The occurrence of breast cancer is closely related to genetic factors.BRCA1 and BRCA2,breast cancer susceptibility genes,play important roles in the occurrence and development of breast cancer.The researches on germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are of great significance in prevention,diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.

为提高我院康复科护士的护理水平，采用康复理论学习、技术操作及其分别考核的方法，对护士进行继续教育。结果经统计学t检验，P＜0．01，有显著性差异。证明对护士进行继续教育和考核有明显的提高作用，应予推广实施。

Objective To investigate the ultrastructural changes of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and its permeability in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and explore the relation between these changes and hypertensive retinopathy. Methods The ultrastructure of RPE cells in the SHR aged five、six、seven months was observed with transmission electronmicroscope and compared to its normotensive control strain(WKY) with the same age.Then, lanthanum tracer procedures were carried out to investigate pathological changes of the blood retinal barrier. Results ①In SHR the main pathological changes involved swelling of mitochondria, enlargement of endoplasmic reticula,decrease of RPE cell infolding, and sparseness of microvilli. These degenerations were more serious in older rats with higher blood pressure.②The breakdown of outer blood retinal barrier with permeation of lanthanum tracers were evident in SHR aged six or seven month, however, in WKY and five month SHR the traces were preven ted from passing by tight junctions. Conclusion The degeneration of RPE owing to ischemia and anoxia arises in early period of hypertensive retinopathy. The pathological changes of ultrastructure and permeability might interact with the damage of visual cells and play a main role in the hypertensive retinopathy.

Objective To investigate the viral pathogens of children with community acquired pneumonia(CAP) in dalian city during the last year in hospital,and provide evidences to clinical empirical therapy.Methods Some patients of department of respiratory.in Dalian children's hospital were devided into four groups from May 2007 to 2008.Serum virus antibodies were detected after 1 week of natural course of disease.Results In 280 cases who were detected for viral IgM antibodies,the positive rate was 28.2%.It was mainly consist with respiratory syncytial virus,adenovirus,and parainfluenza virus.The ratio of virus infection in school age group(54.0%) was higher than that in other groups.The second is in toddler age.Conclusion Virus are significant pathogens in CAP of children.The most common viral agent is respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),and the next one is adenovirus(ADV).The ratio of virus infection in school age group is the highest.We should give anti-virus and propotional supportive treatment to these children promptly.

Objective:To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of intraperitoneal injectoin of IFN? on bronchial asthma in mice and the relevant mechanism. Methods: Thirty-six BALB/c mice were randomly equalized into 3 groups:group A (normal control group),group B (asthmatic model group) and group C (IFN? treated group). The asthmatic model was established in group B and C by immunization with ovalbumin (OVA) absorbed to aluminum hydroxide. Mice of group B and C received 0.25 ml PBS and 5 ?g IFN? intraperitoneally on days 23 to 30 once daily prior to ovalbumin challenge,respectively. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected on day 31 for determining the cellular composition and the concentrations of IL-4 and IL-5. Meanwhile,IgE in serum was determined. The pathological changes and the expression of GATA-3 were investigated in the lungs of mice. Results: (1) BALF eosinophils was significantly decreased in group C compared with those in group B ( vs ,P

Objective To investigate the role of IFN-? in prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma and the mechanism of its effect. Methods BALB/C mice were randomly divided into three groups: group A (control group, n=12); group B (asthma model group, n=12); group C (IFN-? intraperitoneal treatment group, n=12). The asthma model was reproduced in group B and C with ovalbumin (OVA) adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide. PBS (0.25ml) and IFN-? 5?g was respectively injected intraperitoneally in group B and C on days 23 to 30 once daily prior to ovalbumin challenge. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected on day 31 and its cellular composition was analyzed. The levels of IL-4, IL-5 and the IgE in serum were determined. The pathological changes in the lung and the expression of GATA-3 were observed. Results A notable decrease of eosinophils (0.3?0.2) in BALF was found in group C comparing with the group B (21.1?6.7) (P

