The occurrence of breast cancer is closely related to genetic factors.BRCA1 and BRCA2,breast cancer susceptibility genes,play important roles in the occurrence and development of breast cancer.The researches on germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are of great significance in prevention,diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.

为提高我院康复科护士的护理水平，采用康复理论学习、技术操作及其分别考核的方法，对护士进行继续教育。结果经统计学t检验，P＜0．01，有显著性差异。证明对护士进行继续教育和考核有明显的提高作用，应予推广实施。

Objective To investigate the ultrastructural changes of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and its permeability in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and explore the relation between these changes and hypertensive retinopathy. Methods The ultrastructure of RPE cells in the SHR aged five、six、seven months was observed with transmission electronmicroscope and compared to its normotensive control strain(WKY) with the same age.Then, lanthanum tracer procedures were carried out to investigate pathological changes of the blood retinal barrier. Results ①In SHR the main pathological changes involved swelling of mitochondria, enlargement of endoplasmic reticula,decrease of RPE cell infolding, and sparseness of microvilli. These degenerations were more serious in older rats with higher blood pressure.②The breakdown of outer blood retinal barrier with permeation of lanthanum tracers were evident in SHR aged six or seven month, however, in WKY and five month SHR the traces were preven ted from passing by tight junctions. Conclusion The degeneration of RPE owing to ischemia and anoxia arises in early period of hypertensive retinopathy. The pathological changes of ultrastructure and permeability might interact with the damage of visual cells and play a main role in the hypertensive retinopathy.

Child ; Humans ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux ; therapy

Objective To investigate clinical effect of breviscapine combined with nerve growth factor in treatment of ischemic optic neuropathy . Methods 80 patients with ischemic optic neuropathy from March 2014 to March 2016 in our hospital were selected and divided into the control group and observation group, 40 cases in each group.The control group was treated with nerve growth factor, hip injection 30ug, one times a day, while the observation group was treated with breviscapine combined with nerve growth factor, 80 mg breviscapine added to 500 mL glucose intravenous infusion, one times a day.Then the changes of visual acuity, visual field loss difference (LV), the average damage of vision (MD), the average vision light sensitivity ( MS ) , adverse reactions, curative effect were compared between two groups.Results After treatment, the total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), the visual acuity of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), LV, MD was significantly lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), MS was significantly higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).There was no difference in adverse reactions between the two groups.Conclusion Breviscapine combined with nerve growth factor in the treatment of ischemic optic neuropathy can improve nerve function of patients , improve the therapeutic effect.

sweet potato. Conclusion The content of arsenic (Ⅲ) in the edible part of plants was one of the important factors for selecting the plants that are suitable for growing the arsenic polluted area.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of determination of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels for primary liver carcinoma and metastatic liver cancer.Methods Serum CEA levels in 365 patients with liver cancer (273 with HCC and 92 with metastatic liver cancer accordingly) and 33 controls were determined with ELISA. Data were analysed with SPSS.Results Serum CEA levels were (7.52?18.04)?g/L in patients with liver cancer and (0.99?0.79)?g/L in controls. Taking 2.5 ?g/L as the cut-off level,the positive rate was 29.86% and 6.06% respectively. The values were significantly higher than those in controls (P

Objective To investigate the viral pathogens of children with community acquired pneumonia(CAP) in dalian city during the last year in hospital,and provide evidences to clinical empirical therapy.Methods Some patients of department of respiratory.in Dalian children's hospital were devided into four groups from May 2007 to 2008.Serum virus antibodies were detected after 1 week of natural course of disease.Results In 280 cases who were detected for viral IgM antibodies,the positive rate was 28.2%.It was mainly consist with respiratory syncytial virus,adenovirus,and parainfluenza virus.The ratio of virus infection in school age group(54.0%) was higher than that in other groups.The second is in toddler age.Conclusion Virus are significant pathogens in CAP of children.The most common viral agent is respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),and the next one is adenovirus(ADV).The ratio of virus infection in school age group is the highest.We should give anti-virus and propotional supportive treatment to these children promptly.

Objective To explore the value of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) in children. Methods A total of 52 children underwent laparoscopic appendectomy by using the 3-port technique from October 2002 to December 2004. Results The operations were performed smoothly in all the 52 cases. The operating time was 20~50 min (mean, 30 min). The patients were discharged from hospital at 2~4 postoperative days. Peri-port subcutaneous emphysema occurred in 2 cases. No other complications were found. Follow-up checkups for 3~29 months (mean, 14 months) in 49 cases found no intestinal obstruction or abdominal residual infection. Conclusions Laparoscopic appendectomy in children is safe, effective and minimally invasive.

Objective To investigate the role of IFN-? in prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma and the mechanism of its effect. Methods BALB/C mice were randomly divided into three groups: group A (control group, n=12); group B (asthma model group, n=12); group C (IFN-? intraperitoneal treatment group, n=12). The asthma model was reproduced in group B and C with ovalbumin (OVA) adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide. PBS (0.25ml) and IFN-? 5?g was respectively injected intraperitoneally in group B and C on days 23 to 30 once daily prior to ovalbumin challenge. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected on day 31 and its cellular composition was analyzed. The levels of IL-4, IL-5 and the IgE in serum were determined. The pathological changes in the lung and the expression of GATA-3 were observed. Results A notable decrease of eosinophils (0.3?0.2) in BALF was found in group C comparing with the group B (21.1?6.7) (P