Sarcopenia is one of common clinical symptom in patients with cancer,which can be regarded as a poor prognosis independent risk factors of disease and death.The main measurements of sarcopenia are magnetic resonance imaging,computerized tomography and positron emission tomography.Sarcopenia is frequently associated with cachexia,and have an influence on the anti-tumor therapeutic influence with each other.In recent years,a mass of clinical research on the application of exercise,nutrition support and drugs,and other comprehensive intervention in patients with sarcopenia emerging constantly,and much achieved good results.The clinical value of sarcopenia in cancer therapy can not be ignored,which should be given more attention.Its mechanism is complex,and intervention means become more various,but more evidence of efficacy and safety is still needed.

Objective To study the effect of cell wall polysaccharide (CWP) of Thallus Laminariae (TL) on thrombosis and blood coagulation.Methods Thrombosis was induced by arteriovenous shunt,ligation of inferior vena cava and electric stimulation of common carotid artery,after intraperitoneal injection of CWP or nomal saline for 3 days.The weight of thrombus and the occlusion time were examined in the normal saline group and high-dose (100 mg/kg) and low-dose (20 mg/kg) groups of CWP of TL.Blood coagulation time (CT),plasma prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were measured to observe the effect of CWP on blood coagulation.Results Compared with the control group,both high-dose CWP of TL and low-dose CWP can obviously decrease the weight of thrombus and prolong the occlusion time,CT and APTT.High-dose CWP could also prolong PT obviously,the differences being significant.Low-dosa CWP also prolong PT,but the difference was not significant statistically.Conclusion CWP of TL can inhibit the thrombus formation and blood coagulation in rats.

Bibliometrics analysis has been made on the statistics of Chinese books circulation and order data through Chongqing Medical University. Goldlib Library Management System. And analysis relativity and variation between circulation needs and resource allocation for the past 10 years has also been made.

Objective To investigate the role of recombinant Vibrio vulnificus cytolysin (rVvhA) in inducing THP-1 cells damage and study the pathway of associated calcium influx .Methods Inverted mi-croscope, CCK-8 cell proliferation kit, Fluo3/AM staining and caspase activity detection were performed to analyze the damage of THP-1 cells induced by rVvhA and the pathway of calcium influx .Results rVvhA had cytotoxic effects on THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner .The concentrations of extracellular K +and LDH were respectively up-regulated after 1 h and 6 h of 12 μg/ml rVvhA intervention .Verapamil , Mibe-fradil and SKF-96365 could not prevent the influx of free Ca 2+induced by rVvhA .The activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were singanificantly enhanced by rVvhA in a time-dependant manner .Conclusion rVvhA can induce THP-1 cells damage through triggering extracellular calcium influx via porous channel on cell membrane.Moreover, rVvhA might induce THP-1 cell apoptosis through activating caspase-9/3-dependent pathway .

Objective Objectives To investigate the gender difference affecting the efficacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the mouse cardiac arrest (CA) model.Methods CA was induced in 30 Kunming mice (15 male and 15 female) by trans-oesophageal cardiac pacing for 4 minutes.Epinephrine was then administrated intra-artery,and CPR was performed.The time required for restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was observed,but if ROSC failed to appear at 10 minutes after CPR,resuscitation was discontinued.Blood pressure and electrocardiograms of resuscitated animals were invasively monitored for an additional 60 minutes.Blood pressure,heart rate,the restoration of spontaneous respiration (ROSR) and survival time were observed and recorded.Results All 15 female mice and 14 of 15 male mice had ROSC.There were no significant differences in the time required for ROSC,ROSR,and survival between the two groups [(50±17)svs.(46±12)s; (2.4±1)minvs.(2.5±1)min; 28 (1,72)h vs.16 (3,72)h,P ＞ 0.05)].Moreover,neither blood pressure nor heart rate showed significant differences one hour after ROSC between the two groups.Conclusions Sex differences did not affect the efficacy of CPR,but the precise mechanism is still unclear,and further investigations are required.

Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics of epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT).Methods Six cases of ETT treated in Women's Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University from 2005 to 2007 were retrospectively analyzed,together with a literature review.Results Six cases of ETT were diagnosed pathologically after surgery.The age of patients ranged from 27 to 46 years.The most common presentation was abnormal vaginal bleeding(5/6).The preceding gestational events were hydatidiform mole in 1 case,abortion in 2 cases,and term delivery in 3 cases.The interval between the preceding gestation and the diagnosis of ETT ranged from 15-48 months.The serum human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)level was 46-121 147 IU/L.Four cases presented with metastasis,including lung metastasis in all of the 4 cases,liver metastasis in 1 case,and pancreas metastasis in another 1 case.The main therapies were surgery combined with chemotherapy.All of the 6 cases received total abdominal hysterectomy.and 1 case also had lung lobectomy.One ease had a recurrence but refused any treatment again,and was lost to follow up;the therapy of 1 case unfinished;another 4 cases were without evidence of disease 9 to 19 months after surgery.Condusions The confirmation of ETF diagnosis is difficult before surgery.Surgical management is mostly recommended in ETT. The role of chemotherapy in ETT is not clear yet.

Objective To investigate different ultrasound parameters and transfection conditions that would affect transfection rate of red fluorescent protein(RFP)and cell viability of cancer cells.Methods In this study,Hela cells were cultured using two different protocols:(A)24 h culture for complete adherence;(S)suspension.Subsequently,cells were transfected following different ultrasound exposure protocols[1.0W/cm2;duty cycle(DC):10%,20%and 50%;exposure 1min or 3 min].Gene transfection and cell viability were evaluated.Treatment parameters optimized in Hela cells were applied for delivery RFP in 4 other cell lines(HepG2,Ishikawa,MCF-7 and B16-F10).Results Cell injury were found to increase progressively with DC and exposure time in group A.Cell detachment was significantly accompanied by ultrasound exposure in adherent HeLa cells.Cells in group S were found more prone to be transfected than group A with the same ultrasound parameters,while the survival rate was not decreased apparently.The ideal ultrasound conditions were noted to be at 1.0 W/cm2 irradiated 3 min with 20%DC using suspended protocol,producing maximum efficiency[transfection=(28.04±2.27)%]in gene delivery with minimum cell toxicity[cell viability=(81.20±1.73)%].These experiments also revealed different response to ultrasound treatment,but for all tested cell lines,dead and transfected cells in the treated groups were significantly different from the non-irradiated groups.Conclusions Ultrasound parameters and transfection conditions have a great impact on the gene delivery and cell viability.Gene delivery of ultrasound-mediated microbubble enhance should be optimized to improve the efficiency.

Objective To study the optimized condition of transfection efficiency for MCF-7 cells enhanced by ultrasound(US) irradiation and contrast agent combined with polyethyleneimine(PEI) and observe whether the combination can have a synergistic effect to increase DNA transfection. Methods MCF-7 cells were transfected with the compounds prepared by the vector of plasmid DNA encoding luciferase (pCMV-luciferase-GL3) and PEI.SonoVue microbubble was added to the cell suspension to serve as nucleation sites for aeoustic cavitation before US irradiation. The DNA expression of luciferase plasmid and viability of cells were evaluated. The strategy of US irradiation was optimized. Furthermore, the influencing factor, such as the concentration of plasmid, incubation time, serum, the type of solvent and the volume of culture media, were examined. Results The viability of cells and US-induced enhancement of luciferase activity were influenced by the US intensity,exposure time and duty cycle.US irradiation under an appropriate condition enables ceils to accelerate the permeation of the PEI/DNA complex through the cell membrane, resulted in enhanced transfection efficiency of plasmid DNA. Optimal US condition for the enhancement was determined to be 1 W/cm2,10% DC for 3 min. In contrast to the PEI/DNA complex alone without US irradiation or US irradiation alone, the combination of US irradiation with contrast agent and PEI had a significantly enhanced luciferase activity (P<0.01). The 2 h pre-irradiation incubation with PEI/DNA complex for MCF-7 ceils exhibited a significantly enhanced lueiferase activity (P<0.01). Besides,serum,type of solvent and the volume of culture media did affect the transfection efficiency. Conclusions The optimized parameters of US and transfection provide efficient gene delivery in MCF-7 cancer cells. The combination of US irradiation with contrast agent and PEI has a synergistic effect to increase DNA transfection. This is a simple and promising method to enhance the gene expression of plasmid DNA.

