The occurrence of breast cancer is closely related to genetic factors.BRCA1 and BRCA2,breast cancer susceptibility genes,play important roles in the occurrence and development of breast cancer.The researches on germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are of great significance in prevention,diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.

为提高我院康复科护士的护理水平，采用康复理论学习、技术操作及其分别考核的方法，对护士进行继续教育。结果经统计学t检验，P＜0．01，有显著性差异。证明对护士进行继续教育和考核有明显的提高作用，应予推广实施。

Objective To investigate the ultrastructural changes of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and its permeability in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and explore the relation between these changes and hypertensive retinopathy. Methods The ultrastructure of RPE cells in the SHR aged five、six、seven months was observed with transmission electronmicroscope and compared to its normotensive control strain(WKY) with the same age.Then, lanthanum tracer procedures were carried out to investigate pathological changes of the blood retinal barrier. Results ①In SHR the main pathological changes involved swelling of mitochondria, enlargement of endoplasmic reticula,decrease of RPE cell infolding, and sparseness of microvilli. These degenerations were more serious in older rats with higher blood pressure.②The breakdown of outer blood retinal barrier with permeation of lanthanum tracers were evident in SHR aged six or seven month, however, in WKY and five month SHR the traces were preven ted from passing by tight junctions. Conclusion The degeneration of RPE owing to ischemia and anoxia arises in early period of hypertensive retinopathy. The pathological changes of ultrastructure and permeability might interact with the damage of visual cells and play a main role in the hypertensive retinopathy.

Objective To elucidate the mechanism of angiotensin (Ang) Ⅱ in regulation of renin synthesis and secretion in primary cultured juxtaglomerular granular cells (JGCs). Methods Mice JGCs were isolated and cultured as described before. Real-time PCR was used to demonstrate the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme (CE) and angiotencin receptor (AT1, AT2) in JGCs. Ang Ⅱ was co-cultured with JGCs stimulated by PGE2 and isoproternol or not. Renin activity in supernatant was detected by radioimmunoassay and renin mRNA expression was examined by real-time PCR. Different concentrations of Ang Ⅱ were co-cultured with JGCs with different time (1 h, 4 h and 24 h), cAMP in cell lysate and supernatant was measured by Cayman Cyclic AMP EIA Kit. The cytoplasmic calcium was decreased by BAPTA-AM, and increased by thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid, which could be used to observe the cAMP concentration affected by calcium. Adenylyl cyclase type 5, 6 (AC5, AC6) mRNA expression of JGCs co-cultured with Ang Ⅱ was measured by real-time PCR. Results Real-time PCR confirmed the expression of ACE and AT mRNA in JGCs of WT mice. Angiotensin Ⅱ reduced renin secretion in primary cultures of JGCs [(370.6±36.9) vs (299.6±25.7) ng AngI'ml~(-1)·h~(-1), P=0.014]. Angiotensin Ⅱ dose-dependently down-regulated forskolin-stimulated cAMP production in JGCs. Thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid decreased cAMP level. BAPTA-AM increased cAMP production obviously [(11.09±0.48) vs (3.55±0.47) nmol/L, P<0.01]. Ang Ⅱ inhibited AC5 mRNA expression by 42.12%, but did not inhibit AC6 mRNA expression. Conclusions Angiotensin Ⅱ can directly inhibit renin synthesis and secrestion maybe through reducing AC-stimulated cAMP levels. Crosstalk between calcium and cAMP system may exist in precise regulation of renin in JGCs.

Objective To investigate the pharyngeal bacterial pathogens of children's community acquired pneumonia(CAP)in hospital,and provide evidences to clinical empirical therapy.Methods Three hundred and fifty-nine patients with CAP were selected.Before the treatment,pharyngeal swabs was taken for culture to find bacteria,then to be done drug sensitivity quantitative test and examed the extended spectrum β lactamages(ESBLs).Results The positive rate was 21.7%(78/359)and bacteria was 82 strains.It was mainly consisted with gram negative bacteria(73.2%,60/82),and klebsiella pneumonia (30.5%,25/82).Streptococcus pneumonia(18.3%,15/82)was the most common in gram positive bacteria.Klebsiella pneumonia was resistant to amoxicillin.Drug resistance of ESBLs producing strains was increased.Streptococcus pneumonia was highly resistant to erythromycin,clindamycin,and tetracycline.The ratio of bacteria infection in infancy age(34.6%.47/136)was higher than others.Conclusions Gram negative bacteria is significant pharyngeal bacterial pathogens in CAP of children.The most common ono is klebsiella pneumonia,and the corresponding one in gram positive bacteria is streptococcus pneumonia.Clinical doctors should avoid using high antibiotic-resistance drugs.

