Objective To study changes of?-glutamyltransferase(GGT)and its isoenzyme in urine and renal cortex of rats with subacute cadmium exposure.Methods Sixty healthy SD male rats were chosen and divided randomly into control group,middle dose group and high dose group,which were orally dosed daily with feed containing0,5and10mg cadmium per kg for six weeks.The activities of GGT and its isoenzyme in urine and renal cortex of the rats were determined in the3rd and6th week respectively.Re sults During the whole experimental period,the body weights and kidney to body weight ratios of control group,middle dose group and high dose group showed no significant differences.The GGT activities of middle dose group and high dose group increased significantly with the prolongation of exposure to cadmium and the increase of cumulative exposure compared with those in the control group.Unusual bands of GGT isoenzyme in the urine and renal cortex homogenate were found in the3rd week and the incidence of unusual bands of GGT isoenzyme was100percent in the6th week in the cadmium-treated rats of middle dose group and high dose group.Con clusion The GGT activities and the unusual bands of GGT isoen-zymes in the urine and renal cortex could be used as sensitive indexes to identify the renal toxic effects induced by cadmium.

The experimental right cerebral contusion model was established in rats.To observe the relationship between the expression of Nitric oxide synthase 1(NOS1)and time elapsed after cerebral contusion,the expression of Nitric oxide synthase 1(NOS1)and mRNA was studied by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization at different intervals after cerebral injury.The results indicated that a positive relationship existed between the expression of NOS1 and NOS1 mRNA and the intervals elapsed after brain injury.This method also can be used to distinguish antemortem and postmortem injury rat′s cerebral contusion.So that,the expression of NOS1 and NOS1 mRNA is of great value for timing of brain injury.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; surgery ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Brain ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Brain Edema ; etiology ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; chemically induced ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Collagenases ; Electroacupuncture ; Heparin ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To observe the influence of low protein diet with α-keto acid on kidney sclerosis and renin-angiotensin system in renal ablation rats. Methods Chronic renal failure rat model was established by renal ablation in 30 male SD rats,then the animals were randomly assigned to the following diet groups:normal protein group (NPD:18%casein protein),low protein group (LPD:6%casein protein) and supplemented low protein group (LK:5%casein protein+1%α-keto acids).Ten male SD sham-operated rats received 18%casein protein as control.All the rats were killed at the end of the 12th week.Pathologic changes were assessed by PAS staining.Ang II in homogenate and plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay and ELISA respectively.Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the protein expression of TGF-β1,renin and AT1R.Real-time PCR was used to detect the gene expression of renin and ATla,the main subtype of AT1 receptor. Results Body weight,total protein and serum albumin had not significant difference among the four groups(all P>0.05).Serum creatinine and proteinuria of nephrectomized rats were significantly higher compared to the control group (all P<0.05).Proteinuria of the LK group was lower than that of NPD and LPD groups (all P<0.05).Pathological results indicated fibrosis indices were significantly improved after LPD and LK intervention.Expressions of renin,Ang II and AT1R in LK group were significantly lower than those in NPD group (all P<0.05). Conclusions Low protein diet with α-keto acids supplement therapy exhibits renal protective effects of reducing urine protein excretion and improving renal fibrosis,which might be related to the attenuation of local renin-angiotensin system in activity nephrectomized rats.

Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of EIIIA + fibronectin in incised wound of rat’s skin and injury time. Methods The wounding model was established by cutting the dor-salskin of 48 adult SD rats. The rats were sacrificed atthe pre-setinjury time as immediately, 0. 5h, 1h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, and 8 h. The skin sam ples were taken at the m argin of wound. The expression of the EIIIA + fibronectin was detected by im m unohistochem istry and W estern blotting and the relationship be-tween its expression and injury time was observed. Results The expression of EIIIA + fibronectin was not observed im m ediately. The basal cell of skin began to showpositive expression 0. 5 h after injury. W ith the extension of injury time, positive staining became stronger. The value of relative optical density was gradually increased with prolonged injury time by the W estern blotting analysis. Conclusion The expres-sion of EIIIA + fibronectin could be used for estimation of injury time in the early stage of skin injury.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and disease-causing mutations of familial hypomagnesaemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis.Methods In February 2016,a 24 year old female patient with left kidney stone and nephrocalcinosis in bilateral kidneys was admitted to our hospital.One month prior to this admission,she had been treated by PCNL to remove the most part of left kidney stone in otherhospital.Mter admission,She was found hypomagnesaemia (serum magnesium 0.65 mmol/ L) and hypercalciuria (24h urine calcium 364.0 mg) but with normal renal function (serum creatinine 101.5μmol/L).And the remained part of left kidney stone was removed by flexible ureteroscope.As she was considered probably with an autosomal recessive FHHNC,an analysis of CLDN16 and CLDN19 gene mutations was performed using her and her parents'peripheral white blood cells.Results Mutation analysis revealed this patient had two heterozygous mutations in the CLDN16.One is an one-base deletion mutation in the 123th codon in exon 2:368delA.The other is a missense mutation in the 139th codon in exon 2:416C →T which resulted in an amino acid change Ala139Val.Her parents respectively had one of each heterozygous mutation.In the six months follow-up,an oral administration with hvdrochlorothiazide,potassium citrate,and calcium magesium supplements significantly reduced her hypomagnesaemia (serum magnesiun 1.0 mmol/L) and hypercalciuria (24-h urine calcium 156.0 mg),and no stone recurrence and aggravation of nephrocalcinosis and renal dysfunction occurred.Conclusions We diagnosed a patient with FHHNC who had a novel compound heterozygous mutation of CLDN16.This rare disease should be suspected if there are three constant clinical features of hypomagnesaemia,hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis,and verified with CLDN16 and CLDN19 gene test.Currently the option for treatment of FHHNC is symptomatic treatment until severe deterioration of renal function.The hydrochlorothiazide,potassium citrate,and calcium magesium supplements may have considerable effects on hypomagnesaemia and hypercalciuria.