BACKGROUND: With the understanding of pathology of cervical diseases, cervical curvature has become one of
the important indexes of long-term clinical outcome. To restore and maintain cervical curvature has a profound impact on cervical long-term stabilization and cervical biomechanical environment.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term influence of selective consecutive three-level appliance of intervertebral Solis cage on cervical curvature for spondylotic myelopathy.
METHODS: From June 2008 to December 2010, 22 spondylotic myelopathy patients were treated with
consecutive three-level anterior cervical Solis fusion. There were 14 males, 8 females, with an average age of
45.1 years (ranged from 26-73 years). There were two cases of C2/3/4/5, seven cases of C3/4/5/6, 12 cases of C4/5/6/7, and one case of C5/6/7/T1 , total y 66 intervertebral spaces. Al cases were fol owed up for 2 years.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Average blood loss amount was 40 mL (20-80 mL). Average operation time was 121 minutes (100-175 minutes). After fol ow-up for 30.7 months, al segments were fused. There was no implant migration or vertebral body col apse. Pre-operative JOA score was 11.94±3.61, 15.56±1.13 at 6 months post-operation, and 15.21±1.85 at 2 years after implantation. Pre-operative cervical curvature was (1.86±3.24) mm,(4.83±1.78) mm at 6 months post-operation, and (4.44±3.36) mm at 2 years after implantation. There were significant differences between pre-operative and at 6 months post-operation, pre-operative and at 2 years post-operation (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between 6-month and 2-year post-operation (P > 0.05). Results indicated that selective consecutive three-level appliance of intervertebral cage for spondylotic myelopathy could improve cervical curvature and have long-term favorable clinical outcomes.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of microwave ablation in the treatment of small hepatic carcinoma with liver cirrhosis.Methods Altogether 50 patients with small hepatic carcinoma with liver cirrhosis from April 2009 to June 2013 were divided into microwave ablation group (n =26) or resection group (n =24).The microwave ablation group was treated by laparoscopic microwave ablation while the resection group was treated by laparoscopic resection.The time of operation,intraoperative blood loss,length of hospital stay,postoperative complications,postoperative liver functions,and 1-year,2-year,3-year survival rate of each group were observed.Results The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were increased and the albumin (ALB) was decreased postoperatively in both groups,and all recovered in 7 days after operation.The ALT and AST in microwave ablation group were lower than resection group,and the ALB was higher than resection group,with statistical significances (P ＜ 0.05).The operation time in microwave ablation group was (53.5 ± 8.5) min,significantly less than the resection group [(92.9 ± 19.8) min,t =-9.019,P =0.000].The intraoperative blood loss in microwave ablation group was (41.9 ± 17.2) ml,significantly less than the resection group [(131.3 ± 66.0) ml,t =-6.663,P =0.000].The length of hospital stay in microwave ablation group was (7.8 ± 1.0) d,significantly less than the resection group [(10.4 ± 1.3) d,t =-7.742,P =0.000].The rate of postoperative complication in microwave ablation group was 19.2％ (5/26),significantly less than the resection group [45.8％ (11/24),x2 =4.059,P =0.044].The 1-year,2-year,and 3-year survival rates in microwave ablation group were 100％,88.5％,80.8％,respectively,and those in resection group were 100％,91.7％,83.3％,respectively.There were no statistical differences between the two groups (log-rank x2 =0.077,P =0.792).Conclusions Microwave ablation therapy is feasible in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis that located in the special area and endoscopic surgery is not easy to remove.Microwave ablation has advantages of less trauma,simple performance and less complications.

Objective To investigate the effect and clinical efficacy of pranoprofen eye drops on lysozyme, EGF and LF levels in type 2 diabetic patients with dry eye syndrome.Methods70 Type 2 diabetes patients with dry eye from department of ophthalmology, Yuyao People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province from September 2013 to May 2015.They were selected and randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group with 35 cases in each group.The control group were treated by artificial tears eye drops 0.1mL/time, 6 times/day treatment.The treatment group were treated on the base of the control group with pranoprofen eye drops 0.15mL/eye drops, 4 times/day treatment.2 groups were 14 days for 1 courses of treatment, a total of 2 courses of treatment.The tear break-up time, basal lacrimal secretion, corneal fluorescein staining positive rate and clinical efficacy were compared between two groups before and after treatment.ResultsWith the total effective rate in the treatment group,was higher than the control group(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment, the tear break-up time prolonged, basal lacrimal secretion, tear lysozyme, EGF and LF levels were higher(P<0.05), the positive reaction rate of corneal fluorescence staining was lower(P<0.05).Compared with the control group after treatment, the tear break-up time prolonged, basal lacrimal secretion, tear lysozyme, EGF and LF levels were higher(P<0.05), the positive reaction rate of corneal fluorescence staining was lower(P<0.05).ConclusionThe clinical efficacy of pranoprofen eye drops in type 2 diabetic patients with dry eye syndromeis good.It is speculated that the mechanism and tear break-up time prolonged, basal lacrimal secretion increase and lysozyme, epidermal growth factor(EGF)and the level of LF increased.

Objective To evaluate the effect of CO2 pneumoperitoneum with various pressures on the ultrastructure of the implanted lesions in rats model of endometriosis. Methods Endometriosis model was established in 30 SD rats by implanting self-endometria onto the peritoneum to form ectopic endometrial tissues. Then the animals were divided randomly into three groups (ten in each):control,10 mm Hg,and 20 mm Hg CO2 pneumoperitoneum groups (CO2 inflation lasted for 1 hour). One week after the procedure,the ectopic endometrial tissues were sampled for electron microscopy to determine the ultrastructure of cell organelle in the endometriosis glands and matrix cells. Results The electron microscopy showed that in the control group,the matrix cells lined up in order and the structure of the microvilli (MV) was normal; while in the 10 mm Hg and 20 mm Hg groups,the chromatin margination of glandular cells and mitochondria swelling were observed with reduced or vanished mitochondrial crista,the ultrastructural damages to the microvilli (reduced or vanished) were more apparent than the control,the cell junctions were widened or collapsed,and the matrix cells lined up disorderly. Compared to the 10 mm Hg group,ultrastructural damage to the glandular cells in the 20 mm Hg group was more severe. Conclusions CO2 pneumoperitoneum intervention can induce ultrastructural damage to endometriosis lesions. 20 mm Hg pressure of CO2 pneumoperitoneum can induce severer damage to the ectopic endometriosis tissues than 10 mm Hg.