Breast cancer has become the most common malignant tumor and the major cause of cancer-related death for women around the world. The number of patients shows an increasing trend recently. Breast cancer is a big threaten to wom?en’s health and quality of life. With the development of molecular biology, molecular biomarkers have been found assiciated with prognosis in patients with breast cancer, which makes it possible to predict cancer patient survival precisely and practi?cally. This review summarized those new developments of biomarkers on the prognosis of breast cancer.

Objective To evaluate the effects of ischemic postconditioning on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression during lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in a dog model of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and further investigate the pulmonary protection induced by ischemic postconditioning and the underlying mechanism.Methods Twelve adult mongrel dogs of both sexes, weighing 12-15 kg, were randomly divided into either CPB group or ischemic postconditioning group (IPO group) using a random number table, with 6 dogs in each group.CPB was established after the chest was opened in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium.Ischemic postconditioning was induced by 2 cycles of 5 min reperfusion followed by 5 min ischemia immediately after occlusion of the left pulmonary artery was released in group IPO.Before CPB (T1), before occlusion of the artery was released (T2) , and at 2 h after termination of CPB, lung specimens were obtained for examination of pathological changes which were scored (with light microscope) and for determination of the expression of NFκB and ICAM-1 (using Western blot) and wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) in left lung tissues.Blood samples were collected from femoral arteries at T1 and T3 for blood gas analysis, and oxygenation index (OI), respiration index (RI) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) were calculated.Results OI and Cdyn were significantly decreased, and RI was increased at T3 , and W/D ratio, pathological scores, and expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1 were increased at T2,3 than at T1 in the two groups.W/D ratio, pathological scores, and expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1 were significantly higher at T3 than at T2 in the two groups.Compared with group CPB, OI and Cdyn were significantly increased, and R1, W/D ratio, pathological scores, and expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1 were decreased at T3 in group IPO.Conclusion Ischemic postconditioning up-regulates the expression of ICAM-1 through inhibiting NF-κB activity, thus reducing lung I/R injury induced by CPB and improving the lung function in dogs.

AIM: To research the best processing method of Rhizoma Curcumae with water.METHODS: L 9(3 4) orthogonal table are decided with three effects: moistening time, steaming time, thickness of processed pieces. According to the amount of curcumin and volatile oil, orthogonal Design is applied to water processing Rhizoma Curcumae.RESULTS: The best processing method is: Rhizoma Curcumae is moistened for 20min, then cutting up to 3mm thick after steaming 30min.CONCLUSIONS:The steaming time has no obvious effect on the amount of curcumin in Rhizoma Curcumae, but if the amount of volatile oil is taken as marker. the steaming time has obvious effect.

Objective To determine the safety location of the bony tunnel in reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligaments on the basis of digital characterization of the anatomy of the clavicle and coracoid process.Methods Unilateral shoulder spiral CT scan was conducted in 30 patients without injury to the clavicle or coracoid process.They were 15 men and 15 women,aged from 20 to 71 years old (average,49.3 years).Thirty 3D digital models of the clavicle and coracoid process were constructed using the CT scan data by Mimics13.0.Half of the models were of the left shoulder and half of the right.Anatomic measurements of the clavicle and coracoid process were carried out on these models.Virtual transclavicular-transcoracoid bony tunnels were established according to the anatomy of the conoid ligament.Parameters of these bony tunnels were measured before the safety location was calculated.Results The mean clavicular length was 147.70 ± 5.34 mm in males and 133.09 ± 6.61 mm in females; the distance between the lateral edge of the clavicle and the center of the conoid tuberosity (CCD) was 35.90 ± 3.16 mm in males and 30.48 ± 0.54 mm in females; the distance between the lateral edge of the clavicle and the center of the trapezoid tuberosity (CTD) was 22.68 ± 1.23 mm in males and 18.69 ± 1.65 mm in females,with significant differences between genders (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between male and female regarding the ratio of the CCD to the clavicular length,the ratio of CTD to the clavicular length,or the mean internal rotational angle of the coracoid process (P ＞ 0.05).According the attachments of the conoid ligament on the clavicle and coracoid,from the superior-posterior edge of the clavicle to the anterior midpoint of the coracoid basement,the bony tunnels were established.These tunnels nearly bisected the cross section of the clavicle and coracoid basement,35.23° ± 2.36° medially inclined to the sagittal section and 5.91° ± 2.14° posteriorly inclined to the coronal section of the body.Conclusions To ensure that the bony tunnel should pass through the center of the clavicle and coracoid,it should be drilled from the superior-posterior edge of the clavicle and located at the clavicular attachment of the conoid ligament,tilting about 35° medially and 6° posteriorly to aim at the anterior midpoint of the coracoid basement.

