Protons and heavy ion radiation therapy have proven highly effective against a wide range of cancers and in recent decades there have been rapid advances.Due to the physical characteristics of the Bragg-peak and superior biological properties,proton and heavy ion radiation is able to focus its energy on the tumor while minimizing exposure to surrounding normal tissues and organs,which is expected help enhance the tumor dose and reduce normal tissue damage.In recent years,many studies have explored the efficacy and safety of proton and heavy ion radiotherapy on various malignancies,such as head and neck cancer,lung cancer,esophageal cancer,and liver cancer.The results of these studies enable a better understanding of the characteristics and advantages of proton and heavy ion therapy.

Breast ; surgery ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Treatment Outcome

We have conducted a tireless practice and exploration in order to establish a solid,long-term and appropriate social practice basement for medical students,which is the platform for them carrying on social practice activities.Practice has proved that early preparation for basement construction is the basis,support from local government is the key,leaders' attention 、abundant fund and multi-sectional coordination are the guarantee,and that diverse forms as well as effective social practice activities is the fundamental way to promote basement construction.

The following measures have been taken with improved teaching effects in our recent practice of lemological teaching Firstly,we adjusted our teaching scope from classical communicable diseases to infectious diseases and brought the newest progress into our contents.Secondly,we adopted rich and colorful teaching methods to boost the students' learning interest.Thirdly,the students' clinical capabilities have been emphasized in our lemological examination.And lastly,multimedia has been employed to display our contents more actively.

Objective To investigate and analyze the relationship of the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and carotid artery atherosclerosis with acute cerebral infarction (ACI).Methods Fifty-nine patients with ACI were assigned as experimental group and thirty healthy people as control group. The serum level of hs-CRP was measured, and the carotid plaques and the changes of carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT) were examined by color Doppler ultrasonography.Then the relationship between the serum level of hs-CRP and the severity of disease was analyzed.Results The serum level of hs-CRP was higher in ACI group than in control group [(5.96± 1.52)mg/L vs. (1.78±1.02) mg/L, t=15.383, P＜0.01]. The detection rates of carotid plaques and the increased carotid IMT were higher in ACI group than in control group [77.97% vs. 36.67%, x2 =12.92, P＜0.01; (1.18±0.17) mm vs. (1.02±0.15) mm, t=4.544, P＜0.05]. The hs-CRP levels were higher in the severe cases [(15.68±1.45) mg/L] than in moderate cases [(4.16±1.39)mg/L] and mild cases [(1.88±0.34) mg/L, t=37. 217, 25. 243, both P＜0.01]. Conclusions The elevated levels of hs-CRP have overt clinical significances for the atherothrombotic cerebral infarction. Early determination of hs-CRP is helpful to evaluate patient's condition and prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the optimal dosage of misoprostol administered in the rectum for dilation of the cervix. Methods Two hundred and forty women at 40-60 day gestational age without vaginal delivery history were randomly divided into three groups,with 80 cases in each group. Patients received 200,400 or 600μg of misoprostol rectally one hour before electrical vacuum abortions in group A,B and C,respectively. Cervical dilation,blood loss,and drug side effects in the three groups were compared. Venous blood samples were taken before vein anesthesia,and misoprostol acid concentration in the serum was tested by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results The analgesic rate was 100. 00%in all three dose groups, and cervical dilation rate was 23. 75%,46. 25%and 70. 00%in groups A,B and C,respectively. The severity of drug side effects such as vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain is dose-dependent. Blood concentration of misoprostal acid was(117±65),(206± 98),and(303±149)pg·mL-1 ,in groups A,B and C,respectively. Conclusion The recommended dose of misoprostol is 400 μg administered in rectum. Rectal administration of misoprostol is cheap,safe,and convenient,and therefore could be widely applied.

Objective To analyze and evaluate the role of IABP in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction.Methods The clinical data of all patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with IABP admitted into the Peking University First Hospital from January 1st 2000 to December 31st 2006 were collected.The treatment effects of IABP were analyzed with statistical methods.Results A total number of 48 patients with acute myocardial infarction were treated with IABP in the past 6 years and 26 of them were presented with cardiogenic shock at the time of admission.The short-term condition was stabilized in 81.3%(39/48) of the patients with IABP treatment which was demonstrated by restoration of stable heart rate and blood pressure,increase in urine volume,symptoms relief and decreasing need of vasoactive drug.The in-hospital mortality was lower in patients received revascularization therapy in additional to IABP compared with patients who had IABP support alone(37.5% vs.93.8%,P

Objective To investigate the application effect of service-learning pattern in clinical nursing teaching in Obstetric department. Methods A total of 113 nursing students in Obstetric department were randomly divided into two groups:57 were trained with traditional clinical nursing teaching method as the control group, 56 with service-learning teaching method as the experimental group. All students were examined for comprehensive assessment, including professional theory, professional operation and comprehensive quality after their training. At the same time, the clinical teaching satisfaction of nursing students were surveyed. Results There was no statistical difference in exam results between two groups of nursing students after training(P>0.05). However, the experimental group had higher achievements in professional operation and comprehensive quality after their training than the control group (35.24 points vs. 32.10 points, 16.27 points vs. 14.05 points), as well as, the clinical teaching satisfaction of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group(96.42% vs. 89.60% ), the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Service-learning pattern can significantly improve the clinical teaching effect of undergraduate nursing students in Obstetric department.

Proximal humerus fractures are clinically common upper limb injury,accounting for about 4％ to 5％ of all human fractures.At present,displaced proximal humerus fractures are often treated by locking plate fixation,but complications may follow.Of them,a locking screw piercing the humeral head has the highest incidence and is thus the most common reason for surgery.Such a screw tends to cause claws of the glenoid cavity,leading to severe pain.Therefore,it is an unavoidable challenge how to effectively prevent postoperative screw piercing for orthopedic surgeons who use locking plating to treat proximal humerus fractures.In this paper,the progress in research will be reviewed on the causes and management of screw perforation after locking plate fixation of proximal humerus fracture.

Objective To evaluate the relation between cystatin C and the presence and severity of asymptomatic coronary artery disease in metabolic syndrome(MetS).Methods A total of 201 asymptomatic MetS patients with normal renal function were per-formed the coronary angiograph and the detection of serum Cystatin C level and other risk factors for atherosclerosis.Results Ser-um cystatin C level in the MetS patients with asymptomatic coronary artery disease were significantly higher than those in the pa-tients without coronary artery disease,moreover the more severe of the disease,the higher the cyctatin C,which was independently associated with other risk factors for atherosclerosis.Conclusion Serum cystatin C level can been used as the index for the presence and severity of asymptomatic coronary artery disease in Mets with normal kidney function.