Objective To explore the effect of adenovirus carrying pigment epithelium-derived factor(ADV-PEDF)gene treatment on retinal neovascularization of mice with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Methods Sixty 7 d C57BL/6J mice were put into the environment with (750?5)mL/L oxygen for 5 days and returned to normal environment to establish animal models of ROP.The eyes in experimental group received an intravitreal injection of 1 ?L of ADV-PEDF,and the same volume of ADV-LacZ was injected into the eyes of mice in control group.The ADPase histochemical staining was used for retinal flatmount to observe changes of retinal vessels.The inhibitory effects of PEDF on retinal neovascularization were evaluated by counting the endotheliocyte nuclei of new vessels extending from retina to vitreous in the tissue-slice.The expression of PEDF in retina were detected by Western blotting.Results The vessels from optic disc were very thin and distorted in eyes of control group in retinal flatmount.There were avascular area around optic disc and neovascular trufts beside avascular area.Compared with control group,regular distributions and no conspicuous avascular area were found in eyes of experiment group in retinal flatmount.The number of the endotheliocyte nuclei of new vessels extending from retina to vitreous was less in the eyes of the experiment group than that in control group (P

Objective To explore the impact of NaF · EDTA-K2 on blood lipids measurement in pregnant women , determine whetherthe empty-stomach plasma for OGTT could be used as substitute for serumin blood lipids analyses.Methods Fastingplasma with NaF · EDTA-K2 and serumfrom 100 pregnant women werecollected,andconcentration of CHO,TG, HDL,LDL,apoA1 and apoB were tested with Hitachi 7 600 automatic biochemical analyzer.Data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software.Results The concentrations oflipids and lipoproteins with NaF · EDTA-K2 were slightly lower than those of serum.There were statistical significances between the means of CHO , HDL, LDL, apoA1 and apoBof two groups ( P<0.05) except TG.Correlation coefficients of the six analyteswere CHO 0.968, TG 0.995, HDL 0.979, LDL 0.991, apoA1 0.692, apoB 0.846respectively.Standard Error of Estimate for plasma were: CHO 0.281, TG 0.094, HDL 0.077, LDL 0.112, apoA1 0.230, apoB 0.111 respectively.The modified coefficients were 1.08 for CHO, HDL and LDL, 1.14 for apoA1 and 1.07 for apoB.Conclusion NaF· EDTA-K2 negatively biased the blood lipidsmeasurement of CHO , HDL, LDL, apoA1 and apoB in pregnant women,yet lipids concentrations in plasma with NaF · EDTA-K2 were closely related to those in serum , which may be used to predict the bloodlipidslevel of pregnant women afterajusted.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of Esmolo on the hemodynamic and tissue oxygenation of the patients with septic shock and tachycardia.MethodsSeventy four septic shock patients with tachycardia were enrolled and randomized into Esmolo-treated group and control group after early goal-directed therapy (EGDT).The patients in Esmolo group were given intravenous Esmlol to decrease the heart rate to below 110 beats per minute.Hemodynamic data and tissue oxygenation parameters,such as Heart rate (HR),Mean Artery Pressure ( MAP),Central Venous Pressure ( CVP),Cardiae Index ( CI),Stroke Volume Index ( SVI),Systemic Vascular Resistance Index (SVRI),Lactate,Centrol Venous Oxygen Saturation (SCVO2 ) were recorded before and 2,3,4 hours after the Esmolol treatment.Results Heart rate of Esmolol group was reduced at all time points after treatment,The difference of that from the control group was significant ( H R: [ 108 ± 16 ] beats/min vs.[ 132 ± 18 ] beats/min,[ 101 ± 14] beats/min vs.[ 135 ± 19 ] beats/min,[ 106 ± 21 ] beats/rin vs.[ 129 ± 14]beats/min,all P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared to the control group,Stroke Volume Index of Esmolol group was significantly increased at each time point ( SVI: [32 ± 12] ml/m2 vs.[22 ±8] ml/m2,[34 ± 14] ml/m2 vs.[21 ±6] ml/m2,[37 ± 10] ml/m2vs.[23 ±9] ml/m2,all P ＜0.05).Lactate of Esmolol group was significantly decreased at the end of the 3rd,4th hour of Esmolol treatment ( lactate: [ 1.6 ± 1.1 ] mmol/L vs.[ 2.7 ± 1.2 ]mmol/L,[ 1.3 ± 0.9 ] mmol/Lvs.[ 2.8 ± 1.4 ] mmol/L,both P ＜ 0.01.There were no significant differences in MAP,CI,SVRI,SCVO2 between the two groups at each time point ( all P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion Esmolol can reduce heart rate significantly,improve cardiac work and tissue perfusion in septic shock patients with tachycardia.It is a feasible and safe treatment for this kind of patients.