Objective Current data on stent thrombosis(ST) in drug-eluting stent(DES) have come from randomized trials with strict entry criteria,which limits their generalizability to daily practice.The study sought to determine the real-world incidence of angiographically confirmed and possible stent thrombosis(ST) in an unrestricted population during the first 30 days after sirolimus-eluting stent(SES) implantation.Methods A cohort of consecutive complex patients treated with SES implantation was selected from Sep,2002 to May,2005.A total of 796 subjects entered the study.Results In the first 30 days after SES implantation,1 case had acute stent thrombosis and seven other cases had subacute stent thrombosis.Among these eight patients,ST presented as STEMI in three patients,NSTEMI in four patients and UAP only in one patient.Bifurcation stenting and long lesion stenting were the two significant risk factors(OR was 11.2 and 8.6 respectively,95% CI was 4.1 to 30.8 and 1.9 to 17.2 respectively,P

Objective To investigate the possibility of measuring ABO blood group antibody levels using renal cortical tubular epithelial cells (RCTECs) of cynomolgus monkey.Method The primary RCTECs were isolated from cynomolgus monkey kidneys and identified by Western blotting and flow cytometry (FACS).FACS was applied to detect the expression of ABO histo-blood group antigens on RCTECs,the binding of blood group antibodies in human serum to RCTECs,and to compare the difference of measuring ABO blood group antibody levels between using human erythrocytes and RCTECs as target cells.Result The majority of cells derived from the kidney cortex were renal tubular epithelial cells.39.90％-73.80％ of RCTECs were found to express the ABO histoblood group antigens with the capability to bind the human blood group antibodies specifically.The expression level of ABO histo-blood group antigen on RCTECs was not influenced by long-term cryopreservation,and the percentage of B antigen positive cells was 39.90％ before frozen storage and 39.65％ after a 10-month cryopreservation respectively.The normal serum and allergic serum presensitized to synthetic A antigen-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH-A) of cynomolgus monkey were used to compare the abilities of RCTECs and human erythrocytes to detect antibody titers.No agglutination was observed in RCTECs test group.The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values of antibody were highest when the dilution fold was lowest (1 ∶ 16) and gradually decreased with increased serum dilution in both serum groups.MFI fell towards baseline value at 1 ∶ 128 dilution in normal serum group while at 1∶8 192 dilution in allergic serum group.Between 1 ∶ 16 and 1∶8 192 dilutions,MFIs of normal serum group were all lower than those of allergic serum.In human red cells test group,obvious agglutination appeared at high concentrations of antibodies,and MFIs reached the peak at 1∶64 dilution in normal serum group and at 1∶32 dilution in allergic serum group,but fluctuated irregularly thereafter.Between 1∶64 and 1∶512 dilutions,MFIs of normal serum group were all higher than those of allergic serum.Data above showed that MFI values in RCTECs group could reflect the levels of blood group antibodies more exactly.Conclusion The RCTECs of cynomolgus monkey express ABO tissue-blood group antigens and would be more suitable to be used to measure ABO blood group antibody levels by FACS.

Objective To investigate the value of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the assessment of bile duct complications after cholecystectomy. Methods Fifty patients of having bile duct complications after cholecystectomy underwent MR imaging and had some positive manifestations. The indication for cholecystectomy was symptometic cholelithiasis in all cases. MR imaging was performed with a 1.5 T clinical imager including all of the sequences of: ①T1 weighted imaging (T1WI) was performed in transverse and coronal plane before and after gadolinium enhanced. ②T2 weighted imaging (T2WI) was performed in transverse plane. ③A true fast imaging with steady state precession sequence (True fisp) was performed in coronal plane. ④MR cholangiopancreatography was also obtained. Results The bile duct complications after cholecystectomy including: 22 cases of cholelithiasis, 15 cases of chronic cholangitis with or without bile duct abscess. Bile duct strictures or abruption at the confluence of hepatic and common bile duct in 6 and 3 cases respectively. Tumors of bile duct or pancreas in 9 cases. The other complications after cholecystectomy including bile leak with choleperitonitis and/or biloma and acute pancreatitis.Conclusion MR imaging was a valuable method for the assessment of bile duct complications after cholecystectomy. MR imaging could assess the etiology of bile duct complications. If there were bile duct obstruction, MR imaging could assess the location and the severe of obstruction. For bile duct or pancreatic tumors, MR imaging could assess the areas of tumor infiltration and resection and was helpful to select treatment methods. Before lapatoscopic cholecystectomy, the overall and careful imaging assessment for bile duct and gallbladder and its adjacent hepatic tissue and pancreas so to avoid missing the relative tumors.

