Objective To observe changes of cardiorespiratory function and blood gas analysis in different pneumoperitoneum pressure during age-specific pediatric laparoscopic surgery and to find a compatible pneumoperitoneum pressure for different age-specific children.Methods One hundred and fifty cases undergoing laparoscopic surgery were divided into three groups:A(1～3y),B(4～6y),C(7～12y).Each group was divided into two subgroups again by different pneumoperitoneum pressure:A1,A2,B1,B2,C1,C2.Monitoring the cardiorespiratory function and blood gas analysis in different time point before and after pneumoperitoneum.Results Compared with the baseline value,PETCO2,Paw,MAP,HR,PaCO2 significantly increased after peritoneal insufflation in each group.And the increase in A2,B2,C2 were more obvious than in A1,B1,C1 (P<0.05).The eligible pneumoperitoneum pressures for A,B,C were 9,11,13mm Hg respectively.Conclusion Using a compatible pneumoperitoneum pressure for different age-specific children can meet the requirement of operation and attenuate the interference with physiological function.

Asbestos ; adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Population Surveillance

Objective:To observe the effects of orbital bone density on the stress distribution of implant-bone surface.Methods:The 3D finite element analysis craniofacial model with eight HU values(300 -1 0 000)was established.A force of 20 N along the im-plant axis was applied on the model.The stress values and distribution were calculated and analyzed.Results:The peak of stress val-ue and displacement discreased as HU value increased.In the range of HU value 800 -1 000 HU,the peak of stress value and dis-placement of bone interface did not significantly change with the increasing of HU value.Conclusion:Orbital bone density is an im-portant factor on orbital implant failure when HU value below 800.

Objective To evaluate the correlation of ADC values on 3.0 T MR with the pathological grades in pT1b clear cell renal cell carcinoma(CCRCC).Methods Conventional MR images,ADC values and Fuhrman pathological grading of pT1b CCRCC were performed in 30 patients.Grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ were defined as low-grade group; grade Ⅲ and IV were defined as high-grade group.The differences of ADC values among four different pathologic grades were compared with a one-way analysis of variance. The comparison of ADC values of two different grade groups was performed with t test,and the ROC curve was performed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of ADC value. Correlation between pathological gradings and ADC values was assessed with Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results ( 1 ) The mean ADC value of grading Ⅰ ( 10 patients ), Ⅱ ( 8 patients ),Ⅲ ( 7 patients ),IV ( 5 patients ) was ( 0.94 ± 0.11 ) ×10-3 mm2/s,(0.82 ±0.13) × 10-3 mm2/s,(0.68 ±0.09) × 10-3 mm2/s,(0.59 ±0.03) × 10-3 mm2/s,respectively.Significant differences of ADC values among the four grades were present (F =16.422,P =0.000 ).( 2 ) The mean ADC value of the low-grade group was significantly higher than that of the high-grade group(t =5.738,P =0.000).Sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing the low-grade group was 88.9％ and 83.3％ respectively.There was a negative correlation between pathological grading and ADC value ( r =-0.807,P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions The ADC values of pT1b CCRCC have close correlation with pathological gradings.They can be used to predict the degree of tumor malignancy preoperatively and guide surgical planning.

Objective To assemble fusion gene of c-myc tagged human trefoil factor family 2(hTFF2)(in vitro) and construct a cloning vector of this fusion gene.Methods Based on amino acid sequence of hTFF2 and codon of lactococcus lactis,cDNA of htff2 sequence was designed and extended at their 5' ends with a sequence encoding the c-myc tag;and the sequence of fusion gene c-myc-htff2 was designed.According to restriction enzyme sites of pBluescript Ⅱ sk(+),the SalⅠ and BamHⅠ were arranged at 5′ and 3′ ends of the fusion gene respectively.Instructed by DNAWORKS program,the fusion gene sequence of c-myc-htff2 was designed as 14 oligonucleotides that overlapped each other.The target gene fragment of cmyc-htff2 fusion gene was obtained by the means of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) based gene assembly.Then,the c-myc-htff2 was subcloned into vector of pBluescript II sk(+) for identification of the fusion gene by restricting enzyme excision and DNA sequencing.Results Assembly of c-myc-TFF2 fusion gene(in vitro) and construction of pBS-TFF2 had been completed successfully;and DNA sequencing showed that the sequence of synthetic gene accorded with the expectation.Conclusion With the help of DNAWORKS program,the design and assembly of oligonucleotides (in vitro) is effective to synthesize a target gene,and the cloning vector of c-myc-htff2 fusion gene has been successfully constructed.