Objective To observe the influences of NaAsO2 on H3K36me3 modifications,mRNA transcription of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene (MGMT) in HaCaT cells,and to explore the relationship between the transcription of MGMT gene regulated by H3K36me3 and DNA damage induced by arsenic,in order to provide new ideas and scientific basis for prevention and intervention of arsenism.Methods HaCaT cells were treated with 1.25,2.50,5.00 and 10.00 μmol/L NaAsO2 for 24 h,and were also treated with 10.00 μmol/L NaAsO2 for 6,12 and 24 h.HaCaT cells that treated with 0.00 pmol/L NaAsO2 and 0 h were used as blank control group.The degree of DNA damage in peripheral blood cells was detected by single cell gel electrophoresis.The level of H3K36me3 modifications was detected using Western blotting.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA levels of MGMT gene.Quantitative chromatin immuno-precipitation was used to detect the level of H3K36me3 modifications in the coding regions (ChIP1 and ChIP2) of MGMT gene.Results ①Among the groups of HaCaT cells treated with 2.50,5.00 and 10.00 μmol/L NaAsO2,the levels of tail DNA％ (11.83 ± 1.15,16.85 ± 2.52,24.23 ± 2.75) and olive tail moment (OTM,10.90 ± 1.13,16.19 ± 2.26,23.83 ± 2.79)were significantly increased compared with those of the control group (0.00 μmol/L,2.40 ± 0.51,2.26 ± 0.40,all P ＜ 0.05).After treated with 10.00 μmoFL NaAsO2 for 12 and 24 h,compared with the control group (0 h,3.66 ± 1.02,3.38 ± 1.00),the degrees of tail DNA％ (15.51 ± 1.92,24.18 ± 2.42) and OTM (13.58 ± 2.04,23.14 ± 2.11)were significantly increased (all P ＜ 0.05).②Compared with the control group (0.00 μmol/L,100.00 ± 0.00),the levels of H3K36me3 modifications (60.59 ± 9.75,57.82 ± 11.28,39.45 ± 7.09) were lower at the dosages of 2.50,5.00 and 10.00 μmol/L NaAsO2 (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group (0 h,100.00 ± 0.00),the levels of H3K36me3 modifications (48.47 ± 9.67,47.75 ± 6.98) were lower after treated with 10.00 μ mol/L NaAsO2 for 12 and 24 h (all P ＜ 0.05).③The levels of H3K36me3 modifications in HaCaT cells exposed to different doses of NaAsO2 were negatively associated with the tail DNA％ and OTM (r =-0.897,-0.903,all P ＜ 0.05).④Compared with the control group (0.00 μmol/L,100.00 ± 0.00),the mRNA levels of MGMT gene were lower at the dosages of 2.50,5.00 and 10.00 pmol/L NaAsO2 (78.20 ± 3.50,61.40 ± 2.60,49.15 ± 4.70,all P ＜ 0.05).⑤There was no observed H3K36me3 enrichmem regularity in the gene encoding ChIP1 and ChIP2 regions of MGMT gene in all doses of NaAsO2 groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions H3K36me3 may be involved in the regulation of arsenicinduced DNA damage in HaCaT cell.Amenic could inhibit the mRNA transcription of MGMT gene in HaCaT cells,but the transcription of MGMT gene regulate by H3K36me3 is not closely related to DNA damage induced by arsenic.

Objective To compare the impact of intra-arterial versus intravenous administration of epinephr-ine on the efficacy CPR in mice. Methods Transoesophageal cardiac pacing was performed to induce cardiac arrest for 4 minitues in 20 Kunming male mice. The mice were then randomized to two groups (n = 10 in each group), and received epinephrine of 0.02 mg/kg via either carotid artery (IA-gro) or jugular vein (IV-gro) injection. Chest compression and ventilation were performed; and the rate of restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival time were recorded. CPR was stopped if spontaneous circulation was not restored within 10 minutes. Results There was no significant difference in the rates of ROSC between IA-gro and IV-gro (10/10 vs. 8/10, P>0.05), nor in the time of ROSC or survival time [51 ± 13 s vs. 62 ± 24 s; 8.5 (6.0, 17.0) h vs. 6.5 (2.8, 21.3) h, P > 0.05]. Conclusions Neither intra-arterial nor intravenous administration of epinephrine has no obvious impact on the efficacy of CPR in mice.