Objective To investigate the viral pathogens of children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in dalian city dur-ing the last year in hospital ,and provide evidences to clinical empirical therapy. Methods Some patients of department of respiratory, in Dalian children' s hospital were derided into four groups from May 2007 to 2008. Serum virus antibodies were detected after 1 week of nat-ural course of disease. Results In 280 cases who were detected for viral lgM antibodies, the positive rate was 28.2%. It was mainly con-sist with respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza virus. The ratio of virus infection in school age group (54.0%) was higher than that in other groups. The second is in toddler age. Conclusion Virus are significant pathogens in CAP of children. The most common viral agent is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and the next one is adenovirus (ADV). The ratio of virus infection in school age group is the highest. We should give anti - virus and propotional supportive treatment to these children promptly.

Child ; Humans ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux ; therapy

Objective To clinically analyze the feature of paroxysmal hemicrania in order to improve our cognition toward it.Methods Eight patients,3 men,5 women,aging 17 to 74 years old,were prospectively analyzed over the past 2 years in our hospital.Results Their age of onset was from 9 to 60years old(mean 42.5±16.3).Seven of the 8 cases were treated with indomethacin,out of whom 5 got an immediate and complete response and one of them remitted partially.Another stopped taking indomethacin because of gastroenteric side effects.She was treated with verapamil and prednisone and partial relief was gained.Conclusions Paroxysmal hemicranial is a rare benign disorder.which needs our improved understanding.The patient who is diagnosed with paroxysmal hemicranial should firsfly receive indomethacin.and standard anti-cluster headache medications or other non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs is used if she/he can not get relief and (or)tolerate the adverse effects.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of determination of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels for primary liver carcinoma and metastatic liver cancer.Methods Serum CEA levels in 365 patients with liver cancer (273 with HCC and 92 with metastatic liver cancer accordingly) and 33 controls were determined with ELISA. Data were analysed with SPSS.Results Serum CEA levels were (7.52?18.04)?g/L in patients with liver cancer and (0.99?0.79)?g/L in controls. Taking 2.5 ?g/L as the cut-off level,the positive rate was 29.86% and 6.06% respectively. The values were significantly higher than those in controls (P

BACKGROUND: With the understanding of pathology of cervical diseases, cervical curvature has become one of
the important indexes of long-term clinical outcome. To restore and maintain cervical curvature has a profound impact on cervical long-term stabilization and cervical biomechanical environment.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term influence of selective consecutive three-level appliance of intervertebral Solis cage on cervical curvature for spondylotic myelopathy.
METHODS: From June 2008 to December 2010, 22 spondylotic myelopathy patients were treated with
consecutive three-level anterior cervical Solis fusion. There were 14 males, 8 females, with an average age of
45.1 years (ranged from 26-73 years). There were two cases of C2/3/4/5, seven cases of C3/4/5/6, 12 cases of C4/5/6/7, and one case of C5/6/7/T1 , total y 66 intervertebral spaces. Al cases were fol owed up for 2 years.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Average blood loss amount was 40 mL (20-80 mL). Average operation time was 121 minutes (100-175 minutes). After fol ow-up for 30.7 months, al segments were fused. There was no implant migration or vertebral body col apse. Pre-operative JOA score was 11.94±3.61, 15.56±1.13 at 6 months post-operation, and 15.21±1.85 at 2 years after implantation. Pre-operative cervical curvature was (1.86±3.24) mm,(4.83±1.78) mm at 6 months post-operation, and (4.44±3.36) mm at 2 years after implantation. There were significant differences between pre-operative and at 6 months post-operation, pre-operative and at 2 years post-operation (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between 6-month and 2-year post-operation (P > 0.05). Results indicated that selective consecutive three-level appliance of intervertebral cage for spondylotic myelopathy could improve cervical curvature and have long-term favorable clinical outcomes.