Objective:To observe the effect of orbital implant shrink range on the stress distribution in bone-implant interface. Methods:The 3D finite element analysis of craniofacial and orbital implant models with the implant length of 3,4,6 and 10 mm,and with the shrink range of0.05,0.1 and 0.15 mm were established respectively.The stress in the bone-implant interface were calculat-ed and analyzed.Results:The stress increased with the increase of implant shrink range.The stress produced by the implant with 0.15 mm shrink range decreased.The stress of the implant of 10 mm was lower than that of other implants with the shrink range of 0.1 and 0.15 mm.Conclusion:The maximal implant shrink range of 0.1 mm in the model can meet the clinical requirements in orbital implant planning.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Yinhe gargle on infected root canals. Methods Forty-seven cases of root canal infection ( involving 48 affected teeth) were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (22 cases involving 22 affected teeth) was given intracanal medicament with Yinhe gargle, and the control group ( 25 cases involving 26 affected teeth) was given root canal disinfection with camphor phenol. After intracanal medicament for one week, therapeutic effect and safety were evaluated in the two groups. Results ( 1) During root canal disinfection, none of the subjects had adverse reaction such as hypersensitiveness or cauterization of soft tissue. Canal obturation was available after the first intracanal medicament for the infected root canals. (2) After intracanal medicament for one week, the effective rate in the experimental group was 95.45%, and was 100.00%in the control group, the difference being in significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Yinhe gargle has similar disinfection effect to camphor phenol on infected root canals, and it can be used as disinfection medicament for root canals.

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to observe the effect of orbital implant lengths on stress distribution in peri-implant surfaces.

METHODSThe three-dimensional finite element analysis models of craniofacial and orbital implants with a diameter of 3.75 mm and lengths of 3, 4, 6, and 10 mm were established. A force of 20 N was applied to the models. The stress and displacement distribution under every condition were recorded and analyzed.

RESULTSThe loading direction along the implant axis and the stress concentration on the implant root were observed. The loading direction was at a 45 degree angle relative to the implant axis, and the stress concentration was located at the implant neck and the first screw thread. The maximum stress of the 3 mm implant was significantly higher than that under the other two loading directions. The maximum displacement of the four lengths exhibited no significant change. Given the same implant length, stress, and displacement, the peak of the implant axial direction was lower than that of the 45 degree direction. The loading type was an important factor influencing the stress and displacement of peri-implant bones.

CONCLUSIONThe implants of more than 4 mm length can be considered for clinical use. The implant of 3 mm length should be implanted in a region with thicker cortical bone.

Objective To investigate the causes of acute renal failure(ARF)after orthtopic liver transplantation(OLT)in patients of acute liver failure(ALF)and the effects of systemic therapy based on continuous renal replacement(CRRT).Methods Clinical data of 412 patients who underwent liver transplantations between January 2001 and June 2006 were analyzed retrospectively (all the cases were followed up to June 2007).According to UNOS grading scale,54 patients were of acute liver failure(UNOS 1 and 2A).Posttransplant ARF developing in 17 cases underwent a systemic therapy based on CRRT as well as anti-rejection,anti-infection and nutrition support.The perioperative courses,complications,causes of death and follow up results were analyzed.Results There were no severe complications during CRRT.Perioperative mortality was 5.4%and 58.8%in patients without ARF and those with ARF respectively.the rate of complications was 35.1%vs 100%.1 year survival rate Was 89.2% vs 41.2%.3 year survival rate was 81.1% vs 41.2%.Condusions The effect of surgery mainly depends on the function of liver and other vital organs.The ALF recipients suffered from a high perioperative mortality,especially those with posttransplant ARL.The systemic therapy based on CRRT benefits patients with postoperative ARF.

