.The researches on germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are of great significance in prevention,diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.

为提高我院康复科护士的护理水平，采用康复理论学习、技术操作及其分别考核的方法，对护士进行继续教育。结果经统计学t检验，P＜0．01，有显著性差异。证明对护士进行继续教育和考核有明显的提高作用，应予推广实施。

Objective To investigate the ultrastructural changes of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and its permeability in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and explore the relation between these changes and hypertensive retinopathy. Methods The ultrastructure of RPE cells in the SHR aged five、six、seven months was observed with transmission electronmicroscope and compared to its normotensive control strain(WKY) with the same age.Then, lanthanum tracer procedures were carried out to investigate pathological changes of the blood retinal barrier. Results ①In SHR the main pathological changes involved swelling of mitochondria, enlargement of endoplasmic reticula,decrease of RPE cell infolding, and sparseness of microvilli. These degenerations were more serious in older rats with higher blood pressure.②The breakdown of outer blood retinal barrier with permeation of lanthanum tracers were evident in SHR aged six or seven month, however, in WKY and five month SHR the traces were preven ted from passing by tight junctions. Conclusion The degeneration of RPE owing to ischemia and anoxia arises in early period of hypertensive retinopathy. The pathological changes of ultrastructure and permeability might interact with the damage of visual cells and play a main role in the hypertensive retinopathy.

Objective To discriminate Rhizoma Pinelliae from its relative species by electrophoro-gram of protein.Methods Using isoelectrofocusing(IEF) technology to compare the electrophorogram of tuber of Pinellia ternata produced in different habitats and from its relative plants then determining the pH values.Results The IEF electrophorogram of Rhizoma Pinelliae was stable with eight clear characteristic protein bands and had obvious differences from the electrophorogram of the tubers of its relative plants.Conclusion The IEF electrophoresis of Rhizoma Pinelliae can be used as the distinguishing basis.The PI value of the characteristic protein of P.ternana offers the basic parameter for separation and purification of the protein in Rhizoma Pinelliae.

Objective To investigate the viral pathogens of children with community acquired pneumonia(CAP) in dalian city during the last year in hospital,and provide evidences to clinical empirical therapy.Methods Some patients of department of respiratory.in Dalian children's hospital were devided into four groups from May 2007 to 2008.Serum virus antibodies were detected after 1 week of natural course of disease.Results In 280 cases who were detected for viral IgM antibodies,the positive rate was 28.2%.It was mainly consist with respiratory syncytial virus,adenovirus,and parainfluenza virus.The ratio of virus infection in school age group(54.0%) was higher than that in other groups.The second is in toddler age.Conclusion Virus are significant pathogens in CAP of children.The most common viral agent is respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),and the next one is adenovirus(ADV).The ratio of virus infection in school age group is the highest.We should give anti-virus and propotional supportive treatment to these children promptly.

To study the mechanism of therapeutie effect of compound "Huang Dai" tablet in acute promyelocytic leukemia, twenty one patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia were treated with compound "Huang Dai" tablet. Bone marrow cells of the patients were collected before treatment and after treatment, and membrane differentiating antigen (CD33 and CD11b), cell cycle and the apoptosis correlative protein(Fas and Apo 2.7 )were detected with flow cytometry. Results showed that the expression of CD33 was decreased and that of CD11b increased, G 2 /M phase of cell cycle was blocked, and the expressions of Fas and Apo 2.7 protein were increased significantly in all patents after treatment with compound "Huang Dai" tablet. These results suggested that the mechanism of therapeutic effect of compound "Huang Dai" tablet in acute promyelocytic leukemia was induction of both differentiation and apoptosis of leukemic cells, and cell apoptosis might be related to Fas and Apo2.7 protein.