BackgroundThe morphological examination of macular disease is very important information for the early diagnosis.Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a gold criteria in the diagnosis of macular diseases,but its clinical application is limited in the eyes with refractive medium opacity.The resolution ratio of conventional B-scan sonography is unsatisfactory.20 MHz B-scan sonography may be a new approach to maculopathy.ObjectiveThis study was to evaluate the clinical value of 20 MHz B-scan ultrasound by comparing morphological changes of different maculopathies observed by 20 MHz ultrasound and spectral-domain OCT.MethodsA prospective study was designed.51 eyes of 51 patients with macular diseases who were determined by Tianjin Medical University Eye Center were enrolled in this study.Spectral-domain OCT was used to image the macular area,and then the 20 MHz B-scan ultrasound was used to examine the same eye to assess the value of 20 MHz B-scan ultrasound diagnosis.The macular diseases were typed according to the OCT manifestation.The characteristics of 20 MHz ultrasound for the same maculopathy were analyzed.All the patients subscribe the informed consent before the study.ResultsIn 10 eyes with macular hole determined by spectral-domain OCT,shallow dome-shaped lesion with central hollow was exhibited on the ultrasound image.The macular edema,retinal neuroepithelium layer detachment and retinoschisis were found in 16 eyes,6 eyes and 4 eyes by spectral-domain OCT,but the 20 M Hz B-Scan ultrasound presented with the focal belt-shaped elevation with non-echo zone below.In contrast,in 15 eyes of retinal pigment epithelium detachment in OCT,spectral-domain OCT showed stronger and thicker belt-shaped echo.Conclusions20 MHz B-scan ultrasound has certain value in the diagnosis and differentiation for several common maculopathies.Although it is not accurate as OCT in recognizing diseases,it could play an important role in refractive media opacity eye.

Objective To explore the effect of spinal decompression system on lumbar disc herniation. Methods 83 patients of lumbar disc herniation were divided into observation group (n=42) and control group (n=41). Both groups received massage therapy, while the observation group was treated with spinal decompression system in addition. The effect was evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) assessment of low back pain. Results The VAS score decreased and the JOA score increased in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and it was better in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Spinal decompression system could improve the therapeutic effect on lumbar disc herniation.

BACKGROUND:Point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) or single-voxel spectroscopy (SVS) is always used in the previous researches of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and its regions of interest are mainly located in focal zones which can be observed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, both of them cannot manifest the changes of focal marginal zone. Contrarily, hydrogen magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) can det ect the all regions of brain.OBJECTIVE: To observe the 1H-MRS manifestations of patients with heroin spongiform leucoencephalopathy (HSLE) so as to analyze metabolic regularities of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr) and bilineurine (Cho) in brain.DESIGN: Case-contrast observation.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Three HSLE patients including 2 males and 1 female who were diagnosed with clinical imaging were selected from the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital from August 2005 to August 2006, and all of them were regarded as the case group. In addition, 10 healthy volunteers were regarded as the control group.METHODS: Siemens Megnetom Vision Plus 1.5T superconductive magnetic resonance (MR) system and standard head coil were used in this study, and then, all subjects were checked with 1H-MRS.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Levels of NAA, Cr and Cho in white matter of frontal, parietal and occipital lobes, metabolic maps of them and ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr.RESULTS: All 13 subjects were involved in the final analysis. ① NAA level: The level of NAA in white matter of frontal,parietal and occipital lobes of case 1 was lower than that of the subjects in the control group (79.50±21.65, 96.75±16.14,77.05±22.47; 146.07±15.49, 117.77±14.56, 120.83±16.02; P ＜ 0.05, 0.01); meanwhile, white matter of parietal lobes of case 2 and case 3 was also lower than that of subjects in the control group (87.50±7.89, 80.65±11.73, P ＜ 0.01). ② Cr level: There were no significant differences of the Cr level of all subjects in both case group and control group (P＞ 0.05).③ Cho level: Except white matter of frontal lobes in case 1, the level of Cho was lower in the case group than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.01). ④ Ratio of NAA/Cr was lower in the case group than that in the control group, and the radio of Cho/Cr was decreased remarkably. ⑤ Metabolic maps of NAA and Cr manifested a low signal in focal site. ⑥ Ratio of Cho/Cr was obviously reversed in focal marginal zone, but wave of lactic acid was not observed at the same time.CONCLUSION:The area with abnormal metabolites in HSLE patients showed by 1H-MRS is obviously larger than the visible lesion area showed by MRI.There are abnormal metabolites in the adjacent area of HSLE lesions.