Objective To explore the value of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in the quantitative analysis of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of the rabbit kidneys . Methods Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to IRI group (n=24, operation with clamping) and Sham group (n=6, operation without clamping). Left renal ischemia-reperfusion was performed by occlusion (calmping) of the left renal arterial for 60 minutes, followed by reperfusion. All the rabbits underwent MRI including T2WI and SWI before and 0.5 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after the establishments of models . Three rabbits in IRI group were randomly sacrificed 0.5 h, 12 h, and 24 h after the establishment of model. The rest of the rabbits in IRI group and 6 rabbits in sham group were sacrificed for pathological examination 48 h after the establishment of model All specimen were cut into slices and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Region of interest ( ROI) was manually created by outlining the inner medulla, inner stripe of outer medulla, outer stripe of outer medulla, and cortex, then relative signal-to-noise ratio of the kidney (rSNR) to muscle in SWI sequence was recorded. and compared with histopathologic features. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare difference of rSNR to muscle in respective location at 5 time-points between Sham group and IRI group, and the differences between groups were tested using repetitive measure analysis of variance, repetitive measure analysis of variance was performed to compare difference of rSNR to muscle in respective location at respective time-points between Sham group and IRI group. Results rSNR value in the inner medulla 0.5 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after the establishments of models were 0.28 ± 0.04, 0.98 ± 0.14, 0.69 ± 0.07, 0.57±0.06, 0.43±0.03, respectively (F=69.82,P<0.01), the inner stripe of outer medulla at the five time-points 0.08 ± 0.03, 0.57 ± 0.05, 0.32 ± 0.07, 0.16 ± 0.02, 0.04 ± 0.01, respectively(F=16.59,P<0.01), the outer stripe of outer medulla were 0.31 ± 0.04, 0.86 ± 0.09, 0.65 ± 0.07, 0.55 ± 0.06 0.43 ± 0.04(F=67.52,P<0.01), respectively,the cortex 0.05±0.01, 0.80±0.04, 0.68±0.07, 0.47±0.07, 0.36±0.08, respectively(F=118.96,P<0.01). The difference of the rSNR was statistically significant in the inner medulla, inner stripe of outer medulla, outer stripe of outer medulla, and cortex at the five different time-points. The differences between two groups were significant (F=206.29, 14.25, 42.8, 39.12, P all<0.05). The pathological findings in Sham group included normalglomerular structure l, clear cavity of tubular, no interstitial hyperemia and edema. The pathological findings in IRI group demonstated, at 0.5 h after IRI, Bowman's capsule cavity expansion, glomerular shrinkage, swelling of renal tubular epithelial cells, vacuoles degeneration, the tube cavity expansion, interstitial edema and congestion ecta became slender, andat 12 h after IR, Bowman's capsule expansion became more obvious, foam degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells, apoptosis, partial loss of the brush border of the proximal convoluted tubule, formation of protein cast, and a small amount of inflammatory cells appeared in the renal interstitium, swelling of endothelial cells of the vasa recta, congestion of small vessels, and at 24 and 48 h after IRI, more serious injury of renal tubular in the outer stripe of outer medulla , massive necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, apoptosis, parts of the renal tubular had the contour lines, and renal tubular outline, increment in inflammatory cells, red cell and protein cast. Conclusion rSNR of SWI in the inner medulla, inner stripe of outer medulla, outer stripe of outer medulla, and cortex of the kidney varies with the degree of IRI over time, and is consistent with corresponding pathological feature, suggesting SWI is useful imaging tool to detect early damage of renal IRI quantitatively.