Objective To elucidate the mechanism of angiotensin (Ang) Ⅱ in regulation of renin synthesis and secretion in primary cultured juxtaglomerular granular cells (JGCs). Methods Mice JGCs were isolated and cultured as described before. Real-time PCR was used to demonstrate the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme (CE) and angiotencin receptor (AT1, AT2) in JGCs. Ang Ⅱ was co-cultured with JGCs stimulated by PGE2 and isoproternol or not. Renin activity in supernatant was detected by radioimmunoassay and renin mRNA expression was examined by real-time PCR. Different concentrations of Ang Ⅱ were co-cultured with JGCs with different time (1 h, 4 h and 24 h), cAMP in cell lysate and supernatant was measured by Cayman Cyclic AMP EIA Kit. The cytoplasmic calcium was decreased by BAPTA-AM, and increased by thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid, which could be used to observe the cAMP concentration affected by calcium. Adenylyl cyclase type 5, 6 (AC5, AC6) mRNA expression of JGCs co-cultured with Ang Ⅱ was measured by real-time PCR. Results Real-time PCR confirmed the expression of ACE and AT mRNA in JGCs of WT mice. Angiotensin Ⅱ reduced renin secretion in primary cultures of JGCs [(370.6±36.9) vs (299.6±25.7) ng AngI'ml~(-1)·h~(-1), P=0.014]. Angiotensin Ⅱ dose-dependently down-regulated forskolin-stimulated cAMP production in JGCs. Thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid decreased cAMP level. BAPTA-AM increased cAMP production obviously [(11.09±0.48) vs (3.55±0.47) nmol/L, P<0.01]. Ang Ⅱ inhibited AC5 mRNA expression by 42.12%, but did not inhibit AC6 mRNA expression. Conclusions Angiotensin Ⅱ can directly inhibit renin synthesis and secrestion maybe through reducing AC-stimulated cAMP levels. Crosstalk between calcium and cAMP system may exist in precise regulation of renin in JGCs.

Objective To investigate the pharyngeal bacterial pathogens of children's community acquired pneumonia(CAP)in hospital,and provide evidences to clinical empirical therapy.Methods Three hundred and fifty-nine patients with CAP were selected.Before the treatment,pharyngeal swabs was taken for culture to find bacteria,then to be done drug sensitivity quantitative test and examed the extended spectrum β lactamages(ESBLs).Results The positive rate was 21.7%(78/359)and bacteria was 82 strains.It was mainly consisted with gram negative bacteria(73.2%,60/82),and klebsiella pneumonia (30.5%,25/82).Streptococcus pneumonia(18.3%,15/82)was the most common in gram positive bacteria.Klebsiella pneumonia was resistant to amoxicillin.Drug resistance of ESBLs producing strains was increased.Streptococcus pneumonia was highly resistant to erythromycin,clindamycin,and tetracycline.The ratio of bacteria infection in infancy age(34.6%.47/136)was higher than others.Conclusions Gram negative bacteria is significant pharyngeal bacterial pathogens in CAP of children.The most common ono is klebsiella pneumonia,and the corresponding one in gram positive bacteria is streptococcus pneumonia.Clinical doctors should avoid using high antibiotic-resistance drugs.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of desloratadine citrate disodium tablets combined with narrow band ultraviolet B in the treatment of pityriasis rosea.Methods According to the digital table,88 pityriasis rosea patients were randomly divided into the two groups.45 cases of the study group were treated by desloratadine citrate disodium tablets combined with narrow ultraviolet B,43 cases of the control group were treated by desloratadine citrate disodium tablets alone.The both two groups applied Binghuangfule cream.The therapeutic effect and safety of the two groups were compared.Results The cure rate in study group was 71.11％,which of the control group was 51.16％,the difference was not statistically significant (x2 =3.69,P ＞ 0.05).The effective rate of the treatment group was 91.11％,which of the control group was 69.77％,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (x2 =6.43,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The result reveals that desloratadine citrate disodium tablets combined with narrow band ultraviolet B is more effective and worthy to be used in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the viral pathogens of children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in dalian city dur-ing the last year in hospital ,and provide evidences to clinical empirical therapy. Methods Some patients of department of respiratory, in Dalian children' s hospital were derided into four groups from May 2007 to 2008. Serum virus antibodies were detected after 1 week of nat-ural course of disease. Results In 280 cases who were detected for viral lgM antibodies, the positive rate was 28.2%. It was mainly con-sist with respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza virus. The ratio of virus infection in school age group (54.0%) was higher than that in other groups. The second is in toddler age. Conclusion Virus are significant pathogens in CAP of children. The most common viral agent is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and the next one is adenovirus (ADV). The ratio of virus infection in school age group is the highest. We should give anti - virus and propotional supportive treatment to these children promptly.